Despite the extensive studies on rejection of large molecular dyes by nanofiltration (NF), their small molecular weight intermediates have got limited concern. Taking reactive black 5 (RB-5) as an ...example, the separation behaviors of the dye, the intermediate (H-acid) and salts (NaCl) were investigated by preparing two types of NF membranes featuring different charge and pore structural properties. It was found that optimum selectivity could be achieved by the combined effects between aperture sieving and Donnan repulsion. Both membranes possess reasonable long-term stability and more than 95% rejection of large molecular RB-5. But they feature complicated and different rejective behavior for H-acid with small Mw in different aqueous environment, such as different solute concentration and different pH value for feed solution. The results indicate that (1) small pore size of M-PEI may be the dominant factor for high retention of H-acid; (2) highly selective separation of dye intermediate and sodium chloride may be achieved at high pH with positively charged membranes. This study may provide insightful guidelines for developing next-generation NF membranes for treating textile wastewater with complex compositions.
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•The understanding of nanofiltration membranes for high removal of dye intermediate is expanded.•Optimum selectivity achieved by combined effects of aperture sieving and Donnan repulsion.•Small pore size may be the dominant factor for high retention of H-acid.•High selectivity of H-acid and NaCl may be achieved at high pH with positively charged membranes.
Objectives
The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (ATN) framework has conceptualized the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum as a continuum of disease with evidence of amyloid‐related pathologies ...independent of clinical manifestation. Based on this framework, it is necessary to reveal the distribution and risk factors of AD continuum in the cognitively intact population among different cohorts and races, including the northern Chinese Han population.
Methods
This study classified cognitively intact Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) participants through the AT(N) scheme. Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the cutoff values of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which distinguished AD continuum ( A + T−N−, A + T + N−, A + T−N + and A + T + N +) from 1,005 participants (mean age 61 years; 40% female). Multivariable logistic regressions and Cochran–Armitage trend tests were used to test neuropsychological performance and risk factors for AD continuum.
Results
Approximately one‐third of individuals (33.7%) belonged to the AD continuum. Four potential modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, thyroid diseases, social isolation, and minimal depression symptoms, were identified for the AD continuum (OR ranging 1.68–6.90). A trend toward higher prevalence of the AD continuum was associated with a larger number of risk factors (p for trend <0.0001). The risk of AD continuum increased by approximately twofold for each additional modifiable risk factor (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.65–2.24, p < 0.0001).
Interpretation
This study revealed the distribution and potential risk factors of the AD continuum in a cognitively intact Han population in northern China, which filled the gap in the area about the performance of the AT(N) framework in the Asian population. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:439–450
Controversies persist regarding the association between blood pressure (BP) and the risks of cognitive impairment and dementia due to inconsistent definitions of BP exposure and varying population ...characteristics. Here, we searched PubMed and performed a meta-analysis of the influence of BP exposure on the risks of cognitive disorders in prospective studies. Dose-response analyses were performed to illustrate the existence of linear/nonlinear relationships. The credibility of each meta-analysis was evaluated according to the risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision. Of the 31 628 citations, 209 were included in our systematic review, among which 136 were eligible for the meta-analysis. Overall, stronger associations were found in midlife than late-life. Moderate-quality evidence indicated that midlife hypertension was related to a 1.19- to 1.55-fold excess risk of cognitive disorders. Dose-response analyses of 5 studies indicated that midlife systolic BP >130 mm Hg was associated with an increased risk of cognitive disorders. With regard to BP exposure in late-life, high systolic BP, low diastolic BP, excessive BP variability, and orthostatic hypotension were all associated with an increased dementia risk. Encouragingly, the use of antihypertensive medications exhibited a 21% reduction in dementia risk. The U-shaped dose-response curve indicated that the protective window of diastolic BP level was between 90 and 100 mm Hg for low risk of Alzheimer disease. The relationships between BP variables and cognitive disorders are age- and BP type-dependent. Antihypertensive medications were associated with a reduced risk of dementia. However, the optimal dose, duration, and type for preventing cognitive disorders warrant further investigation.
•Blood Aβ42, Aβ40 and Aβ ratio using IMR technique have great AD diagnostic values.•Blood T-tau and P-tau 181 were increased from controls to aMCI to AD patients.•Blood NfL were increased from ...controls to aMCI patients to AD patients.•Blood platelet AβPPr were decreased from controls to aMCI patients to AD patients.
The development of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology as tools for screening the general population is essential, but persists controversies. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AD core pathological biomarkers on blood, and systematical searched Embase, PubMed and Cochrane for eligible studies. Biomarker performance was rated by random-effects meta-analysis based on the ratio of means method and multivariable-adjusted effect estimates. Finally, 150 articles were included, which demonstrated T-tau (average ratio: 1.25–1.62), P-tau 181 (1.36–2.16) and NfL (1.24–1.86) were increased, and AβPPr (0.65−0.88) were decreased from controls to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to AD. Furthermore, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and P-tau 217 using ultrasensitive platforms also had great diagnostic accuracy from controls to aMCI to AD. Consequently, significantly changes of blood AD core biomarkers were verified in comparison between AD, aMCI and control, supporting biomarkers were strongly valid in identifying AD and aMCI, which provides a new prospect of AD early diagnosis and progressive monitoring. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020191927.
SUMMARY
Ovules are female reproductive organs of angiosperms, consisting of sporophytic integuments surrounding female gametophytes, that is, embryo sacs. Synchronization between integument growth ...and embryo sac development requires intracellular communication. However, signaling routes through which cells of the two generations communicate are unclear. We report that symplastic signals through plasmodesmata (PDs) of integuments are critical for the development of female gametophytes. Genetic interferences of PD biogenesis either by functional loss of CHOLINE TRANSPORTER‐LIKE1 (CTL1) or by integument‐specific expression of a mutated CALLOSE SYNTHASE 3 (cals3m) compromised PD formation in integuments and reduced fertility. Close examination of pINO:cals3m or ctl1 ovules indicated that female gametophytic development was either arrested at various stages after the formation of functional megaspores. In both cases, defective ovules could not attract pollen tubes, leading to the failure of fertilization. Results presented here demonstrate a key role of the symplastic route in sporophytic control of female gametophytic development.
Significance Statement
By examining a mutant defective in plasmadesmata (PDs) formation and by genetically interfering with PD formation specifically in integuments, this study demonstrates a key role of PD in integument‐mediated female gametophytic development, implying the involvement of syplasmic transport in this process.
In this paper, a novel platform for simultaneous measurement of relative humidity (RH) and temperature using dual Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) based on C-shaped fiber was demonstrated. The ...sensor was composed by splicing two sections of C-shaped fiber between single mode fiber (SMF). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are filled in the two sections of C-shaped fibers to increase sensitivity to temperature and RH. This is the first demonstration that solid polymer materials can be added to the C-shaped fiber interferometers for sensing. In our experiment, RH sensitivities of -0.128 nm/%RH and 0.038 nm/%RH in the range of 20%RH to 45%RH, and temperature sensitivities of 0.022 nm/°C and -0.722 nm/°C in the temperature range of 15 °C to 45°C, were acquired for dual FPIs, respectively. We verified that it is possible to use the sensitivity matrix method to measure two parameters simultaneously. In addition, it has the benefits of simple structure, excellent stability and high sensitivity, and has a broad application prospect in agriculture, food processing and environmental measurement.
Summary
Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone widely used in malaria treatment, was discovered in the medicinal plant Artemisia annua. The biosynthesis of artemisinin is efficiently regulated by ...jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) via regulatory factors. However, the mechanisms linking JA and ABA signalling with artemisinin biosynthesis through an associated regulatory network of downstream transcription factors (TFs) remain enigmatic. Here we report AaTCP15, a JA and ABA dual‐responsive teosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating (TCP) TF, which is essential for JA and ABA‐induced artemisinin biosynthesis by directly binding to and activating the promoters of DBR2 and ALDH1, two genes encoding enzymes for artemisinin biosynthesis. Furthermore, AaORA, another positive regulator of artemisinin biosynthesis responds to JA and ABA, interacts with and enhances the transactivation activity of AaTCP15 and simultaneously activates AaTCP15 transcripts. Hence, they form an AaORA‐AaTCP15 module to synergistically activate DBR2, a crucial gene for artemisinin biosynthesis. More importantly, AaTCP15 expression is activated by the multiple reported JA and ABA‐responsive TFs that promote artemisinin biosynthesis. Among them, AaGSW1 acts at the nexus of JA and ABA signalling to activate the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway and directly binds to and activates the AaTCP15 promoter apart from the AaORA promoter, which further facilitates formation of the AaGSW1‐AaTCP15/AaORA regulatory module to integrate JA and ABA‐mediated artemisinin biosynthesis. Our results establish a multilayer regulatory network of the AaGSW1‐AaTCP15/AaORA module to regulate artemisinin biosynthesis through JA and ABA signalling, and provide an interesting avenue for future research exploring the special transcriptional regulation module of TCP genes associated with specialized metabolites in plants.
Uncertainties persist about the associations of diabetes with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. We aimed to illuminate these associations from various aspects.
We identified relevant ...prospective studies by searching PubMed up to Jun 2019. Summary relative risks (RR) were estimated using random-effects models. Credibility of each meta-analysis was assessed. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted.
Of 28,082 identified literatures, 144 were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, among which 122 were included in the meta-analysis. Diabetes conferred a 1.25- to 1.91-fold excess risk for cognitive disorders (cognitive impairment and dementia). Subjects with prediabetes also had higher risk for dementia. As for diabetes-related biochemical indicators, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was non-linearly related to cognitive disorders; the elevated levels of 2 -h postload glucose (2h-PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low and high levels of fasting plasma insulin (FPI) were associated with an increased risk of dementia. Encouragingly, the use of pioglitazone exhibited a 47% reduced risk of dementia in diabetic population.
Diabetes, even prediabetes and changes of diabetes-related biochemical indicators, predicted increased incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia. The protective effects of pioglitazone warrant further investigation in randomized trials.
Developing a highly active and low-cost non-precious metal electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution has been urgent for the clean energy system. Herein, the ternary metal sulfides MoCoNiS supported on ...nickel foam (MoCoNiS/NF) are successfully prepared using Mo doping Co-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) as precursor, which may be helpful for the good dispersion of different metal element. The uniform elements distribution of Mo, Co and Ni on MoCoNiS/NF is determined by all kinds of physical characterization. Mo doping may regulate the electronic environment around Co and Ni, suggesting the potential synergistic effects between different heteroatoms. Electrochemical test shows that MoCoNiS/NF exhibits the excellent OER activity than other single metal or binary metal sulfides as comparison samples, needing only 151 and 226 mV overpotential to achieve current density of 10 (η10 = 151 mV) and 100 mA cm−2 (η100 = 226 mV), respectively. The excellent stability of MoCoNiS/NF has been achieved. The remarkable OER performance of MoCoNiS/NF may due to the synergistic effects and good electrical conductivity as well as the three-dimensional structure of NF as substrate. Therefore, the rational design of MOF derived multi transition metal-based electrocatalysts will be an effective way for increasing OER performance.
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•Ternary MoCoNiS/NF is synthesized using Mo-doping Co-based MOF as precursor.•The synergistic effect and good dispersion of MoCoNiS can be achieved for OER.•MoCoNiS/NF has the superior activity for OER than mono or binary metal sulfides.•MOF derived multi transition metal-based electrocatalysts may be a promising strategy for OER.
•WMHs conferred a 14 % elevated risk of cognitive impairment and ACD.•WMHs increased both AD risk and VaD risk.•Periventricular WMH were related with increased risk of ACD.•The dose-response analysis ...showed a nonlinear association between WMHs and ACD.
White matter hyperintensities of presumed vascular origin (WMH) are one of the imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease. Controversies persist about the effects of WMH on cognitive dysfunction. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the associations of WMH with risks of cognitive impairment and dementia.
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for prospective studies. Primary analyses of cognitive dysfunction and sub-analyses of specific outcomes and study characteristics were conducted using random-effect models.
Thirty-six prospective studies with 19,040 participants were included. WMH at baseline conferred a 14 % elevated risk of cognitive impairment and all-cause dementia (ACD). WMH also conferred 25 % elevated risk of Alzheimer’s disease and 73 % elevated risk of vascular dementia. Risk effects of high-grade WMH and continually increasing WMH (in volume or severity) on ACD were revealed. Periventricular WMH conferred a 1.51-fold excess risk for dementia.
WMH were associated with increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and could become a neuroimaging indicator of dementia.
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