Materials with tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties have wide applications in security signs, anti‐counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields. However, the majority of ...reported tunable LPL materials are pure organic molecules or polymers. Herein, a series of metal‐organic coordination polymers displaying color‐tunable LPL were synthesized by the self‐assembly of HTzPTpy ligand with different cadmium halides (X=Cl, Br, and I). In the solid state, their LPL emission colors can be tuned by the time‐evolution, as well as excitation and temperature variation, realizing multi‐mode dynamic color tuning from green to yellow or green to red, and are the first such examples in single‐component coordination polymer materials. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the modification of LPL is due to the balanced action from single molecule and aggregate triplet excited states caused by an external heavy‐atom effect. The results show that the rational introduction of different halide anions into coordination polymers can realize multi‐color LPL.
By delicate design of coordination polymers incorporating different halogens, multi‐mode color‐tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) from green to yellow or green to red was possible. The LPL emission colors can be tuned by time, excitation, and temperature, revealing the counter‐balanced mechanisms from single‐molecule and aggregate triplet excited states resulting from an external heavy‐atom effect.
The impact caused by the detonation of landmines and improvised explosive devices may directly lead to spine fracture and injury of seated occupants on special vehicles. The vibration transmitted ...from the uneven road surface is another important factor affecting ride comfort/health, on the other hand. Aiming at minimizing the injury to spine and “discomfort” due to the shock and vibration from the terrain or blast, a magnetorheological (MR) energy absorber (EA)–based semi-active seat suspension system for both shock and vibration mitigation is proposed and investigated in this article. The proposed MR semi-active seat suspension system consists of a coil spring supporting the seat and the occupant, a MREA, and a fail-safe EA rod. The dynamic model of the MR semi-active seat suspension system with a 4-degree-of-freedom lumped-parameter model for seated occupant is established. A concept of integrated hybrid controller combining strategies for shock and vibration control is proposed and designed. The hybrid controller employs the skyhook control strategy to achieve vibration control and the “soft-landing” control strategy to achieve shock control, and it switches between the two control strategies according to the system dynamic states. Based on the real-time velocity of the seat, the motion process of the “vehicle-seat-human” system can be pre-judged, and the critical point for switching the two control strategies can be determined. A feedforward control strategy based on a hysteresis model with a resistor-capacitor (RC) operator is proposed and realized to high-efficiently output desired damping force of the hybrid controller from the employed MREA. Sequentially, both ride comfort (i.e. vibration control) and vertical safety (i.e. shock control) of the MR semi-active seat suspension system are analyzed and evaluated under different excitations.
Abstract
A more common and noninvasive predicting biomarker for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody remains to be explored. We assessed 46 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received PD-1 ...antibody immunotherapy and 425-genes next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing. Patients who had a > 25% decline in maximal somatic variant allelic frequency (maxVAF) had a longer progression free survival (PFS) and higher response rate than those who did not (7.3 months vs 3.6 months,
p
= 0.0011; 53.3% vs 13.3%,
p
= 0.06). The median PFS of patients with undetectable and detectable post-treatment circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was 7.4 months vs. 4.9 months (
p
= 0.025). Mutation status of TGFBR2, RHOA, and PREX2 in baseline ctDNA influenced the PFS of immunotherapy (
p
< 0.05). Patients with alterations in CEBPA, FGFR4, MET or KMT2B (
p
= 0.09) gene had greater likelihood of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ctDNA can serve as a potential biomarker of the response to immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancers, and its potential role in predicting irAEs worth further exploration.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the common malignancies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play regulatory roles in cancer progression. CircITGA7 is a circRNA generated from several exons of ITGA7. The ...potential role of circITGA7 in BCa remains unknown and needs to be explored. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to assess circITGA7 and miR‐330‐3p expression in BCa tissues and cell lines. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to evaluate the overall survival of these BCa patients. The biological function of circITGA7 was examined by overexpression of circITGA7 using CCK‐8, EdU, wound‐healing, and Transwell assays. Xenograft assay was performed to further validate the in vitro results. To explore the mechanism of circITGA7, luciferase reporter, RNA pull‐down, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were employed to examine the binding interaction among circITGA7, miR‐330‐3p and kruppel‐like factor 10 (KLF10). Western blot was used to study the protein levels of KLF10.CircITGA7 was downregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines and indicated longer overall survival. Moreover, circITGA7 restricted cell proliferation, migration and invasion of BCa through negatively regulating miR‐330‐3p. The in vivo model showed that circITGA7 influenced the tumor growth. Besides, the overexpression of miR‐330‐3p promoted cell progression by directly targeting KLF10. Mechanistically, circITGA7 inhibited BCa progression by activating KLF10 via targeting miR‐330‐3p.CircITGA7 alleviates BCa cell progression via circITGA7/hsa‐miR‐330‐3p/KLF10 axis, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for BCa.
Cancer occurs when cells acquire genomic instability and inflammation, produce abnormal levels of epigenetic factors/proteins and tumor suppressors, reprogram the energy metabolism and evade immune ...destruction, leading to the disruption of cell cycle/normal growth. An early event in carcinogenesis is loss of polarity and detachment from the natural basement membrane, allowing cells to form distinct three-dimensional (3D) structures that interact with each other and with the surrounding microenvironment. Although valuable information has been accumulated from traditional in vitro studies in which cells are grown on flat and hard plastic surfaces (2D culture), this culture condition does not reflect the essential features of tumor tissues. Further, fundamental understanding of cancer metastasis cannot be obtained readily from 2D studies because they lack the complex and dynamic cell–cell communications and cell–matrix interactions that occur during cancer metastasis. These shortcomings, along with lack of spatial depth and cell connectivity, limit the applicability of 2D cultures to accurate testing of pharmacologically active compounds, free or sequestered in nanoparticles. To recapitulate features of native tumor microenvironments, various biomimetic 3D tumor models have been developed to incorporate cancer and stromal cells, relevant matrix components, and biochemical and biophysical cues, into one spatially and temporally integrated system. In this article, we review recent advances in creating 3D tumor models employing tissue engineering principles. We then evaluate the utilities of these novel models for the testing of anticancer drugs and their delivery systems. We highlight the profound differences in responses from 3D in vitro tumors and conventional monolayer cultures. Overall, strategic integration of biological principles and engineering approaches will both improve understanding of tumor progression and invasion and support discovery of more personalized first line treatments for cancer patients.
A high-efficiency enrichment method is required for determination of trace-level volatile terpenes in fish tissue, since the presence of such compounds in fish at elevated levels may induce bad ...sensory acceptance of fish meat, thus degrading its customer acceptance and consequently, its market value. In this study, a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) arrow configuration using a thick sorbent coating (120 μm, PDMS/CWR) was applied to enrich selected terpenes, namely α-pinene, limonene, linalool, and citronellol, in fish tissue (Oreochromis niloticus). Due to the thicker coating of the SPME arrow, a longer extraction time of 60 min was required to reach equilibrium extraction in comparison to the traditional fiber configuration. SPME conditions such as extraction temperature (60 °C), desorption temperature (250 °C), and salt effect (10% NaCl) were optimized for the developed application using the arrow configuration. The developed method exhibited good linearity at a concentration range of 5.0–500.0 μg L−1 for α-pinene and limonene, and 50.0–500.0 μg L−1 for linalool and citronellol. In addition, the coefficients of determination (R2) for all terpenes ranged from 0.9990 to 0.9999. The developed method was shown to be robust with good inter-day reproducibility in the range of 3.6–8.3%. Method sensitivity was assessed in terms of limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), with higher sensitivity achieved for α-pinene and limonene (LODs of 1.7 μg L−1) in comparison to linalool (LOD, 5.0 μg L−1) and citronellol (LOD, 17.0 μg L−1). Theoretical calculations verified that the increased coating thickness afforded by the arrow configuration can enable higher method sensitivity and widen the range of detected compounds for the headspace SPME.
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•SPME arrow system was successfully applied for off-flavor compounds determination.•SPME arrow-GC-MS presents higher sensitivity than conventional SPME fiber.•The theoretical calculation elucidates the key factors for HS-SPME arrow.•The arrow coupled with GC-MS can sensitively determine terpenes compounds in fish samples.
Safety is the foremost concern for autonomous platooning. The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication delays and the sudden appearance of obstacles will trigger the safety of the intended ...functionality (SOTIF) issues for autonomous platooning. This research proposes a holistic robust motion controller framework (MCF) for an intelligent and connected vehicle platoon system. The MCF utilizes a hierarchical structure to resolve the longitudinal string stability and the lateral control problem under the complex driving environment and time-varying communication delays. Firstly, the H-infinity feedback controller is developed to ensure the robustness of the platoon under time-varying communication delay in the upper-level coordination layer (UCL). The output from UCL will be delivered to the lower-level motion-planning layer (LML) as reference signals. Secondly, the model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is implemented in the LML to achieve multi-objective control, which comprehensively considers the reference signals, the artificial potential field, and multiple vehicle dynamics constraints. Furthermore, three critical scenarios are co-simulated for case studies, including platooning under time-varying communication delay, merging, and obstacle avoidance scenarios. The simulation results indicate that, compared with single-structure MPC, the proposed MCF can offer a better suppression on position error propagation, and get improvements on maximum position error in the three scenarios by 19.2%, 59.8%, and 15.3%, respectively. Lastly, the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed MCF are verified via the hardware-in-the-loop experiment. The average conducting time of the proposed method on the Speedgoat real-time target machine is 1.1 milliseconds, which meets the real-time requirements.
•Essence of hysteretic behavior of MR dampers lies in damping force-displacement loop.•An RC operator-based hysteresis model for MR dampers is investigated.•New model improves computational ...efficiency by nearly 100% as compared with existing ones.
Aiming at efficiently and precisely describing and predicting the rate-independent nonlinear hysteresis characteristics of magnetorheological (MR) dampers, this paper investigates a resistor-capacitor (RC) operator-based hysteresis model for MR dampers. The model is under the frame of the “restructured model” proposed by Bai et al. (“Principle and validation of modified hysteretic models for magnetorheological dampers,” Smart Materials and Structures, 24(8), 085014, 2015) with the RC operator substituting the Bouc-Wen operator. The essence of the RC operator is the theoretical generalization of the hysteresis phenomenon that the RC circuit presents in charging and discharging processes. In detail, a virtual displacement variable and updating laws for reference points are employed. The virtual displacement keeps positive in uploading (i.e., RC circuit in charging process) while negative in downloading (i.e., RC circuit in discharging process). The hysteresis output is achieved through applying algebraic expressions, which realizes the RC operator. Based on the experimental results of a MR damper, the comparison and analysis of the RC operator-based model and the Bouc-Wen operator-based hysteresis models, including the Bouc-Wen model and the restructured model, are conducted.
Herein, CO oxidation on Ni-doped graphene (Ni-Gr) is investigated by first-principle calculations. The strong binding energy (−7.57 eV) of the Ni atom at a single vacancy in graphene and high energy ...barrier (3.41 eV) for Ni atom mobility in graphene suggest that graphene is stable even after Ni doping, which avoids the problem of metal clustering. The stronger binding interaction between Ni-Gr and O
2
than that between Ni-Gr and CO can prevent CO poisoning to Ni-Gr. To explore the catalytic effect of CO oxidation on Ni-Gr, both the Eley-Rideal (ER) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) mechanisms are investigated. The overall energy barrier at 0 K for the LH and ER mechanisms is 0.63 and 0.77 eV, respectively. At 298.15 K, the overall energy barrier for the LH mechanism decreases to 0.58 eV, whereas that for the ER mechanism increases to 0.88 eV, which implies that CO oxidation on Ni-Gr prefers to proceed
via
the LH mechanism kinetically. Our results show that the studied system, Ni-Gr, has chemical stability against metal clustering and CO poisoning, and it is a promising catalyst for CO oxidation at mild temperatures. This study provides a good theoretical guideline for the development of Ni-Gr based CO oxidation catalysts.
Theoretical investigations predict that Ni-doped graphene is a promising catalyst for CO oxidation at mild temperatures.
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, particularly because of its high mortality rate in patients who are diagnosed at late stages. Conventional biomarkers originating from blood are widely ...used for cancer diagnosis, but their low sensitivity and specificity limit their widespread application in cancer screening among the general population. Currently, emerging studies are exploiting novel, highly-accurate biomarkers in human body fluids that are obtainable through minimally invasive techniques, which is defined as liquid biopsy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of noncoding RNAs generated mainly by pre-mRNA splicing. Following the rapid development of high-throughput transcriptome analysis techniques, numerous circRNAs have been recognized to exist stably and at high levels in body fluids, including plasma, serum, exosomes, and urine. CircRNA expression patterns exhibit distinctly differences between patients with cancer and healthy controls, suggesting that circRNAs in body fluids potentially represent novel biomarkers for monitoring cancer development and progression. In this study, we summarized the expression of circRNAs in body fluids in a pan-cancer dataset and characterized their clinical applications in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, a user-friendly web interface was developed to visualize each circRNA in fluids ( https://mulongdu.shinyapps.io/circrnas_in_fluids/ ).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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