•The rate of adsorption of water on branches and leaves varies greatly among 116 tree species.•The different rates of adsorption explain the interspecific variation of rainfall interception.•Canopy ...increased the number, volume and kinetic energy of large raindrops.•Rain interception and kinetic energy were enlarged with both leaf area index and mean leaf area.•Stemflow and throughfall were highly related to diffuse non-interception.
Forests play an important role in the water cycle and in the control of soil erosion. The canopy, as the first active surface of the forest, directly affects soil erosion by redistributing rainfall. However, the effects of the plant morphological characteristics of different tree species on rainfall interception and kinetic energy reduction have not been determined. We determined 116 globally important woody tree species and classified them based on the differences of plant life-forms, leaf textures and trichomes on leaves in the Guizhou karstic regions of China. The water adsorbed on the branches and leaves of these species was measured to explain rainfall interception. We further selected four representative species among the 116 species and measured rainfall interception, stemflow and throughfall, as well as the corresponding indices of plant morphological characteristics, under simulated rainfall. Results indicated that the adsorbed water showed considerable differences between tree species with different plant morphological characteristics. Tree species with trichomes on their leaves had the largest amount of adsorbed water compared to those with papery or leathery leaves and those without trichomes. Rainfall interception was significantly dependent on leaf area index (LAI), mean leaf area (MLA) and leaf shape factor (LSF), but stemflow and throughfall were dependent on diffuse non-interceptance (DIFN) under tree canopies. Tree canopies increased the numbers, volumes and kinetic energy of large raindrops. LAI, mean foliage tilt angle (MTA), MLA and LSF had differently significant impacts on drop size distribution (DSD), and the kinetic energy of rainfall under canopies, but DIFN did not any impacts on them. The results presented in this study quantitatively clarify the impacts of the morphological characteristics of different plants on adsorbed water of branches and leaves, linking rainfall interception of canopies and the redistribution and kinetic energy of rainfall.
Plastics have been the most consumed materials of human societies in recent decades and, in the mean time, one of the major products obtained from landfill mining. Characteristics of the landfill ...mined plastic wastes and their recovery potential were the key points to determine the feasibility of landfill mining projects. We collected municipal solid waste samples of different storage years from the landfill and did mechanical screening and manual separating to sort out plastic wastes, and a typical old landfill, which is of 24 storage years and located in central China, was taken as our studied case. According to our research, plastic wastes accounted for 10.62 ± 5.12% of the total stored wastes in the old landfill, among which, 69.13% was plastic bags (white PE plastic bags accounted for 11.34%; colored PE plastic bags 29.77%; other plastic bags 28.02%), and 30.87% was other plastics (incl. PP, PVC, PS, etc.). The average moisture content in the plastic waste was 19.96 ± 4.65% and the average impurities content was 71.02 ± 6.31% before manual washing and cleaning. The VS, ash, fixed carbon and calorific value of manually cleaned plastic wastes were 87.09 ± 0.55%, 10.84 ± 1.19%, 2.07 ± 0.85% and 43.18 ± 1.49 MJ kg−1, respectively. Elements testing (C, N, O, S, Cl, Si, Al) and surface images analysis under scanning electron microscope showed that normal cleaning techniques had a difficulty in thoroughly getting rid of all the impurities on the surface of plastic bags excavated from old landfill, which will impede plastic wastes from being mechanical recycled as renewable materials or being chemically recycled by either pyrolysis, gasification, hydrogenation. Incineration or treating as residue derived fuels (RDFs) for recovering energy was the most practical way to process landfill mining plastic wastes under the normal cleaning techniques.
•Physicochemical characteristics of plastic wastes from landfill mining.•Assessing the recovery potential for landfill mined plastic wastes.•Impurities are difficult to be cleaned off through normal washing.•Incineration and RDFs is practical to recover landfill mining plastic wastes.
The detection of arbitrary-oriented and multi-scale objects in satellite optical imagery is an important task in remote sensing and computer vision. Despite significant research efforts, such ...detection remains largely unsolved due to the diversity of patterns in orientation, scale, aspect ratio, and visual appearance; the dense distribution of objects; and extreme imbalances in categories. In this paper, we propose an adaptive dynamic refined single-stage transformer detector to address the aforementioned challenges, aiming to achieve high recall and speed. Our detector realizes rotated object detection with RetinaNet as the baseline. Firstly, we propose a feature pyramid transformer (FPT) to enhance feature extraction of the rotated object detection framework through a feature interaction mechanism. This is beneficial for the detection of objects with diverse patterns in terms of scale, aspect ratio, visual appearance, and dense distributions. Secondly, we design two special post-processing steps for rotated objects with arbitrary orientations, large aspect ratios and dense distributions. The output features of FPT are fed into post-processing steps. In the first step, it performs the preliminary regression of locations and angle anchors for the refinement step. In the refinement step, it performs adaptive feature refinement first and then gives the final object detection result precisely. The main architecture of the refinement step is dynamic feature refinement (DFR), which is proposed to adaptively adjust the feature map and reconstruct a new feature map for arbitrary-oriented object detection to alleviate the mismatches between rotated bounding boxes and axis-aligned receptive fields. Thirdly, the focus loss is adopted to deal with the category imbalance problem. Experiments on two challenging satellite optical imagery public datasets, DOTA and HRSC2016, demonstrate that the proposed ADT-Det detector achieves a state-of-the-art detection accuracy (79.95% mAP for DOTA and 93.47% mAP for HRSC2016) while running very fast (14.6 fps with a 600 × 600 input image size).
Although recent work has described the microbiome in solid tumors, microbial content in hematological malignancies is not well-characterized. Here we analyze existing deep DNA sequence data from the ...blood and bone marrow of 1870 patients with myeloid malignancies, along with healthy controls, for bacterial, fungal, and viral content. After strict quality filtering, we find evidence for dysbiosis in disease cases, and distinct microbial signatures among disease subtypes. We also find that microbial content is associated with host gene mutations and with myeloblast cell percentages. In patients with low-risk myelodysplastic syndrome, we provide evidence that Epstein-Barr virus status refines risk stratification into more precise categories than the current standard. Motivated by these observations, we construct machine-learning classifiers that can discriminate among disease subtypes based solely on bacterial content. Our study highlights the association between the circulating microbiome and patient outcome, and its relationship with disease subtype.
Genome-wide mapping of chromatin interactions at high resolution remains experimentally and computationally challenging. Here we used a low-input “easy Hi-C” protocol to map the 3D genome ...architecture in human neurogenesis and brain tissues and also demonstrated that a rigorous Hi-C bias-correction pipeline (HiCorr) can significantly improve the sensitivity and robustness of Hi-C loop identification at sub-TAD level, especially the enhancer-promoter (E-P) interactions. We used HiCorr to compare the high-resolution maps of chromatin interactions from 10 tissue or cell types with a focus on neurogenesis and brain tissues. We found that dynamic chromatin loops are better hallmarks for cellular differentiation than compartment switching. HiCorr allowed direct observation of cell-type- and differentiation-specific E-P aggregates spanning large neighborhoods, suggesting a mechanism that stabilizes enhancer contacts during development. Interestingly, we concluded that Hi-C loop outperforms eQTL in explaining neurological GWAS results, revealing a unique value of high-resolution 3D genome maps in elucidating the disease etiology.
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•HiCorr allows robust mapping of sub-TAD chromatin interactions with Hi-C•Low-input “easy Hi-C” protocol compatible with 50–100k cells•Enhancer loops and aggregates are better marks of cell identity than compartments•Chromatin loops outperform eQTLs in defining neurological GWAS target genes
Lu et al. developed a rigorous Hi-C bias-correction pipeline to significantly improve the robustness of high-resolution chromatin interaction maps. With a new low-input “easy Hi-C” protocol, they mapped chromatin interactions in neural samples, defined cell-type-specific enhancer loops and aggregates, and concluded that Hi-C outperforms eQTL in explaining GWAS results.
Image fusion is the process of combining multiple input images from single or multiple imaging modalities into a fused image, which is expected to be more informative for human or machine perception ...as compared to any of the input images. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on deep learning for fusing infrared images and visible images, named the local binary pattern (LBP)-based proportional input generative adversarial network (LPGAN). In the image fusion task, the preservation of structural similarity and image gradient information is contradictory, and it is difficult for both to achieve good performance at the same time. To solve this problem, we innovatively introduce LBP into GANs, enabling the network to have stronger texture feature extraction and utilization capabilities, as well as anti-interference capabilities. In the feature extraction stage, we introduce a pseudo-Siamese network for the generator to extract the detailed features and the contrast features. At the same time, considering the characteristic distribution of different modal images, we propose a 1:4 scale input mode. Extensive experiments on the publicly available TNO dataset and CVC14 dataset show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance. We also test the universality of LPGAN by fusing RGB and infrared images on the RoadScene dataset and medical images. In addition, LPGAN is applied to multi-spectral remote sensing image fusion. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our LPGAN can not only achieve good structural similarity, but also retain richly detailed information.
•A carbon cycle model of the municipal solid waste management system was analyzed.•Three municipal waste management scenarios were analyzed.•Landfill forms the largest carbon stocks among all ...scenarios.•Incineration emits largest carbon dioxide among all scenarios.•Improving municipal solid waste management could reduce carbon emissions.
Municipal solid waste management is one of the key subsystems of urban metabolism, which significantly impacts urban carbon cycles. A conceptual model for analyzing the carbon cycle of the municipal solid waste management system was established based on the theory of urban metabolism with regard to urban carbon cycling. The model includes horizontal fluxes, vertical fluxes and carbon stocks of the waste managing processes such as waste collection, transportation, treatment and disposal. The current carbon cycling of the municipal solid waste management system and two other scenarios were analyzed using a Jingmen City case study. The results indicate that the input horizontal flux in municipal solid waste between 1989 and 2004 was 293.47Gg. Among all of the considered scenarios, the landfill formed the largest carbon stocks; incineration showed the largest vertical fluxes of carbon dioxide, and source separation and integrated technologies decreased carbon emissions by adding new carbon sources to the urban system. Improving municipal solid waste management using techniques, such as waste minimization, source separation, recycling, technical innovations of incineration, compost and digestion of organic waste, landfill mining, etc., could impact the urban carbon cycle by reducing carbon emissions.
In the drug discovery process, time and costs are the most typical problems resulting from the experimental screening of drug-target interactions (DTIs). To address these limitations, many ...computational methods have been developed to achieve more accurate predictions. However, identifying DTIs mostly rely on separate learning tasks with drug and target features that neglect interaction representation between drugs and target. In addition, the lack of these relationships may lead to a greatly impaired performance on the prediction of DTIs. Aiming at capturing comprehensive drug-target representations and simplifying the network structure, we propose an integrative approach with a convolution broad learning system for the DTI prediction (ConvBLS-DTI) to reduce the impact of the data sparsity and incompleteness. First, given the lack of known interactions for the drug and target, the weighted K-nearest known neighbors (WKNKN) method was used as a preprocessing strategy for unknown drug-target pairs. Second, a neighborhood regularized logistic matrix factorization (NRLMF) was applied to extract features of updated drug-target interaction information, which focused more on the known interaction pair parties. Then, a broad learning network incorporating a convolutional neural network was established to predict DTIs, which can make classification more effective using a different perspective. Finally, based on the four benchmark datasets in three scenarios, the ConvBLS-DTI's overall performance out-performed some mainstream methods. The test results demonstrate that our model achieves improved prediction effect on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the precision-recall curve.
Visual Tracking via Probabilistic Hypergraph Ranking Lu, Ruitao; Xu, Wanying; Zheng, Yongbin ...
IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology,
04/2017, Letnik:
27, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Online object tracking is a challenging issue because the appearance of an object tends to change due to intrinsic or extrinsic factors. In this paper, we propose a tracking algorithm based on ...probabilistic hypergraph ranking. First, three types of hypergraphs are constructed to encode local affinity information. Then, a probabilistic hypergraph is built by combining three distinct hypergraphs linearly. Second, an adaptive template constraint is proposed to effectively use the discriminative information of different templates. Third, object tracking is formulated as a transductive learning issue, and the optimal target location is determined by maximum a posteriori estimation on the ranking scores. Finally, a dynamic updating scheme of positive and negative template sets provides the proposed tracker with robustness against appearance variations. A series of experiments and evaluations on various challenging image sequences is performed, and the results show that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against other state-of-the-art methods.
Objective
Night flights might aggravate sleep disorders among aging airline pilots, posing a threat to flight safety. In this study, we assess the prevalence of sleep disorders as well as the ...combined effects of night flight duration and aging on sleep disorders.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December, 2021. Participants were recruited from a commercial airline. Sleep disorders were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The interaction effect of night flight duration and age on sleep disorders and their correlates were examined using logistic regression models.
Results
In total, 1,208 male airline pilots were included in the study, with a median age of 34 (interquartile range IQR: 29–39) years. The overall prevalence of sleep disorders was 42.6%. The multivariate logistic regression identified an interaction between night flight duration and age on sleep disorders (adjusted odds ratio aOR of the interaction term was 5.85 95% CI: 2.23–15.34 for age ≥ 45 years; 1.96 95% CI:1.01–3.81 for the age group 30–44 years). Longer night flight duration (aOR: 4.55; 95%CI: 1.82–11.38) and body mass index (BMI) ≥28.0 kg/m
2
(aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03–0.91) were significantly associated with sleep disorders in participants aged ≥45 years. Hyperuricemia (aOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09–2.16) and regular exercise (aOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08–0.70) were significantly associated with sleep disorders in the 30–44 years age group.
Conclusion
The mean monthly night flight duration and aging had a synergistic effect on airline pilots’ sleep disorders, implying an aging and work-related mechanistic pathogenesis of sleep disorders in airline pilots that requires additional exploration and intervention.
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