Fuzzy reasoning Petri-nets (PNs) is a promising technique to tackle the complexities of power system fault section estimation. This paper addresses several key issues in implementing fuzzy reasoning ...PNs for fault section estimation, which include optimal design of structure of diagnosis models to avoid large matrix size, utilization of fuzzy logic parameters to effectively handle uncertainties, realization of matrix execution algorithm to achieve parallel reasoning and adaptability, and integration of more reliable input data to enhance estimation accuracy. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the estimation capability under complex scenarios. An implementation solution residing in a control center is proposed.
A spiro‐axis skeleton not only introduces circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules but also enhances the intramolecular through space ...charge transfer (TSCT) process. Spiral distributed phenoxazine and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one‐10,10‐dioxide act as donor and acceptor units, respectively. The resulting TADF enantiomers, (rac)‐OSFSO, display emission maxima at 470 nm, small singlet‐triplet energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.022 eV and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 81.2 % in co‐doped film. The circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) based on (R)‐OSFSO and (S)‐OSFSO display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) signals with dissymmetry factor up to 3.0×10−3 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 20.0 %. Moreover, the devices show remarkably low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 19.3 % at 1000 cd m−2 (roll‐off ca. 3.5 %), which are among the top results of CP‐OLEDs.
A chiral spiro‐axis skeleton introduced the circularly polarized luminescence property into TADF molecules and enhanced the intramolecular through space charge transfer process. The resulting TADF enantiomers display obvious CPEL signals with |gEL| factor up to 3.0×10−3 and EQE of 20.0 % with remarkably low efficiency roll‐off, which are among the top results of CP‐OLEDs.
Circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) are particularly favorable for the direct generation of CP light, and they demonstrate a promising application in 3D display. However, up ...to now, such CP devices have suffered from low brightness, insufficient efficiency, and serious efficiency roll‐off. In this study, a pair of octahydro‐binaphthol (OBN)‐based chiral emitting enantiomers, (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz, are developed by ingeniously merging a chiral source and a luminophore skeleton. These chirality–acceptor–donor (C–A–D)‐type and rod‐like compounds concurrently generate thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a small ΔEST of 0.037 eV, as well as a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 92% and intense circularly polarized photoluminescence with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of ≈2.0 × 10−3 in thin films. The CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz enantiomers not only display obvious circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with a |gEL| of ≈2.0 × 10−3, but also exhibit superior efficiencies with maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) up to 32.6% and extremely low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 30.6% at 5000 cd m−2, which are the best performances among the reported CP devices to date.
Octahydrobinaphthol‐compound‐based circularly polarized delayed fluorescence enantiomers, (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz are developed by merging a chiral source and a luminophore skeleton. The circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes based on (R/S)‐OBN‐Cz display intense CP‐electroluminescence signals with a |gEL| of ≈2.0 × 10−3, and achieve superior efficiencies with external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 32.6% and extremely low efficiency roll‐off with an EQE of 30.6% at 5000 cd m−2.
Pure organic materials with intrinsic room‐temperature phosphorescence typically rely on heavy atoms or heteroatoms. Two different strategies towards constructing organic room‐temperature ...phosphorescence (RTP) species based upon the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) unit of 2.2paracyclophane (PCP) were demonstrated. Materials with bromine atoms, PCP‐BrCz and PPCP‐BrCz, exhibit RTP lifetime of around 100 ms. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units, PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz, successfully elongate the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms, respectively, the afterglow of which is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions. The PCP‐TNTCz and PCP‐PyCNCz enantiomers display excellent circular polarized luminescence with dissymmetry factors as high as −1.2×10−2 in toluene solutions, and decent RTP lifetime of around 300 ms for PCP‐TNTCz enantiomers in crystalline state.
A series of organic phosphors based on paracyclophanes (PCPs) exhibit both strong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and excellent circularly polarized luminescence. Modulating the PCP core with non‐halogen‐containing electron‐withdrawing units elongates the RTP lifetime to 313.59 and 528.00 ms. The afterglow is visible for several seconds under ambient conditions.
Cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ursolic acid (UA), as a pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, exerts several bioactivities ...in animal models of different diseases, but the preventive role of UA in I/R-induced myocardial dysfunction remains largely unknown. Male wild-type mice were pre-administered with UA at a dosage of 80 mg/kg i.p. and then subjected to cardiac I/R injury for 24 h. Cardiac function and pathological changes were examined by echocardiography and histological staining. The protein and mRNA levels of the genes were determined using qPCR and immunoblotting analysis. Our results revealed that UA administration in mice significantly attenuated the I/R-induced decline in cardiac function, infarct size, myocyte apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Mechanistically, UA increased three immunoproteasome catalytic subunit expressions and activities, which promoted ubiquitinated PP2A degradation and activated AMPK-PGC1α signalling, leading to improved mitochondrial biosynthesis and dynamic balance. In vitro experiments confirmed that UA treatment prevented hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through activation of AMPK signalling. In summary, our findings identify UA as a new activator of the immunoproteasome that exerts a protective role in I/R-induced myocardial dysfunction and suggest that UA supplementation could be beneficial for the prevention of cardiac ischaemic disease.
A smart grid is a typical cyber-physical system (CPS). Cyber networks and physical networks of smart grids have similar topologies and interdependent characteristics, which may induce cyber-physical ...coupling failures. Remedial control for physical outages may fail due to a simultaneous cyber-side failure, thereby increasing the risk to smart grids. To improve the robustness of smart grids in the face of possible cyber-physical coupling failures, the critical information flow should be allocated to reliable paths to ensure accessibility. The existing routing for power communication networks follows the information flow fairness principle. However, the information flow has different levels of importance in different power system states. In this paper, an importance evaluation approach for information flow based on the cyber-physical sensitivity is introduced. Then, a CPS robust routing model (CPS-RRM) with a priority mechanism that considers cyber-physical disturbances is proposed based on robust optimization. The formulated CPS-RRM is converted to a linear problem using the Big-M method and is solved using a modified C-CG algorithm. The superiority of our model is validated by comparing it to conventional routing based on the shortest-path model in terms of robustness and performance in power flow corrective control.
Compared with a power system under centralized control, a power system under fully distributed control has stronger interdependence between its physical side and cyber side. Such a system is a ...typical cyber-physical system (CPS). The time delay problem is one of the most critical issues in the application of distributed control for power systems. First, a distributed information flow model is established considering multiple sources of time delay, especially the communication delay between neighboring agents. Second, combining the dynamics of physical power systems, a general model of time-delayed CPS under fully distributed control is proposed, especially for inverter-based microgrids. Third, the stability of the time-delayed CPS is analyzed based on the proposed model with a critical eigenvalue tracking algorithm. A real-world microgrid with DGs under fully distributed frequency control is tested for small-signal stability analysis. The findings show that the stability of the distributed CPS with multiple sources of time delay depends on not only the absolute value of time delays but also the coordination of time delays and that the delay merging property in centralized mode is not relevant in a distributed CPS. The accuracy of the model and the obtained stability margin are verified by Simulink simulations.
Two generations of garnet are recognized in a granite and a pegmatite from the Gangdese orogen in southeastern Tibet on the basis of a combined study of petrography, major and trace element profiles, ...and garnet O isotopes. Zircon U-Pb dating and Hf-O isotope compositions also help constrain the origin of both granite and pegmatite. The first generation of garnet (Grt-I) occurs as residues in the center of garnet grains, and it represents an early stage of nucleation related to magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. Grt-I is dark in backscattered electron (BSE) images, rich in spessartine, and poor in almandine and grossular. Its chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns show obvious negative Eu anomalies and depletion in heavy REE (HREE) relative to middle REE (MREE). The second generation of pegmatite garnet (Grt-II) occurs as rims of euhedral garnets or as patches in Grt-I domains of the pegmatite, and it crystallized after dissolution of the preexisting pegmatite garnet (Grt-I domains) in the presence of the granitic magma. Compared with Grt-I, Grt-II is bright in BSE images, poor in spessartine, and rich in almandine and grossular contents. Its chondrite-normalized REE patterns exhibit obvious negative Eu anomalies but enrichment in HREE relative to MREE. The elevation of grossular and HREE contents for Grt-II relative to Grt-I domains indicate that the granitic magma had higher contents of Ca than the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The garnets in the granite, from core to rim, display homogenous profiles in their spessartine, almandine, and pyrope contents but increasing grossular and decreasing REE contents. They are typical of magmatic garnets that crystallized from the granitic magma. Ti-in-zircon temperatures demonstrate that the granite and pegmatite may share the similar temperatures for their crystallization. Grt-II domains in the pegmatite garnet have the same major and trace element compositions as the granite garnet, suggesting that the pegmatite Grt-II domains crystallized from the same granitic magma. Therefore, the pegmatite crystallized at first from early magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, producing small amounts of Grt-I, and the fluids then mixed with the surrounding granitic magma. The U-Pb dating and Hf-O isotope analyses of zircons from the granite and pegmatite yield almost the same U-Pb ages of 77-79 Ma, positive εHf(t) values of 5.6 to 11.9, and δ18O values of 5.2 to 7.1 ppm. These data indicate that the granite and pegmatite were both derived from reworking of the juvenile crust in the newly accreted continental margin prior to the continental collision in the Cenozoic.
PDF
