Aluminum (Al) alloys are of particular importance to the aerospace industry owing to the combination of characteristics including strength, ductility, toughness, fatigue life and oxidation resistance ...as a light metal. This is the case of AA 2024 T3 Al alloy. In particular, machining of these alloys has similar importance for productivity and part quality. Recently, the use of nanofluids, which have various advantages in terms of both cooling ability and tribological aspects, has become popular for the efficient machining of such alloys. In this context, guiding data are needed that enable industry and researchers to machine these types of alloys with high efficiency. Taking these into account, in this study, AA 2024 T3 Al alloy was machined and various machinability indicators such as surface roughness, surface topography, maximum temperature and dominant tool wear mechanism under different cooling/lubrication strategies i.e., dry cutting, base fluid minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and mineral oil based MoS2 nanofluid MQL (NFMQL) were investigated. As a results, significant improvements have been achieved in surface roughness, surface topography, and maximum temperature with help of NFMQL application. The intensive built-up edge (BUE) and built-up layer (BUL) formations are produced on the cutting tool when machining AA 2024 T3 Al alloy under dry cutting. On the other hand, BUE formation has been significantly eliminated thanks to NFMQL. Moreover, a less damaged cutting edge was obtained when machining Al alloy under NFMQL compared to both dry cutting and MQL environments.
Alerjik rinit solunum yolu alerjenlerine karşı geliştirilen özgül (spesifik) immünoglobülin (Ig)E aracılı bir reaksiyondur. Alerjik rinitte ana semptomlar hapşırık, burun akıntısı, burun tıkanıklığı, ...burunda, gözde ve damakta kaşıntıdır. Yıllar içinde alerjene maruz bırakılan insan ve hayvan modellerinde nazal biyopsi ve lavajların ardışık alınması ile hastalığın tüm aşamalarında bulunan hücreler, sitokinler, yüzey markerleri, transkripsiyon faktörleri ve diğer mediatörler ortaya konulmuş ve konulmaktadır. Solunum alerjeni, interlökin (IL)-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10 ve IL-13 sitokin kombinasyonuyla birlikte Th2 lenfosit proliferasyonunu uyarır. Bu moleküller alerjen spesifik IgE, mast hücresi, bazofil, eozinofil, adezyon molekülleri ve kemokinleri uyarmaktadır. Bu derlemede alerjik rinitteki immünolojik mekanizmalar, güncel literatür taranarak yeniden incelenmiştir.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpressing subtype is related to poor prognosis with an aggressive phenotype and is reported ...as one of the most commonly seen subtypes. Trastuzumab is prevalently used as a treatment method for HER2+ breast cancer however, resistance to the drug frequently occurs following the treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-23 nucleotide long small RNAs, which regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level and studies show that there are differentially expressed miRNAs between drug sensitive and resistant groups, indicating that they might have some key roles in drug effectiveness. In this study, the aim is to find out the role of miR-216b-5p in trastuzumab resistance. SK-BR-3 cells developed resistance to trastuzumab after continuous treatment with increasing concentrations of the drug for 6 months. To investigate the effect of miR-216b-5p on cancer cell behavior in resistance state, proliferation, motility, and invasion capacities of these resistant cells were analyzed by xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer. To further understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of resistant SK-BR-3 cells by miR-216b-5p, microarray analysis was performed. Apoptosis analysis was also performed since the pathway enrichment analysis pointed out cell death related pathways. The proliferation, motility, and invasion capacities of the miR-216b-5p transfected resistant cells were diminished compared to sensitive cells. We identified the necroptosis signaling pathway as the result of microarray and pathway enrichment analyses.
were validated as the significant elements of the pathway, which are also the putative targets of miR-216b-5p. Our apoptosis analysis showed that a significant amount of trastuzumab resistant SK-BR-3 cells entered to late apoptosis/necrosis stage upon miR-216b-5p overexpression, it could be concluded that reexpression of miR-216b-5p sensitizes trastuzumab resistance through necroptosis in breast cancer.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Spondyloenchondrodysplasia (SPENCD) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic mutations in the ACP5 gene that encodes tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The ...extra-osseous phenotype of SPENCD is extremely pleiotropic and is characterized by neurological impairment and immune dysfunction. This phenotype can mimic systemic lupus erythematosus. Herein, we report a child presented with systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms, including multisystem inflammation, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, but was subsequently diagnosed as SPENCD.
Abstract Objectives Systemic conditions may affect host susceptibility, disease progression and severity as well as treatment response. Previously, low oestrogen (E2 ) levels were associated with ...increased bone resorption, due to increased osteoclastogenesis and decreased osteoclast apoptosis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an essential cytokine for osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) OPG levels in menopausal and premenopausal patients with or without periodontitis, and effects of phase I periodontal therapy on GCF OPG levels. Methods Forty-four systemically healthy premenopausal and menopausal patients were recruited and divided into subgroups of periodontitis and control. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum E2 levels were measured. Before and after phase I periodontal therapy clinical indices, including clinical attachment levels (CAL) were recorded, and GCF samples were collected. GCF OPG levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeated measurement ANOVA and Spearman correlation tests were used. Results All clinical indices improved significantly after treatment( p < 0.001), except Pre-M/C groups CAL reduction( p > 0.05). Periodontitis groups’ OPG levels were lower than gingivitis groups( p > 0.05). Following periodontal phase I therapy, GCF OPG levels increased markedly in all groups, however this alteration was found statistically insignificant ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The current data revealed that GCF OPG levels were lower in periodontitis patients and phase I therapy resulted with increased GCF OPG levels, however those alterations were statistically insignificant. In addition, present data suggested that menopause do not seem to have a significant effect on periodontal status or response to phase I treatment, within the limits of this study.
The etiology of autism is unclear, however autism is considered as a multifactorial disorder that is influenced by neurological, environmental, immunological and genetic factors. Growth factors, ...including epidermal growth factor (EGF), play an important role in the celluler proliferation and the differentiation of the central and peripheral nervous system. In this study we hypothesized that EGF may play a role in the pathophysiology of autism and examined serum EGF levels in children with autism. We measured serum levels of EGF in the 27 autistic children and 28 age- matched normal controls. The serum levels of EGF in the subjects with autism were significantly higher than those of normal control subjects. However, there were no correlations between serum EGF levels and clinical variables in the subjects with autism. This is the first report demonstrating the increased serum levels of EGF in children with autism. This study suggests that increased levels of EGF might have an importance in the pathophysiology of autism.
Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) ± sub‐antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ...‐1, ‐8, ‐13 and on serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (HsCRP) and lipid fractions in patients with both chronic periodontitis (CP) and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Material and Methods: Thirty‐six patients were randomly distributed into two groups (Placebo or SDD; 6 weeks) and both received two regimens of SRP. At baseline and 6 weeks, GCF and blood were collected and clinical indices were recorded. MMPs, HsCRP and lipid fractions were assayed.
Results: There were statistically significant improvements for all clinical parameters, GCF volumes, GCF MMPs and serum levels of HsCRP, apolipoprotein‐A (APO‐A), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and lipoprotein‐a between pre‐ and post‐treatment in both groups. Between groups, there were statistically significant greater improvements in pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI), APO‐A and HDL, favouring the group receiving SDD adjunctive to SRP (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Greater improvement was detected for PD and GI, and for serum levels of APO‐A and HDL cholesterol when using SRP+SDD compared with SRP+placebo in this study. An investigation with larger numbers of patients and a longer duration of drug treatment is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (PAI-2) in ...aggressive periodontitis (AgP), chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy control subjects, before (BT) and after (AT) the non-surgical periodontal treatment. Design Systemically healthy 12 CP and 13 AgP patients and 20 control subjects were included in this study. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment levels were recorded and GCF samples were collected BT and AT. Assays for GCF t-PA and PAI-2 levels were carried out by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The χ2 , Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for data analyses. Results Statistically significant reductions in clinical index scores were noted in both periodontitis groups after treatment. No significant differences were detected in GCF levels of t-PA and PAI-2 between CP and AgP groups at either BT or AT. There was a statistically significant decrease in GCF PAI-2 levels in CP after therapy ( p < 0.01). GCF t-PA levels in CP and AgP groups exhibited significant correlations with PD and CAL measurements at both BT and AT ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Significant decrease was detected for GCF PAI-2 levels in CP and clinical parameters in both CP and AgP by non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Dijital dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte ortaya çıkan güçlü teknolojilerden birisi olan yapay zekaya ilişkin faydalar ve güçlükler beraberinde yoğun bir tartışma başlatmıştır. Yapay zekâ, temel olarak ...düşünme ve öğrenme yeteneğine sahip akıllı sistemler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ekonomik büyümeye ve her ülkenin ulusal gelişimine aktif katkı sağlayabilecek olan yapay zekâ teknolojisi, günümüzde derin öğrenme, makine öğrenimi, doğal dil işleme, konuşma tanıma, bilgisayar görüşü, nöral ağ modeli gibi çeşitli teknikleri kapsayan bir şemsiye kavram olarak incelenmektedir. Yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe kullanımı ise sağlık, ulaşım, güvenlik, karar destek sistemleri gibi farklı alanlarda ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe kullanımı, insan gücüne dayalı olarak yapılan işlerin sayısını azaltarak bunları toplanan verilerin analizi üzerinden gerçekleştirmekte, maliyet tasarrufu sağlayarak verimlilik ve yolsuzluğun azaltılması gibi birçok faydayı beraberinde getirmektedir. Ancak yapay zekâ tarafından toplanan verilerin güvenliğinin sağlanması, hukuki açıdan korunması ve idari karar verme süreçlerinde bu teknolojinin kullanımı kamusal yönetişimin temel ilkeleriyle örtüşmesi noktasında mevcut yasal düzenlemelerin yeterliliği açısından tartışmaya açıktır. Çalışmada yapay zekanın kamu sektöründe farklı alanlarda kullanımı bazı ülke örnekleri çerçevesinde incelenerek, bu kullanım süreçlerinin etkinlik, hesap verebilirlik, şeffaflık, eşitlik gibi temel kamusal değerlerle uyumu değerlendirilecektir.
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