We study terahertz (THz) radiation transmission through grating-gate graphene-based nanostructures. We report on room-temperature THz radiation amplification stimulated by current-driven plasmon ...excitation. Specifically, with an increase of the dc current under periodic charge density modulation, we observe a strong redshift of the resonant THz plasmon absorption, followed by a window of complete transparency to incoming radiation and subsequent amplification and blueshift of the resonant plasmon frequency. Our results are, to the best of our knowledge, the first experimental observation of energy transfer from dc current to plasmons leading to THz amplification. Additionally, we present a simple model offering a phenomenological description of the observed THz amplification. This model shows that in the presence of a dc current the radiation-induced correction to dissipation is sensitive to the phase shift between oscillations of carrier density and drift velocity. And, with an increasing current, the dissipation becomes negative, leading to amplification. The experimental results of this work, as all obtained at room-temperature, pave the way toward the new 2D plasmon-based, voltage-tunable THz radiation amplifiers.
The present work describes the preparation of a new covalent organic polymer (COP) and its application as a hetero support for diaryl selenides synthesis. A nitrogen rich COP (CGP) has been ...synthesized
via
SNAr reaction of cyanuric chloride with guanidinium hydrochloride. The successful confinement of COP with Ni nanoparticles through post-synthetic transformations (Ni@CGP) provides excellent catalytic activity for the transformation of aryl halides into diaryl selenides using elemental selenium powder. The synthetic transformations are well confirmed using various modern analytical and spectroscopic techniques which reveal high chemical and thermal durability. The N-rich framework of CGP fortifies the confinement of Ni NPs. Ni@CGP provides an efficient approach for diaryl selenides synthesis using a very cheap selenating reagent under water benign solvent conditions (DMSO : H
2
O) at room temperature with high reusability. Significantly, our work not only contributes the opportunity for developing economical and effective non-noble metal decorated COPs as heterogeneous catalysts, but also delivers an efficient approach to produce industrially important C-Se coupling products.
The present work describes the preparation of a new covalent organic polymer and its application as a hetero support for diaryl selenides synthesis.
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes, an endocrine condition, is rising quickly. The alarming rise of diabetes in recent years has emerged as a major contributor to premature death and illness among ...persons of working age. The potential use of immunomodulatory drugs to prevent diabetes has been a source of worry in light of recent advances in our understanding of the role of autoimmune responses in the development of diabetes. Vaccines can work in a variety of ways, including by eliminating autoreactive T-cells or by blocking the connections between immune cells. Most diabetes vaccines that have been created so far have only been evaluated in animal models, with just a small number having undergone successful human trials. In this article, the authors also look at the clinical trial research that are currently being conducted to create a prototype diabetes vaccine.
Exosomes are vital for cellular communication and the transfer of materials between cells. Recently, it has been shown that nanoparticles may be used as diagnostic indicators and as a potential ...medicine delivery strategy due to their nanoscale size and capacity to carry biological components to target cells. Exosomes have the potential to be an appealing and practical approach for drug administration in cancer treatment due to their biocompatibility, high stability, favoured tumour homing, and adjustable targeting efficacy. While exosomes have properties that make them useful for transporting bioactive compounds, the gap between our present understanding of exosome biology and the most optimal condition for their use remains. The rationale for using exosomes as a drug delivery strategy, their production and purification, bioengineering and targeting, uptake and distribution, efficacy, immune response, and other factors will all be discussed in this study. Modern methods are required for observing, categorising, and sorting exosome diversity. Improvements in nanotechnology and our knowledge of exosome biology will undoubtedly speed up the field's medical uses.
The word “theranostics” describes an emerging trend in medicine in which the distinction between diagnosis and therapy blurs. Light or photo is used in theranostics to obtain high precision and ...personalised treatment. As only malignant tissues need to be spared, photo‐triggered theranostics provide highly selective targeting using real‐time imaging. Using nanotechnology to organise a dual‐modality approach is an efficient way to circumvent pharmacokinetic limitations. Photodynamic therapy has been used successfully in the clinic for a while now, and this has paved the path for photo‐triggered theranostics to be developed. The use of light‐activated theranostic nanoforms has progressed from preclinical studies in animals and labs to clinical trials in humans. As both nanomaterials and their methods of manufacture advance, the theranostic approach becomes more nuanced and may be used in a wider range of real‐time imaging and therapy modalities. The depth of anatomical access is also expanding because of developments in light delivery technologies. Combined, these innovations will hasten early cancer diagnosis and make tailored treatment more feasible. A non‐invasive assessment approach also increases patient compliance and reduces risk. Researchers constantly make strides in their effort to create more versatile photo‐sensitive nanoparticles. With any luck, photo‐triggered theranostics may significantly reduce toxicity. In order to provide a better and safer clinical outcome in cancer therapy, this review aims to highlight the latest and greatest innovation research in the domain of nanotheranostics and its photo‐triggering, and to sketch the possibilities for further progression and integration of nanoconstructs and photo‐delivery, and trying to target approach in photo‐triggered theranostics.
Role of Nanomaterials in Photodynamic therapy of Cancer.
Strategies for Treatment of Thyroid Cancer Yadav, Deepika; Sharma, Pramod Kumar; Malviya, Rishabha ...
Current drug targets,
01/2023, Letnik:
24, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
More people are diagnosed with thyroid cancer than any other endocrine tumor. Differentiated thyroid cancer is often treated by removing the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy), iodizing radiation, or ...inhibiting thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Advanced thyroid carcinomas are notoriously resistant to chemotherapy, thus the pursuit of alternative treatments is vital. The best methods for treating individuals with advanced nonmedullary and medullary thyroid carcinomas are discussed in this post. Numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antiangiogenic inhibitors, two types of novel target therapy, have shown promise in studies for individuals with thyroid cancer. Both the positive and unfavourable outcomes of clinical studies of these drugs were addressed. The findings presented here are encouraging, but more study is required to establish whether or not this method is effective in the treatment of thyroid cancer.
A distributed feedback dual-gate graphene-channel field-effect transistor (DFB-DG-GFET) was fabricated as a current-injection terahertz (THz) light-emitting laser transistor. We observed a broadband ...emission in a 1–7.6-THz range with a maximum radiation power of ~10 μW as well as a single-mode emission at 5.2 THz with a radiation power of ~0.1 μW both at 100 K when the carrier injection stays between the lower cutoff and upper cutoff threshold levels. The device also exhibited peculiar nonlinear threshold-like behavior with respect to the current-injection level. The LED-like broadband emission is interpreted as an amplified spontaneous THz emission being transcended to a single-mode lasing. Design constraints on waveguide structures for better THz photon field confinement with higher gain overlapping as well as DFB cavity structures with higher Q factors are also addressed towards intense, single-mode continuous wave THz lasing at room temperature.
Modern medicine has been working to find a cure for cancer for almost a century, but thus far, they have not been very successful. Although cancer treatment has come a long way, more work has to be ...carried out to boost specificity and reduce systemic toxicity. The diagnostic industry is on the cusp of a technological revolution, and early diagnosis is essential for improving prognostic outlook and patient quality of life. In recent years, nanotechnology's use has expanded, demonstrating its efficacy in enhancing fields such as cancer treatment, radiation therapy, diagnostics, and imaging. Applications for nanomaterials are diverse, ranging from enhanced radiation adjuvants to more sensitive early detection instruments. Cancer, particularly when it has spread beyond the original site of cancer, is notoriously tough to combat. Many people die from metastatic cancer, which is why it remains a huge issue. Cancer cells go through a sequence of events known as the "metastatic cascade" throughout metastasis, which may be used to build anti-metastatic therapeutic techniques. Conventional treatments and diagnostics for metastasis have their drawbacks and hurdles that must be overcome. In this contribution, we explore in-depth the potential benefits that nanotechnology-aided methods might offer to the detection and treatment of metastatic illness, either alone or in conjunction with currently available conventional procedures. Anti-metastatic drugs, which can prevent or slow the spread of cancer throughout the body, can be more precisely targeted and developed with the help of nanotechnology. Furthermore, we talk about how nanotechnology is being applied to the treatment of patients with cancer metastases.
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