This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of autumn and spring sowing and row spacings (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60
cm) on yield, yield components and crude oil percentage of mustard (Sinapis ...arvensis L.) at eight locations lying in
different ecological zones (Ankara, Aydın, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Isparta, Şanlıurfa, Tekirdağ and Tokat) during 2013-14
and 2014-15 growing seasons. The experiment was designed according to the “Split Plots on Randomized Complete
Block” with four replications. Autumn and spring sowing were main plots, row spacings were sub-plots in each location.
The results showed that, autumn and spring sowing and row spacing significantly affected yield, yield components and
crude oil yield across locations. In general, increasing row spacing reduced seed yield and crude oil percentage. The
plants from autumn sowing increased crude oil yield compared to the plants from spring sowing. The maximum seed
yield and crude oil yield (2525.5 and 695.3 kg ha-1, respectively) was obtained from Tokat during autumn sowing at
50 cm row spacing. It was determined that autumn sowing was more suitable for Aydın, Tekirdağ, Tokat and Şanlıurfa
locations. Autumn sowing could also be possible at Ankara, Eskişehir and Isparta locations if plants enter to winter at the
right time (8-10 leaves rosette stage). Agronomic performances of mustard at Erzurum was not promising. For autumn
and spring sowing, the most suitable row spacing must be 20-30 cm in Ankara, Aydın, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Isparta,
Tekirdağ and Şanlıurfa; 50 cm in Tokat in autumn sowing.
The study was conducted to determine the impacts of environmental variations on yield and yield related properties of tobacco. The experimental layout was in the randomized blocks with three ...replicates in four different locations (Erbaa-Evciler, Erbaa-Karayaka, Gümüşhacıköy, Bafra) using 21 lines and four standard varieties that stand out with their different characteristics. The variation in plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and leaf yield of genotypes were investigated at different ecologies. All the parameters investigated of the genotypes have been significantly affected by changing environmental conditions. Plant height ranged from 49.33 cm to 177.32 cm, the number of leaves from 21.83 to 47.10 per plant, leaf width from 6.83 to 16.31 cm, leaf length from 13.01 to 28.93 cm, and yield ranged from 79.17 kg-1 to 238.98 kg da-1. The results for the performances of genotypes in all environments showed that 5 lines (ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-21, ERB-35) for plant height, 6 lines (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-35) for the number of leaves, 10 lines (ERB-9, ERB-16, ERB-17, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-26, ERB-27, ERB-30) for leaf width, 1 line (ERB-16) in for leaf length and 13 lines (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-9, ERB-13, ERB-16, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-27, ERB-30, ERB-35, ERB-38) for yield come to the fore.
Çalışma tütünün verim ve verim ile ilişkili özelliklerini çevre değişkenliklerinin nasıl etkilediğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, farklı özellikleri ile öne çıkan 21 hat ve dört standart çeşit ile dört farklı lokasyonda (Erbaa-Evciler, Erbaa-Karayaka, Gümüşhacıköy, Bafra) tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Farklı genotiplerin bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu ve kuru yaprak verimi karakterlerinin, farklı ekolojilerde ortaya koyduğu varyasyon incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametrelerin tümünde genotiplerin değişen çevre koşullarından önemli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Bitki boyu 49.33 cm ile 177.32 cm, yaprak sayısı 21.83-47.10 adet/bitki, yaprak eni 6.83-16.31 cm, yaprak boyu 13.01-28.93 cm ve verim 79.17 kg da-1 ile 238.98 kg da-1 aralığında değişmiştir. Tüm çevrelerde gösterdikleri performansları ile bitki boyu bakımından 5 hat (ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-21, ERB-35), yaprak sayısı bakımından 6 hat (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-35), yaprak eni bakımından 10 hat (ERB-9, ERB-16, ERB-17, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-26, ERB-27, ERB-30), yaprak boyu bakımından 1 hat (ERB-16) ve verim bakımından 13 hat (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-9, ERB-13, ERB-16, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-27, ERB-30, ERB-35, ERB-38) öne çıkmıştır.
The aim of this study is to determine the alkaloid and oil rates contents of some poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) varieties, such as morphine, codeine, oripavine, thebaine, noscapine and papaverine, ...which are planted as winter and summer. Five varieties of poppy (Zaferyolu, TMO 2, Ofis NP, Ofis 4, Anayurt) registered in different organizations were used in the research. The study was carried out in the trial field belonging to Tokat Middle Black Sea Crossing Belt Agricultural Research Institute Directorate in 2015 and 2016. Alkaloid analyzes were carried out on an HPLC device in the Bolvadin Alkaloid Plant Laboratory. The study was carried out in three replications according to randomized block trial design. As a result; Varieties of poppy the cultivated as summer, mean morphine value 0.61-1.19 %, the codeine 0.07-0.25 %, the oripavine 0.01-0.02 %, thebaine 0.02-0,11 %, noscapine, 0,04-0,49 %, papaverine , 0,03-0,18 and oil ratio values varied between 41,6-48,8 %. Varieties of poppy the cultivated as winter; mean morphine value 0.29-0.56 %, the codeine 0.04-0.09 %, the oripavine 0.0002-0.007 %, thebaine 0.01-0.06 %, noscapine, 0.009-0.93 %, papaverine , 0.00-0.06 %, and oil ratio values varied between 45.3-54.3 %. Poppy varieties cultivated as summer, according to winter sown alkaloid ratios are higher and oil ratios are lower.
► The chemical composition of two clones of
Mentha piperita cultivated in Bursa, Aydın, Tokat and Izmir are analyzed. ► Environmental variation affects essential oil compositions. ► Temperate ...location is more suitable for peppermint production for high oil quality.
The commercial production of peppermint (
Mentha piperita L.) depends on the genetic structure and ecological conditions affecting yield and oil composition. To determine yield and quality characters of two peppermint clones (Clone-3 and Clone-8), field experiments were carried out at four different locations (Aydın, Bursa, Izmir and Tokat) in Turkey during 2007 and 2008. Locations with warmer climate gave higher fresh herbage yield (Aydın and Izmir 37.0
t/ha and 36.8
t/ha, respectively). Although vigor canopy caused maximum fresh herbage yield, it decreased dried leaf yield due to the defoliation of leaves near to the ground. The main components menthol and menthone showed significant variation with different ecologies. Menthol contents were higher in temperate locations (Bursa and Tokat), while menthone contents were lower. The differences in oil composition of Clone-3 were lower than that of Clone-8 according to different climates, thus Clone-3 can be grown widely in various ecological conditions for oil productions as compared to the Clone-8. It was also concluded that temperate location was more suitable for peppermint oil production with high menthol contents.
Abstract Cannabis sativa played a pivotal role across different industries. Recently, industrial hemp, particularly in the case of Cannabidiol (CBD), gained attention for its therapeutic potential. ...This study evaluated cannabinoid variability and genetic diversity within 43 industrial hemp individuals, primarily Turkish, across various plant parts and growth stages, and inflorescences of females showed significant CBD content. The highest contents were observed in Turkish landraces (0.55–8.05% with an average of 3.26%), making them valuable genetic resources for high CBD. Genetic structure revealed distinct populations based on gender and influenced by geographical origin. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed 92% of genetic variation observed within populations and indicated a promising source of novel allelic diversity in the Turkish gene pool. Turkish females showed significant genetic diversity No. of Different Alleles (Na) 1.507, No. of Effective Alleles (Ne) 1.226, Shannon’s Information Index (I) 0.258, and Percentage of Polymorphic Loc (%P) 74.91, exhibiting richer genetic variation than their international peers. Principal Coordinate Analysis unveiled gender-specific genetic differences, and admixture clusters shed light on genetic interactions and historical connections among diverse populations. Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Averaging highlighted unique genetic profiles and distinct genetic lineages. Genome-wide association study revealed a highly significant male-specific genetic marker explained 50% of the phenotypic variation. These findings inform future breeding strategies and conservation efforts and contribute to varietal identification methods, Marker-Assisted Selection, and efficient cultivar development in upcoming programs.
Öz Bu arastirma, Tokat-Kazova sartlarinda 2013 ve 2014 yillarinda yürütülmüstür. Arastirmanin amaci, bazi yaglik ayçiçegi çesitlerinin verim ve verim özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Arastirmada, 14 ...hibrit yaglik ayçiçegi çesidi (Hornet, LG-5580, Bosfora, Reyna, Oleko, Tarsan-1018, Aitana, Sirena, 2525, Tunca, Paktol, P44646, LG-5400 HO, P-4223) kullanilmistir. Arastirmada, bitki boyu, tabla çapi, tablada tane sayisi, bin tane agirligi, tohum verimi, yag orani ve yag verimi özellikleri incelenmistir. Çalismada incelenen tüm özellikler bakimindan çesitler arasindaki farkliliklar istatistiki olarak önemli (p<0,05 ve p<0,01) bulunmustur. En yüksek verime LG-5580 (605 kg/da), Sirena (607 kg/da) ve P4223 (608 kg/da) çesitleri, en yüksek yag içerigine ise Aitana (% 44,5), Sirena (% 44,4) ve Hornet (% 44,0) çesitlerinin sahip oldugu belirlenmistir. Sonuç olarak, dekara en yüksek tohum ve yag verimine sahip olan Sirena çesidinin Tokat/Kazova yöresi için önerilebilir bir çesit oldugu belirlenmistir. Buna ilaveten LG-5580, Hornet ve Reyna çesitlerinin de yüksek verimli ve istatistiksel yönden Sirena ile ayni grupta yer almasindan dolayi önerilebilecegi görülmüstür. / This experiment was conducted during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in Tokat-Kazova province of Turkey. The purpose of this study is determine of yields and yield components in some sunflower cultivars. In this study was used 14 hybrid (Hornet, LG-5580, Bosfora, Reyna, Oleko, Tarsan-1018, Aitana, Sirena, 2525, Tunca, Paktol, P44646, LG-5400 HO, P-4223) sunflower cultivars. Plant height, head diameter, number of seed in head, 1000 seeds weight, seed yield, oil rates and oil yield were examined. Statistically significant (p<0.05 and p<0.01) variations were observed in all variables studied. The highest seed yields, LG-5580 (605 kg/da), Sirena (607 kg/da) and P4223 (608 kg/da) cultivars, the highest oil content, Aitana (% 44.5), Sirena (% 44.4) and Hornet (% 44.0) cultivars were determine. Based on the result of this research, the highest seed yields and oil content was obtained in Sirena varieties for Tokat-Kazova lacations. In additions, LG-5580, Hornet and Reyna varieties suggested in this province.
One of the most important problems in the cultivation of potato plants is their susceptibility to diseases. There are many disease agents that cause significant loss in yield and limit cultivation. ...One of these agents is Alternaria solani (Ell. and G. Martin) Sor., a facultative saprophytic fungus. The pathogen fungus causes early blight disease in potatoes. In this study, which was carried out in the field and laboratory of the Central Black Sea Transition Zone Agricultural Research Institute in 2019, the reactions of 594 clones created by crosses between some commercially registered potato varieties, local potato varieties, and some clones with superior characteristics against A. solani were identified using the detached leaf method. In order to determine the disease reactions, 5 mm diameter fungus discs taken from the actively growing tips of the cultures of A. solani isolate under sterile conditions were placed on the leaflets in five replications, and only the PDA medium was placed on the leaflets used for control purposes. As a result of the research, of the clones belonging to the A3/15 x Bafana combination, 70 were immune, 2 were tolerant, 9 were susceptible, 18 were highly susceptible. 168 of the clones belonging to the Başçiftlik Beyazı x Lady Olympia combination were immune, 1 was resistant, 4 were tolerant, 5 were susceptible, 23 were highly susceptible. 209 of the clones belonging to T5/4 x Bafana combination were immune, 2 were tolerant, 7 were sensitive and 46 were highly susceptible. Thus, in order to contribute to the development of resistant varieties, the conditions of the breeding material were revealed and evaluated as selection criteria.
Patates bitkisinin yetiştirilmesindeki en önemli sorunların başında hastalıklara olan duyarlılıkları gelmektedir. Verimde önemli derecede kayba neden olan ve yetiştiriciliği kısıtlayan birçok hastalık etmeni vardır. Bu hastalık etmenlerinden birisi de fakültatif, saprofit bir fungus olan Alternaria solani (Ell. ve G. Martin) Sor.’dır. Bu etmen patateste erken yanıklık hastalığına neden olmaktadır. 2019 yılında Orta Karadeniz Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme alanı ve laboratuvarında yürütülen çalışmada, bazı ticari tescilli patates çeşitleri, yerel patates çeşitleri ve üstün özellikleri olan bazı klonlar arasında yapılan melezlemeler ile oluşturulan varyasyondan gelen 594 adet klonun Alternaria solani’ye karşı reaksiyonları, koparılmış yaprak yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Hastalık reaksiyonlarının belirlenmesi için A. solani izolatına ait kültürlerin aktif olarak gelişen uç kısımlarından steril koşullarda alınan 5 mm çapındaki fungus diskleri beş tekerrür olacak şekilde uygulanmış ve kontrol amaçlı kullanılan yaprakçıklar üzerine sadece besi ortamı yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, A3/15 x Bafana kombinasyonuna ait klonların 70’i immün, 2’si toleranslı, 9’u hassas, 18’i aşırı hassas, Başçiftlik Beyazı x Lady Olympia kombinasyonuna ait klonların 168’inin immün, 1’inin dayanıklı, 4’ünün toleranslı, 5’inin hassas, 23’ünün ise aşırı hassas, T5/4 x Bafana kombinasyonuna ait klonların 209’unun immün, 2’sinin toleranslı, 7’sinin hassas, 46’sının ise aşırı hassas olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Böylelikle dayanıklı çeşitlerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla ıslah materyalinin durumları ortaya konulmuş olup seleksiyon kriteri olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
In vitro germination of hemp is challenging due to low germination and high contamination rates. Successful establishment of in vitro sterilization is the prerequisite of plant tissue culture ...studies. Recent advancements in the field of artificial neural network (ANN) and machine learning (ML) algorithms open new horizons for sustainable and precision agriculture. ANN and ML algorithms are powerful tools to evaluate the results and make more precise and high accuracy predictions in the field of plant tissue culture, especially for industrial purposes. Keeping in view, the study was designed to investigate the possible response of variable concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on germination and morphological traits of in vitro-grown hemp seedlings by using ML algorithms. Five different ML algorithms used in this study to evaluate the prediction of the output variables were: Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Gaussian Process (GP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF) models, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network utilizing accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall values. Among the tested models, the RF model exhibited better prediction of output variables with a high F1 score in the range of 0.98–1.00. The F1 scores of the other models ranged between 0.69 and 0.86. Response surface methodology (RSM) used to compute the optimum concentration of H2O2 revealed the statistically significant effect of H2O2 on in vitro germination and seedling growth. The optimum value of H2O2 for the maximum germination and seedling was optimized to about ~2.2% by using RSM. The present work is a case study about the application of different ML and ANN models in plant tissue culture and reveals the possibility of application in many other economic crops.
An overview of ML and ANN algorithms for in vitro germination and growth indices of industrial hemp. Display omitted
•Hydrogen per oxide concentration and exposure time enhanced hemp seed germination.•Five machine learning models were used for evaluating the results precisely.•Random forest algorithm depicted the highest performance to assess the results.•Response surface methodology predicted the optimum inputs and respective outputs.•In vitro germination may facilitate to isolate explants for in vitro regeneration.
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