El presente artículo analiza la estética de Ecuatorial (1918), una de las obras más destacadas de Vicente Huidobro. A diferencia de sus obras anteriores que siguen la estética cubista y, en cierto ...grado, mimética, en esta obra el poeta crea un mundo fictivo y primitivo, que describe como una especie de paraíso. Partiendo del concepto de “agonismo”, que Renato Poggioli desarrolla en su estudio seminal sobre los movimientos vanguardistas, este artículo explica el cambio de estilo del poeta chileno como una consecuencia de la desilusión que sufrió ante la civilización europea en la Primera Guerra Mundial.
The search for a method to control structural transformations of layered coordination polymers is highly desirable to modulate their properties and functions. Herein, we report the construction of a ...novel coordination polymer named Zn
C16
with Zn(
ii
) ions coordinated to isophthalate ligands bearing an
n
-hexadecyloxy chain (
C16
2−
). Its structure consists of a layer-by-layer structure of a rigid two-dimensional coordination network and an assembly of alkyl chains as a thermally responsive moiety. Single crystals of Zn
C16
exhibit a thermal crystal-to-crystal phase transition behaviour dominated by disordering/ordering of alkyl chains, which induces the expansion and shrinkage of the distance within the rigid 2D coordination networks. Microscopic observation revealed that the thermal phase transition of Zn
C16
induces a significant change in their crystal morphology: a reversible macroscopic elongation/shrinkage of crystal dimensions driven by the displacement of interlayer distances and an irreversible delamination and polycrystal slippage driven by constraints generated from this phase transition. Our result provides a new direction to modulate the dynamic behaviour and related properties and functions of layered coordination polymers where the thermally responsive character of flexible alkyl chains plays an important role in tuning interlayer interactions.
Single crystals of layered coordination polymers present a thermal crystal-to-crystal phase transition dominated by disordering/ordering of flexible alkyl chains accompanied by significant morphological changes.
Background
Low‐carbohydrate high‐fat diets (LCHFDs) are thought to be beneficial for metabolic support in patients with advanced cancer. However, whether LCHFDs affect the progression of ...carcinomatous peritonitis (CP) remains unclear. Our study examined the influence of a lard‐based LCHFD on host immunity and survival in a murine CP model.
Methods
Mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or an LCHFD ad libitum. On day 7, Panc02 cancer cells were inoculated intraperitoneally. Mice were killed on days 7, 21, and 35, and cytokine levels in the peritoneal fluid, as well as the number and phenotypes of peritoneal, splenic, and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes were measured. Survival studies were performed with both ad libitum and isocaloric feeding in other sets of mice.
Results
The levels of all cytokines significantly increased in the LCHFD group compared with those in the ND group on day 21. The tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin‐10 levels were higher in the LCHFD group than in the ND group on day 35. In the LCHFD group, the regulatory T‐cell (Treg) number was significantly higher in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The survival times were worse in the LCHFD group than in the ND group.
Conclusion
The ad libitum, lard‐based LCHFD feeding of CP mice increases the peritoneal cytokine levels, which may reduce splenic, anticancer lymphocytes and increase the number of Tregs in the peritoneal cavity and tumor. The detrimental effects of LCHFD are linked to dietary composition rather than overfeeding.
Abstract
Studies of energetic particle transport due to energetic-particle-driven Alfvénic instability have progressed using neutron and energetic particle diagnostics in Large Helical Device ...deuterium plasmas. Alfvénic instability excited by injecting an intensive neutral beam was observed by a magnetic probe and a far-infrared laser interferometer. The interferometer showed Alfvénic instability composed of three modes that existed from the core to the edge of the plasma. A comparison between the observed frequency and shear Alfvén spectra suggested that the mode activity was most likely classified as an Alfvénic avalanche. A neutron fluctuation detector and a fast ion loss detector indicated that Alfvénic instability induced transport and loss of co-going transit energetic ions. The dependence of the drop rate of the neutron signal on the Alfvénic instability amplitude showed that significant transport occurred. Significant transport might be induced by the large amplitude and radially extended multiple modes, as well as a large deviation of the energetic ion orbit from the flux surface.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles that are released by various cells and provide a real-time snapshot of the state of these cells in tissue in a noninvasive manner. EVs contain ...components, including mRNA, miRNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Therefore, EVs hold promise for the discovery of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for disease diagnosis. In the present study, metabolome analysis of urine EVs in rats with kidney injury caused by cisplatin and puromycin aminonucleoside was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify candidate biomarkers that reflect the type and extent of injury in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 396 metabolites were detected in urine EVs, of which 65 were identified as potential biomarkers in urine EVs of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Pathway analysis revealed that these metabolites may reflect changes occurring within damaged cells during kidney injury, suggesting that metabolomics of urine EVs could be a useful informative tool.
•Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain metabolites from their cells of origin.•Changes in lipid metabolites from EVs reflected induced damage.•Changes in EV metabolites were comparable to those used for indicating renal damage.•EV molecular data can be examined with LC/MS metabolomics as a diagnostic tool.
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Field-induced electron emission offers the best performance point electron source for electron microscopes. Herewith we report a new cold field-emission point electron source ...utilizing a nanoneedle made of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and its implementation in a spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM). A sub-ångstrom resolution of 0.96 Å has been obtained with the TEM operated at an acceleration voltage of 60 kV and a smaller energy spread was also observed compared with the contemporary W(310) electron source. In particular, the LaB6 nanoneedle cold field-emission electron source required no thermal flashing for continuous operation of extended hours (>100 hours) while exhibiting and sustaining a high stability in emission current (<1%). We attribute the excellent performance of the LaB6 nanoneedle electron source to (i) a low work function of LaB6; (ii) excellent alignment of the nanoneedle emitter by the electron and ion dual-beam processing with nanoscale precision and (iii) robustness of the nanometric structure that suppressed mechanical vibrations of the LaB6 emitter even in a high electric field. This new LaB6 nanoneedle cold field-emission electron source enables stable high-resolution imaging in TEM and it will also benefit cryogenic electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron beam lithography, and other electron beam technologies.
Abstract
Skewed band structures have been empirically described in ferroelectric materials to explain the functioning of recently developed ferroelectric tunneling junction (FTJs). Nonvolatile ...ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) and the artificial neural network device based on the FTJ system are rapidly developing. However, because the actual ferroelectric band structure has not been elucidated, precise designing of devices has to be advanced through appropriate heuristics. Here, we perform angle-resolved hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy of ferroelectric BaTiO
3
thin films for the direct observation of ferroelectric band skewing structure as the depth profiles of atomic orbitals. The depth-resolved electronic band structure consists of three depth regions: a potential slope along the electric polarization in the core, the surface and interface exhibiting slight changes. We also demonstrate that the direction of the energy shift is controlled by the polarization reversal. In the ferroelectric skewed band structure, we found that the difference in energy shifts of the atomic orbitals is correlated with the atomic configuration of the soft phonon mode reflecting the Born effective charges. These findings lead to a better understanding of the origin of electric polarization.
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