Public Aquariums in Turkey ÇELİK, Pinar; YALÇIN ÜLGER, Ebru
Marine science and technology bulletin,
06/2020, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This study has presented
information in order to reveal the general condition of the activities of
public aquariums in Turkey. Firstly, the location and number of public
aquariums in Turkey are ...determined. Afterward, survey questions were prepared,
which could show these business profiles. After the surveys have been prepared,
some businesses were visited and the authorities were talked face to face. The
business officials whom we could not visit were contacted by telephone and
e-mail. In the survey, care has been taken not to ask for information that may
transgress the public disclosure policy. The right to answer every question is
left to the authorities’ preference. For these reasons, the information
provided about the enterprises can only be sufficient to reveal the general
profile of the enterprises. According to this survey, a total of 13 large
public aquariums in Turkey have been identified in 2019 and there is a large
tunnel aquarium under construction. While 5 of the public aquariums of Turkey
are in İstanbul, and 3 of them are located in Ankara, there is one public
aquarium in Antalya, Bursa, Diyarbakır, Eskişehir and İzmir provinces. The majority
of these aquariums (8) are located in or near shopping centers, the others (5)
were located in the parking areas. In aquariums, whereas sea creatures are
allocated more space, the areas reserved for freshwater creatures are less.
Most of the aquariums have educational activities as well as entertaining
activities. Aquaculture engineers, aquaculture technicians, aquanauts,
veterinarians, biologists, graduates of fisheries technology and underwater
technologies are the occupational groups that are employed in public aquariums.
ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the effects of multimodal environmental modification (MEMO) of cats with recurrence of lower urinary tract signs (LUTS). Treatment of FLUTD included ...pharmacological treatment, dietary management, and multimodal environmental modification approaches. Twenty client-owned indoor-housed cats with recurrence of lower urinary tract signs had been covered in this observation. Diagnosis of lower urinary tract was made primarily based on the cat's clinical signs, results of laboratory parameters, urinalysis and ultrasonographic examination. Cats were divided into two groups as cefovecin (8 mg/kg sc, single time use) + meloxicam (0.1mg/kg q24h, 3 days) + dry food including l-tryptophan and milk protein hydrolysate to dissolve struvite stones (Group 1) and cefovecin + meloxicam + dry food including l-tryptophan and milk protein hydrolysate to dissolve struvite stones + multimodal environmental modification (Group 2). Clinical and urinary parameters are scored as 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 points on initial, third, seventh days. Scores of clinical parameters were significantly different between (p<0.05) group 2 and group 1 on the third and seventh days and scores of urinary parameters are significantly different between (p<0.05) group 2 than group 1 on the seventh day. Clients who were contacted after 1 year reported that they did not see any clinical signs of urinary tract diseases.
RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da modificação ambiental multimodal (MEMO) em gatos com recorrência de sinais do trato urinário inferior (LUTS). O tratamento da FLUTD incluiu tratamento farmacológico, controle dietético e abordagens de modificação ambiental multimodal. Vinte gatos de propriedade de clientes, alojados em ambientes fechados, com recorrência de sinais do trato urinário inferior foram incluídos nessa observação. O diagnóstico do trato urinário inferior foi feito principalmente com base nos sinais clínicos do gato, nos resultados dos parâmetros laboratoriais, na urinálise e no exame ultrassonográfico. Os gatos foram divididos em dois grupos: cefovecina (8 mg/kg sc, uso único) + meloxicam (0,1mg/kg q24h, 3 dias) + ração seca incluindo l-triptofano e hidrolisado de proteína do leite para dissolver cálculos de estruvita (Grupo 1) e cefovecina + meloxicam + ração seca incluindo l-triptofano e hidrolisado de proteína do leite para dissolver cálculos de estruvita + modificação ambiental multimodal (Grupo 2). Os parâmetros clínicos e urinários foram pontuados como 0, 1, 2, 3 ou 4 pontos no primeiro, terceiro e sétimo dias. As pontuações dos parâmetros clínicos foram significativamente diferentes entre (p<0,05) o grupo 2 e o grupo 1 no terceiro e sétimo dias, e as pontuações dos parâmetros urinários foram significativamente diferentes entre (p<0,05) o grupo 2 e o grupo 1 no sétimo dia. Os clientes que foram contatados após um ano relataram que não observaram nenhum sinal clínico de doenças do trato urinário.
Interstitial lung disease, nephrotic syndrome and junctional epidermolysis bullosa is an autosomal recessive multiorgan disorder caused by mutations in the gene for the integrin α3 subunit (ITGA3). ...The full spectrum of manifestations and genotype-phenotype correlations is still poorly characterized. Here, we uncovered the disease-causing role and the molecular mechanisms underlying a homozygous ITGA3 mutation leading to the single amino acid substitution, p.R463W. The patient suffered from respiratory distress and episodes of cyanosis with onset in the first week of life and had a nephrotic syndrome. Although there was no clinical evidence for cutaneous fragility, the analysis of a skin sample and of skin epithelial cells enabled the direct assessment of the authentic mutant protein. We show that the mutation altered the conformation of the extracellular β-propeller domain of the integrin α3 subunit preventing correct processing of N-linked oligosaccharides, heterodimerization with β1 integrin and maturation through cleavage into heavy and light chains in the Golgi. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the mutant protein accumulated intracellularly, but it was not present in focal adhesions or on the cell membrane as shown by flow cytometry. These findings highlight that single amino acid changes in the integrin α3 subunit may crucially alter the structure and complex processing of this integrin, completely preventing its functionality. The present report also underscores that ITGA3 mutations may account for atypical cases solely with early onset respiratory and renal involvement.
Background
Although both self‐paced and externally paced field tests are widely used in cystic fibrosis (CF), it is still unclear whether they induce clinically relevant and similar cardiorespiratory ...responses. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and 6 min walk test (6MWT), and to determine the factors influencing exercise capacity in CF.
Methods
Fifty clinically stable CF patients were included in the study. Pulmonary function, peripheral and respiratory muscle strength were assessed, anthropometric measurements were recorded, and 6MWT and ISWT carried out.
Results
The CF patients covered significantly more distance in the ISWT than 6MWT (P < 0.001). Heart rate response and dyspnea score at the end of the tests and during the recovery phase were significantly higher in the ISWT compared with the 6MWT (P < 0.05). The 6MWT and ISWT had similar moderate–strong correlations with age, height, weight, pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength (P < 0.05). Forty‐nine percent of the variance in 6MWT distance was explained by age and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1; R2 = 0.49, F(2–48) = 22.033, P < 0.001). The variables contributing to ISWT distance were FEV1, inspiratory muscle strength, and body mass index (R2 = 0.596, F(3–44) = 20.176, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The ISWT is a better reflection of exercise tolerance in CF than 6MWT. ISWT is a preferable alternative assessment of exercise tolerance in terms of cardiorespiratory response.
This study investigated the changes in choline (Ch) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in saliva in canine parvovirosis (CP) as a model of sepsis, and their correlations with these analytes in serum ...and with other markers of inflammation such as white blood cell count (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). A total of 30 dogs with CP were sampled for saliva and serum at presentation, and 10 healthy puppies were also sampled as controls. Salivary Ch was higher in dogs with CP (P < 0.001) showing a positive correlation with CRP, whereas no differences were observed in salivary BChE. This is the first report in which Ch is measured in saliva of dogs and based in the results of this study, salivary Ch could be potentially used as biomarker of the severity of CP.
•Canine saliva contains choline (SaCh) and butyrylcholinesterase (SaBChE)•SaCh and SaBChE were studied in healthy (H) and dogs with canine parvovirosis (CP).•SaCh was higher in CP than H and correlated with serum C-reactive protein.•No differences were observed in SaBChE between CP and H.•SaCh could be potentially used as biomarker of severity in CP.
BCG infections occur more frequently in patients with underlying primary immunodeficiency disease (PIDD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the ratio of PIDD in the patients with BCG infections. ...Patients with BCG infections were analyzed in a tertiary referral centre in the 2015‐2020 period. Forty‐seven patients with BCGitis/BCGosis were evaluated; thirty‐four (72.3%) had BCGitis, and 13 (27.7%) had BCGosis. Common tissue and organs affected are lymph nodes (57.4%), skin and subcutaneous tissue (48.9%), lungs (23.4%) and liver (17%). PIDD was shown in 26 patients (55.3%), including 92.3% of patients with BCGosis and 41.2% of patients with BCGitis. Ten patients had Mendelian susceptibility to Mycobacterial disease (MSMD) (21.2%), six had predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) (12.7%), five had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (10.6%), three had CGD (6.3%), and two had CID (4.2%). Mortality was reported in two patients (4.2%) with CID (ZAP70 deficiency (n = 1) and PIK3R1 deficiency (n = 1)). Parental consanguinity (84%), axillary lymphadenopathy (65%), mycobacterial lung disease (42%), hepatomegaly (30%) and growth retardation (19%) were significantly high in patients with PIDD diagnosis. Isolated vaccination site infection was also recorded in patients with PIDD (CID (n = 1), SCID (n = 1), PAD (n = 5)). BCG vaccination should be planned with caution for the cases with suspected PIDD. This study indicates that almost all patients (92.3%) with BCGosis and one in every two patients (41.2%) with BCGitis have an underlying PIDD. Parental consanguinity, axillary lymphadenopathy, mycobacterial lung disease, hepatomegaly and growth retardation (19%) are important clinical features in the differential diagnosis of PIDD.
Purpose
To evaluate the caries status of the Cystic fibrosis (CF) children and adolescents with the comparation of some biochemical markers, secretory‐immunoglobulin‐A (sIgA), and antimicrobial ...peptides in the saliva.
Methods
In this cross‐sectional descriptive study, the approval Ethics Board was obtained. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from CF and healthy control children (non‐CF) patients. Both groups underwent the same dental and periodontal evaluation scheme of the assessment. Human beta defensin (HBD1), human alpha defensin (HNP‐1), cathelicidin (LL‐37), sIgA in saliva were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunoassay method. A general biochemical analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20.0 (SPSS Inc.).
Results
A total of 21 (9 male, 12 female) CF and 23 (11 male, 12 female) control patients were participated with the mean age of 10.17 ± 3.38 and 9.52 ± 2.15 years, respectively. In control children, DMFT/S (decayed‐missing‐filled‐tooth/surface‐in‐permanent‐dentition), dmft/s (decayed‐missing‐filled‐tooth/surface‐in‐primary‐dentition) values were higher; DT (decayed‐tooth in permanent dentition), ft (filled‐tooth in primary dentition) and plaque index values were statistically significantly higher (p = 0.042, p = 0.005, p = 0.038, respectively) than CF patients. Bicarbonate was higher in control group; sodium, chloride, and total protein were higher in CF group; magnesium, calcium and phosphate levels were similar in each group (p > 0.05). Alpha and beta defensin‐1 levels in control group was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.037 and p = 0.020, respectively), while LL37 and sIgA were not statistically significantly higher (p > 0.05) than CF group.
Conclusions
Children with CF had lower caries in permanent teeth, filling in primary teeth, and an altered salivary biomarker profile, especially in HNB1, HNP1. Therefore, it is important to conduct periodic oral‐dental controls among CF patients during their childhood.
Background and objective
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare and genetically heterogeneous disease and the severity of the disease related with genetic analysis has been described in some ...previous studies. The main aim of our study was to describe the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of patients with genetically diagnosed PCD and to investigate the correlation between clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings and genetic analyses of these patients.
Method
This is a cohort study in which we analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and genetic results of 46 patients with genetically diagnosed PCD through whole‐exome sequencing at our single center from a total of 265 patients with PCD within a 5‐year period.
Results
Genetic analysis revealed pathogenic variants in DNAH5 (n = 12 individuals, 12 families), CCDC40 (n = 9 individuals, six families), RSPH4A (n = 5 individuals, three families), DNAH11 (n = 4 individuals, four families), HYDIN (n = 5 individuals, five families), CCNO (n = 4 individuals, four families), DNAI1 (n = 2 individuals, one family), ARMC4 (n = 2 individuals, two families), TTC25 (n = 1), DNAH1 (n = 1), and CCDC39 (n = 1) genes. Although not statistically significant, the age at diagnosis was lower (median: 3 years; range, 6 months‐4 years) in patients with CCNO pathogenic variants due to the early reporting of symptoms, and the median body mass index (BMI) and BMI z scores were lower in patients at 18.7 and 16 kg/m2, and −0.78 and −1.2 with CCDC40 and CCNO pathogenic variants, respectively. The median forced expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), and forced expiratory flow (FEF)25‐75% were 53%, 64%, and 28%, respectively; these parameters were also lower in the CCDC40 group than in the other groups. There was no significant correlation between the genetic results and symptoms, radiologic findings, and microbiologic data of patients with PCD.
Conclusion
In PCD, there was significant heterogeneity of lung disease, patients who had pathogenic variants in CCNO presented earlier, and those with CCDC40 and CCNO had worse lung disease, and poorer nutritional status compared with the other subgroups. We hope that whole genotype‐phenotype and clinical relationships will be identified in PCD.
The nanoscale imaging of charge flow in proteins is crucial to understanding several life processes, including respiration, metabolism and photosynthesis. However, existing imaging methods are only ...effective under non-physiological conditions or are limited to photosynthetic proteins. Here, we show that electrostatic force microscopy can be used to directly visualize charge propagation along pili of Geobacter sulfurreducens with nanometre resolution and under ambient conditions. Charges injected at a single point into individual, untreated pili, which are still attached to cells, propagated over the entire filament. The mobile charge density in the pili, as well as the temperature and pH dependence of the charge density, were similar to those of carbon nanotubes and other organic conductors. These findings, coupled with a lack of charge propagation in mutated pili that were missing key aromatic amino acids, suggest that the pili of G. sulfurreducens function as molecular wires with transport via delocalized charges, rather than the hopping mechanism that is typical of biological electron transport.
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