IntroductionChronic heart failure causes serious mental problems in the life of the patient and caregiver due to symptoms and repeated hospitalizations.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to ...investigate the levels of depression and interdependence in caregivers of patients with chronic heart failure and to examine the relationship of the patient’s depression level with caregiver depression and co-dependence scores.MethodsThe sample of the research, which is descriptive and relationship seeking, consists of 219 volunteer patients with chronic heart failure and caregivers who meet the research criteria. The data were collected using Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Scale and Co-Dependency Assessment Tool, and were evaluated with descriptive statistical analyzes, Kolmogorow-Smirnov, student-t, oneway ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and Mann Whitney U Test.ResultsThe average age of caregivers was 47.36 ± 12.46 and 60.3% were women. The average age of the patients is 60.70 ± 16.30 and 57.1% are male. Depression was found in 85.8% of patients according to the Beck depression scale score. The presence of depression in the patient and the total depression score of the caregiver (p <0.001), total co-dependency score (p <0.001), self-value (p = 0.001), medical problem (p <0.001) and self neglect (p = 0.005) subscale scores were higher than those who did not have depression. Co-dependence and depression scores are related in caregivers (r=0.367).ConclusionsThere was a positive and significant correlation between the depression levels of the patients and caregivers and the codependence levels of the caregivers, and according to the presence of depression, the mean scores of co-dependence in the caregiver differ.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A new Schiff base compound, (
E
)-2-(2-bromophenylimino)methyl-4,6-dichloro-3-methoxyphenol, was obtained from the condensation reaction of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde and ...2-bromoaniline in ethanol. Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that the planarity in 3D molecular structure with 5.2° between the two aromatic rings and the crystal packing pattern which is formed by weak intermolecular C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π⋯π interactions. Geometry optimizations with Gaussian and Slater-type basis sets revealed the molecule′s planarity to be significantly distorted at 40.2°. Fingerprint plots and energy frameworks were generated using the Hirshfeld surface analysis approach to better comprehend crystal packing and show the quantity of intermolecular interaction energies. To confirm the suitability of the chosen computational methods, root mean square errors in bond lengths and angles were calculated for the two calculated structures and the experimental structure. Intramolecular charge transfer effects on the molecule have been investigated with the scan and NBO calculations using Gaussian-type basis sets, which were time-saving basis sets in the geometry optimizations. Using experimental FTIR/UV spectra and calculated ones, molecular electronic configuration outlined in solid-state and solvent media. Molecular docking studies were carried out to examine the compound′s potential inhibitory activities against
h
MAOB protein, and binding energy was found as –8.84 kcal/mol.
In laying hens, a diet supplemented with tryptophan (Trp) has been shown to affect their pecking behavior. However, unlike this positive effect, Trp is also involved in negative effects on behavior ...and stress through indolic pathways. Indole production can be reduced by probiotics (Pro), thus we hypothesized that Pro may prevent negative effects of Trp and increase beneficial effects on behavior in birds. Combined effects of Pro and Trp were also expected. To investigate the effects on behavior in birds of supplementing with a high level of Trp with or without Pro, Japanese quail were used because their behavior can be influenced by Pediococcus acidilactici, and they can be highly aggressive. Quails (n = 120) were assigned to 4 groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design for 55 d: C-C (control diet with usual Trp level, 0.3%; without Pro; n = 30), Trp-C (Trp: 2%; without Pro; n = 30), C-Pro (control diet; with Pro: 1 x 109 CFU/L P. acidilactici in drinking water; n = 30), and Trp-Pro (Trp 2%; with Pro; n = 30). Body weight was measured every week, and different tests were conducted to investigate behavioral characteristics of each quail. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was almost no interaction between Trp and Pro treatments. Tryptophan supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced live weight up to 27 d, whereas Pro treatment had no effect. There was no significant difference between groups for tonic immobility variables (P > 0.05). The birds fed the high Trp diet spent significantly less time in the periphery of the open field than those fed the control diet and moved less in the arena during the social isolation test. Interindividual distances were significantly lower in males fed with Trp 2% than with the control diet, whereas Trp and Pro supplements interacted in females. The treatments did not affect sexual motivation in males. These results indicate that a high level of Trp reduced growth and appeared to enhance emotional reactivity in quails and that supplementing with Pro did not reduce these effects. In conclusion, feeding high Trp for 55 d cannot be recommended as a strategy to improve social behavior unlike effects observed in laying hens.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on the 3-MCPD and glycidyl ester contents during deep-fat frying. Firstly, the potato samples ...were soaked in different concentrations of NaCl and they were fried in sunflower oils containing different concentrations of rosemary extract. Subsequently, repeated frying was carried out with sunflower oil enriched with rosemary extract. The frying oil and the oil extracted from potato samples were analyzed in terms of the contents of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters according to DGF C VI 18 (10) method. The results demonstrated that the content of 3-MCPD and glycidyl esters in frying oil was not significantly affected by different NaCl and rosemary extract concentrations during short term frying; however, the amount of 3-MCPD esters was found to be lower for the potato crisps enriched with rosemary extract during repeated frying cycles.
2-(Alkylsulfanyl)-
N-(pyridin-2-yl) acetamide derivatives were synthesized via amidation reaction of acyl chlorides bearing S atom in the long chain with 2-aminopyridine. Derivatives of isoxazolidine ...and isoxazoline were synthesized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with three different long chain alkenes containing O or S as hetero atoms and
C,
N-diphenyl nitrone or benzonitrile-
N-oxide, respectively. Synthesized compounds were characterized with their FT-IR,
1H NMR spectra and then their physical properties and corrosion prevention efficiencies were investigated. All compounds were tested with steel coupons in acidic medium by gravimetric method, and also some of them were tested with steel stripe in paraffin based mineral oil medium via standard method. Acidic test was done with a medium concentration of 2
M HCl for 20
h at room temperature. Mineral oil was used and the test in this medium was done at 60
°C constant temperature but varying time from 42 to 63
h. The best inhibition was generally obtained at 50
ppm inhibitor concentration in the acidic medium. All tested inhibitors except two of them in oil medium also showed promising inhibition efficiencies.
We present a detailed analysis of the inner mass structure of the Cosmic Horseshoe (J1148+1930) strong gravitational lens system observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 ...(WFC3). In addition to the spectacular Einstein ring, this systems shows a radial arc. We obtained the redshift of the radial arc counterimage zs, r = 1.961 ± 0.001 from Gemini observations. To disentangle the dark and luminous matter, we considered three different profiles for the dark matter (DM) distribution: a power law profile, the Navarro, Frenk, and White (NFW) profile, and a generalized version of the NFW profile. For the luminous matter distribution, we based the model on the observed light distribution that is fitted with three components: a point mass for the central light component resembling an active galactic nucleus, and the remaining two extended light components scaled by a constant mass-to-light ratio (M/L). To constrain the model further, we included published velocity dispersion measurements of the lens galaxy and performed a self-consistent lensing and axisymmetric Jeans dynamical modeling. Our model fits well to the observations including the radial arc, independent of the DM profile. Depending on the DM profile, we get a DM fraction between 60% and 70%. With our composite mass model we find that the radial arc helps to constrain the inner DM distribution of the Cosmic Horseshoe independently of the DM profile.
Thermal wave propagation and efficiency analysis of thin axially symmetric functionally graded annular fins with a fixed base boundary condition are examined. All material properties are graded along ...the radial direction using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme to design a realistic and physically meaningful graded material model and create a smooth distribution of elastic and thermal material properties. The novelty of this research is handling a more realistic annular fin, which has sufficient strength in practice and significantly reduces weight, using two different metal materials with the elasticity-based Mori-Tanaka model. These conditions result in two-point linear boundary value problems that are numerically solved by the pseudospectral Chebyshev method. The temperature distributions, thermal stresses and the efficiency in the functionally graded annular fin are compared with fins made of steel only and aluminium only.
Current yeast interactome network maps contain several hundred molecular complexes with limited and somewhat controversial representation of direct binary interactions. We carried out a comparative ...quality assessment of current yeast interactome data sets, demonstrating that high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening provides high-quality binary interaction information. Because a large fraction of the yeast binary interactome remains to be mapped, we developed an empirically controlled mapping framework to produce a "second-generation" high-quality, high-throughput Y2H data set covering ~20% of all yeast binary interactions. Both Y2H and affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP/MS) data are of equally high quality but of a fundamentally different and complementary nature, resulting in networks with different topological and biological properties. Compared to co-complex interactome models, this binary map is enriched for transient signaling interactions and intercomplex connections with a highly significant clustering between essential proteins. Rather than correlating with essentiality, protein connectivity correlates with genetic pleiotropy.
Research on hereditary hearing impairment has had several boosts to identify deafness-causing genes. The number of studies regarding the diagnosis and treatment modalities of hereditary hearing ...impairment is enormous and increasing; however, little or no research has been conducted for evaluating the development of scientific output and trends in the field. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of centers that focus their research on hereditary hearing impairment and their scientific output.
Bibliometric analysis of the publications related to hereditary hearing impairment published between 1980 and 2019 were used in this study, which were also indexed in Web of Science database.
The highest number of scientific articles on hereditary hearing impairment came from the United States, and it was also the most cited country. The University of Iowa is a leading center in the domain of hereditary hearing impairment in the world over the last 40 years. Fudan University, Central South University, and Harvard Medical School are also institutions that have had a focus on hereditary hearing impairment.
There is a progressive increase in scientific papers on hereditary hearing impairment over the last 40 years that we have found in our bibliometric study. We identified key centers in the scientific research on hereditary hearing impairment in the world and also key journals that focus on hereditary hearing impairment. This information can facilitate new researchers in this field to seek collaboration with experienced partners, better synthesize the orientation and boundaries of the subject, and find target journals. Ultimately, we provided a certain benchmark value for key centers that perhaps should have a more prominent role in constructing experimental research or even clinical guidelines.
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