This study explores the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy for real-time kidney stone identification during laser lithotripsy. Traditional ...methods are not suitable for in situ analysis, so the research focuses on optical techniques that can be integrated with lithotripsy fibers. Experiments were conducted ex vivo, using DRS and multiwavelength fluorescence spectroscopy (emission–excitation matrix (EEM)) to distinguish between 48 urinary stones of three types: urate, oxalate and hydroxyapatite, with infrared spectroscopy as a reference. A classification model was developed based on EEM and DRS data. Initial classification relying solely on EEM data achieved an f1-score of 87%, which increased to 92% when DRS data were included. The findings suggest that optical spectroscopy can effectively determine stone composition during laser lithotripsy, potentially enhancing surgical outcomes via the real-time automatic optimization of laser radiation parameters.
The paper analyzes the directional properties of antipodal of Vivaldi antenna, located on the faces of the wedge, coupled with the two cylinders at the top and bottom. Two antenna patterns are ...considered. The first pattern has one antenna, located symmetrically on the edge of each face of the wedge, the second pattern has two of them. The comparative analysis of these antennas is done. The influence of the angle at the apex of the wedge and its size on the parameters of antennas is studied. The frequency and directional characteristics of antennas depending on their structural dimensions and their location are examined.
Sarcoidosis occurs in children very rare. There is not clear recommendation about dose and duration of corticosteroid therapy in children with sarcoidosis.The 11 year old male had fatigue and ...granuloma annulare on his legs from February 2014. He was treated by benzatin benzylpenicillin with partial effect. Enlarged mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes, small focuses in both lungs with tendency to conglomeration and small focuses in the spleen were revealed on CT-scan (CT) in July 2014. TB infection was excluded. Sarcoidosis was proven by supraclavicular lymph node biopsy. Spirometry: FEF75 – was decreased, salbutamol test – negative. The boy was prescribed methylprednisolon 22 mg/day from 18.08.2014 till 4.09.14, with further gradual reduction till withdrawal on 8.09.15. Annular granuloma and fatigue were resolved to October 2014, spirometry became normal to December 2014. CT on 16.03.15 revealed reduction of mediastinal lymph nodes size and quantity of lung focuses, CT on 15.10.15, 25.03.16 and 30.01.2017 remained this positive tendency.ConclusionThis is a rare case of generalised sarcoidosis in child. It demonstrates effect of methylprednisolone therapy with gradual reduction during one year.
Development of personalized approaches to diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colon cancer (CC) still remains challenging. Levels of circulating tumor (CTC) and cancer stem cells (CSC) are ...promising non-invasive prognostic factors. Our aim was to assess the overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II–IV CC with different levels of CTCs as well as to enhance their prognostic value by additionally determining the level of CD44+ CSCs.
Material and methods
. The study included 299 patients with stage II–IV CC. All patients underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (FOLFOX). patients with stage IV CC with resectable liver metastases underwent simultaneous resection of the primary tumor and liver metastases, followed by FOLFOX chemotherapy. the proportion of CTCs was evaluated before surgery using Veridex CellSearch™, and the level of CD44+ CSCs was determined in the tissue of the removed tumor by the IHC method. OS was studied in patients with different CTC levels, cumulative OS was calculated by Kaplan–Meier`s method. prognostic algorithm was designed by logistic regression analysis and cox proportional hazards model.
Results
. OS was found to be lower in patients with higher CTC levels divided into ranges: 0, 1–3, 4–9, ≥10 (χ
2
=11.59, p=0.009); thus enabling us to use it for prognosis. its prognostic value is enhanced by estimation of CD44+ CSC in tumor. Statistically significant conjugation between CTC and CD44+ ranges was found. an increase in CTC level by 1 range resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 1.58 times (р=0.002); the additive increase in CD44+ expression ≥10 % resulted in the increase in the risk of fatal outcome by 7.2 times (p<0.001). For individual risk assessment, a model for calculating the prognostic coefficient K with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity was developed, and its mathematical expression was proposed. the value of K≥0.411 indicates a high risk of adverse outcome.
Conclusion
. The prognostic algorithm for the risk of unfavorable outcome of patients with CC, based on the assessment of CTC and CD44+ CSC levels, was developed.
The article is aimed at researching the state and trends in the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the course of digitalization of Ukraine. The need to monitor the ...development of both the ICT and the information society in the development of Ukraine’s information security strategy is substantiated. The author carries out the analysis of dynamics and structure of statistical indicators characterizing revenues from the provision of telecommunication services; of ensuring and using high-speed Internet by government agencies, business and the population; of development of e-commerce and the use of e-democracy instruments by public authorities and local self-government bodies. According to the results of the computation of the Index of Countries’ Readiness for Network Society obtained by the Nomura Research Institute (NRI), Ukraine’s place in the rating together with its neighboring countries was determined by the subgroups «Business» and «Government». It is determined that there is a trend of a consistent positive development of the information society, despite the problems associated with the lack of investment resources and a small level of budget financing, as well as the unsatisfactory pace of implementation of high-speed Internet, the uneven development of ICT in the regions of the country, the insufficient narrowing of the digital gap between cities and rural areas, the shortage of IT specialists, the export orientation of the IT industry. It was concluded that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to more intensively implement ICT in remote education, healthcare, provision of administrative online services, intensification of the Internet of Things, etc. It is proposed to adapt the national statistical reporting to international requirements in order to identify the equivalent level of digitalization of Ukraine.
As a rule, esophageal adenocarcinoma develops in the lower esophagus. Life expectancy and survival rates depend on the cancer stage and the general health of the patient. Chemoradiotherapy is the ...most successful treatment approach to this type of cancer. The choice of optimal radiation doses for achieving the best possible therapeutic effect is still a challenge. The aim of this paper was to study effective radiation doses and assess response of human esophageal adenocarcinoma to radiation using a PDX model. The study was conducted in female Balb/c nude mice (n = 25). Fragments of the donor tumor were implanted into the cervical esophagus of immunodeficient mice. Effects of radiation on the obtained orthotopic xenografts were studied after each of 3 irradiation sessions (4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy in each of the experimental groups, respectively). First-passage xenografts reproduced the morphology of the donor tumor. The mean tumor volume differed significantly between the control group and the experimental groups exposed to 6, 8 or 10 Gy (р ≤ 0.01) after each irradiation session. Tumor growth delay was significant after exposure to the total dose of 18 Gy. The further radiation dose increase was ineffective. The reduction of tumor volume in the xenografts was correlated to the increase in the one-time radiation dose. The total dose over 18 Gy produced a detrimental effect on the hematopoietic system and blood biochemistry of the experimental mice.
The construction of a four-element grid of Vivaldi antennas located on a cylindrical surface is presented. The antenna array has a VSWR <; 3 in the frequency band 2.45-15.0 GHz and the gain in this ...frequency band - from 3 to 14 dB.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relevant issue of modern oncology and ranks the third place among most common malignancies. Every year, more than 1 million new cases of CRC are diagnosed worldwide, with ...approximately the same frequency of prevalence among the male and female population. Colon cancer (CC) amounts for more than half of all cases of CRC, and it’s incidence and mortality remain rather high.Surgery remains the main method of CRC treatment, and determining the extent of surgery and lymph node dissection remains an urgent problem.For the first time in Japan, a classification of groups of lymph nodes (l.n.) was proposed depending on the level of lymph outflow and location in relation to the main vessels. According to the numbering of l.n. groups by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR), all lymph nodes are numbered with three digits.As a rule, lymphogenic metastasis occurs in one direction, bilateral spread is possible if the tumor is located at the same distance from two feeding vessels. With tumors of the right-sided localization, all groups of l.n. located along the branches of the superior mesenteric artery are removed, and with tumors of the left half of the colon, all l.n. located along the trunk of the inferior mesenteric artery are removed. The presence of affected l.n. is important for assessing the prognosis and further determining the need for adjuvant therapy. Some literature data demonstrate good results of surgical interventions performed in accordance with the concept of embryonic planes and complete mesocolonic excision. D3 lymph node dissection is not performed in daily practice in some European countries and North America, unlike a number of Eastern countries. However, the level of vessel ligation remains the subject of scientific discussion.The purpose of this review was to analyze the available literature on the problem of choosing the level of lymph node dissection in CC surgery.
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