During terahertz (THz) non-destructive testing (NDT), multiple echoes from the sample interface reflection signals are mixed with the detection signals, resulting in signal distortion and affecting ...the accuracy of the THz NDT results. Combined with the frequency property of multiple echoes, an improved wavelet multi-scale analysis is put forth in this paper to correct multiple echoes, allowing the maximum retention of detailed signal information in contrast with the existing echo correction methods. The results showed that the improved wavelet multi-scale analysis enhanced the continuity and smoothness of the image at least twice in testing adhesive layer thickness, prevented missing judgments and misjudgments in identifying characteristic defects, and ensured accurate detection results. Hence, it is of great significance for evaluating the THz NDT results.
The interface-debonding defects of adhesive bonding structures may cause a reduction in bonding strength, which in turn affects the bonding quality of adhesive bonding samples. Hence, defect ...recognition in adhesive bonding structures is particularly important. In this study, a terahertz (THz) wave was used to analyze bonded structure samples, and a multi-feature fusion convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to identify the defect waveforms. The pooling method of the squeeze-and-excitation (SE) attention mechanism was optimized, defect feature weights were adaptively assigned, and feature fusion was conducted using automatic label net-works to segment the THz waveforms in the adhesive bonding area with fine granularity waveforms as an input to the multi-channel CNN. The results revealed that the speed of the THz waveform labeling with the automatic labeling network was 10 times higher than that with traditional methods, and the defect-recognition accuracy of the defect-recognition network constructed in this study was up to 99.28%. The F1-score was 99.73%, and the lowest pre-embedded defect recognition error rate of the generalization experiment samples was 0.27%.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly malignant and heterogeneous form of lung cancer and involves various oncogene alterations. Glycolysis, an important step in tumor metabolism, is ...closely related to cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the biological function and mechanism of action of Gankyrin in glycolysis and its association with NSCLC. Analyzed of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as NSCLC specimens and adjacent tissues demonstrated that Gankyrin expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Gankyrin was found to significantly aggravate cancer-related phenotypes, including cell viability, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas Gankyrin silencing alleviated the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Our results reveal that Gankyrin exerted its function by regulating YAP1 expression and increasing its nuclear translocation. Importantly, YAP1 actuates glycolysis, which involves glucose uptake, lactic acid production, and ATP generation and thus might contribute to the tumorigenic effect of Gankyrin. Furthermore, the Gankyrin-accelerated glycolysis in NSCLC cells was reversed by YAP1 deficiency. Gankyrin knockdown reduced A549 cell tumorigenesis and EMT and decreased YAP1 expression in a subcutaneous xenograft nude mouse model. In conclusion, both Gankyrin and YAP1 play important roles in tumor metabolism, and Gankyrin-targeted inhibition may be a potential anti-cancer therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Abstract Background Apelin, an endogenous ligand of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), is a secreted peptide involved in the development of various tumors. However, the relationship between apelin ...and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not quite clear. This study was designed to investigate the effect and mechanism of apelin on cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Methods Twelve NSCLC specimens were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry analyses. Cell proliferation was examined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell migration and invasion were assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays. The subcellular location of yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) in A549 cells was determined by immunofluorescence. The mRNA and protein levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Apelin was upregulated in tumor tissues compared with the adjacent tissues. Apelin promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 and H460 cells, which was reversed by competitive apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist ML221. Additionally, apelin upregulated YAP1 expression, whereas silence of YAP1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated apelin-induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression. Conclusion Apelin promotes NSCLC cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by modulating YAP1 and might be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
We apply the Fabry–Pérot (FP) scanning interferometer, which is normally used for continuous wave (CW) laser linewidth measurement, for the measurement of pulsed laser linewidths. We analyze the ...response of the FP interferometer to continuous and pulsed lasers, also different detectors and suitable oscilloscope test parameters being selected for the measurement. For low-speed detectors, we set our oscilloscope to 1-MΩ impedance matching in the sampling mode. For high-speed detectors, we use the same oscilloscope test parameters or 50-Ω impedance matching with the peak-detection mode. With our setup, we achieve on-line linewidth measurement of a nanosecond pulsed laser for single-longitudinal and multi-longitudinal modes. Meanwhile, the linewidth measurement at different pulse repetition rates as low as 1Hz is also demonstrated. The possibility of detecting the linewidth for pulse widths larger than 100ps in the 1-μm band is discussed. The application range of the FP scanning interferometer is thus extended to the measurement of pulsed laser linewidths.
This study proposes a combined axicon (CA) design method based on a structural parameter optimization algorithm designed to rapidly address the demands of practical application scenarios, precisely ...tailor structural parameters, and produce high-quality Bessel beams (HQ-QBBs) that satisfy specific requirements. Compared to generating an HQ–QBB using an axicon, our method effectively overcomes the shortcomings of fewer tunable factors, a large number of high-energy side-lobes, and limited non-diffractive regions. Through detailed analyses of the transmission characteristics, imaging characteristics, and thick-sample detection ability of the generated HQ-QBB, the significant advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated. The proposed method is not only relevant to current research but also demonstrates wide-ranging application potential in future lens designs.
Optical delay line (ODL) plays a crucial role in various detection techniques such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), and optical pump detection. This article proposes a novel ...multi-mirror array optical delay line (MMAODL) structure suitable for THz-TDS systems, which consists of a laser collimator, a rotating disk, a multi mirror array, a pyramid prism, and a plane mirror. Based on the principle of ray tracing, a theoretical mathematical model of MMAODL was constructed. Combined with simulation, the working angle of MMAODL was obtained to be 13 deg, and the theoretical delay time was 228.71 ps. Using the THz TDS system, the actual time length of the 8-cycle MMAODL structure, calibrated by the FP standard, was tested and demonstrated to be 228.47 ps, and the time-domain error of the collected signal was found to be approximately 0.014 ps. When an 8-cycle MMAODL is combined with a 4000-rpm motor, the theoretical waveform reproduction rate can reach 533 Hz, which simultaneously meets the requirements of a THz-TDS system for long delay time and high scanning frequency.
The Bessel beam, owing to its unique properties (keeping the intensity distribution unchanged during transmission, focusing energy on the central spot, self-reconstruction, etc.), has received ...extensive attention. In this study, a new type of combined axicon (CA) is designed that can generate a high-quality zero-order terahertz quasi-Bessel beam. The simulation and experimental results show that the quasi-Bessel beam generated by the CA has an obvious projection distance and sidelobe suppression effect. And the projection distance, length of the non-diffracting region, and sidelobe-suppression ratio of the beam can be modulated as required, which is not possible with ordinary axicon. The CA consists of a local negative axicon tightly bonded to an ordinary axicon. The quasi-Bessel beam generated by the CA exhibits enhanced intensity on the central axis. The influence of different parameters has been investigated, and the results have been explained using geometric optical. We believe that this element has broad application prospects in non-destructive testing, laser cutting, and microscopic imaging.
Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) cause homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients harbouring HRD beyond BRCA1/2 mutation result in a state referred to as ..."BRCAness". OvCa with BRCAness could benefit from PARP inhibitors. This study aims to identify a signature to detect the BRCAness population at the transcriptome level.
We used a rank-based algorithm to develop a qualitative BRCAness signature for OvCa. Upregulation of CXCL1 with downregulation of SV2A and upregulation of LY9 with downregulation of CHRNB3 were constructed as the BRCAness signature (2 gene pairs, 2-GPS) for OvCa.
OvCa samples that were classified as BRCAness by 2-GPS showed improved overall survival, progression-free survival and exhibited increased multi-omics alterations in homologous recombination genes and enhanced sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade. BRCAness cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitors. By biological experiments, we validated SKOV3 cells and patients with HRD exhibited higher expression of CXCL1 than SV2A and higher expression of LY9 than CHRNB3 at mRNA level. Both SKOV3 and A2780 with HRD were sensitive to mitomycin C, cisplatin and olaparib.
In conclusion, 2-GPS could robustly predict BRCAness OvCa at the individual level and extend the population who may benefit from PARP inhibitors.
•A new idea for terahertz signal preprocessing is provided.•Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the penalty factor and decomposition number parameters of the variational modal ...decomposition.•The method can eliminate F-P effect without reference and thickness measurement.•It can realize adaptive elimination of F-P effect of different materials.
An improved variational modal decomposition method is proposed in this study which selects the penalty factor and decomposition number of the variational modal decomposition based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. After separating the real and imaginary parts of the spectrum, the standard deviations of the real and imaginary parts of the modal envelope are calculated. The mean of standard deviation is used as the adaptive threshold. This method can eliminate the F-P effect better than the traditional filtering method. Therefore, this method is more suitable for extracting the optical parameters of different materials and provides a new idea for terahertz signal preprocessing.
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