Social media is a powerful source of communication among people to share their sentiments in the form of opinions and views about any topic or article, which results in an enormous amount of ...unstructured information. Business organizations need to process and study these sentiments to investigate data and to gain business insights. Hence, to analyze these sentiments, various machine learning, and natural language processing-based approaches have been used in the past. However, deep learning-based methods are becoming very popular due to their high performance in recent times. This paper provides a detailed survey of popular deep learning models that are increasingly applied in sentiment analysis. We present a taxonomy of sentiment analysis and discuss the implications of popular deep learning architectures. The key contributions of various researchers are highlighted with the prime focus on deep learning approaches. The crucial sentiment analysis tasks are presented, and multiple languages are identified on which sentiment analysis is done. The survey also summarizes the popular datasets, key features of the datasets, deep learning model applied on them, accuracy obtained from them, and the comparison of various deep learning models. The primary purpose of this survey is to highlight the power of deep learning architectures for solving sentiment analysis problems.
Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural production systems to keep pace with the food and nutritional demand of the galloping population had an adverse impact on ecosystem ...services and environmental quality. Hence, an alternative mechanism is to be developed to enhance farm production and environmental sustainability. A nanohybrid construct like nanofertilizers (NFs) is an excellent alternative to overcome the negative impact of traditional chemical fertilizers. The NFs provide smart nutrient delivery to the plants and proves their efficacy in terms of crop productivity and environmental sustainability over bulky chemical fertilizers. Plants can absorb NFs by foliage or roots depending upon the application methods and properties of the particles. NFs enhance the biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance in plants. It reduces the production cost and mitigates the environmental footprint. Multitude benefits of the NFs open new vistas towards sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. Although supra-optimal doses of NFs have a detrimental effect on crop growth, soil health, and environmental outcomes. The extensive release of NFs into the environment and food chain may pose a risk to human health, hence, need careful assessment. Thus, a thorough review on the role of different NFs and their impact on crop growth, productivity, soil, and environmental quality is required, which would be helpful for the research of sustainable agriculture.
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•Nanofertilizers (NFs) are the best alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers.•Nutrients use efficiency of NFs is higher than the conventional chemical fertilizers.•NFs can increase the tolerance of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses.•Supra optimal dose of NFs had a negative impact on crops, soil, and the environment.
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► The modification of titania (TiO2) support with nickel chloride used as precursor. ► The catalyst of Ru on (NiO–TiO2) support is prepared by simple impregnation method. ► Liquid ...phase hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol over the catalyst Ru/(NiO–TiO2). ► A catalyst Ru/(NiO–TiO2) shows high conversion, yield and selectivity to xylitol. ► Comparative study towards xylose hydrogenation with Raney Ni, Ru/C and Ru/TiO2.
The activity of Ru catalyst on a new class of NiO modified TiO2 support, Ru/(NiO–TiO2), was studied in the liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol. The TiO2 support was modified by simple impregnation method using nickel chloride precursor and subsequent oxidation. Various catalysts with different targeted compositions of Ru (1.0 and 5.0wt%) and NiO (1.0, 5.0 and 10wt%) in NiO–TiO2 were prepared. These catalysts were characterized by using energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX/EDS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and CO chemisorption. The novel catalysts are evaluated for selective hydrogenation of xylose and the results compared with those obtained from conventional Raney Ni, Ru/C and Ru/TiO2 catalysts carried out under identical reaction conditions. The effect of NiO additive in the catalyst Ru/(NiO–TiO2), clearly found to enhance the conversion, yield and selectivity to xylitol. Furthermore, the order of catalytic activity may be given as Ru (1.0%)/NiO (5.0%)–TiO2>Ru (1.0%)/TiO2>Ru (1.0%)/C> Raney Ni. The effects of Ru and NiO loading, xylose concentration (2.5, 15 and 30wt%) and temperature (100, 120 and 140°C) were studied. Although at higher temp 140°C, the conversion of xylose was increased to optimum level, xylose to xylitol selectivity decreased due to formation of by-products.
With the large chunks of social media data being created daily and the parallel rise of realistic multimedia tampering methods, detecting and localising tampering in images and videos has become ...essential. This survey focusses on approaches for tampering detection in multimedia data using deep learning models. Specifically, it presents a detailed analysis of publicly available benchmark datasets for malicious manipulation detection. It also offers a comprehensive list of tampering clues and commonly used deep learning architectures. Next, it discusses the current state-of-the-art tampering detection methods, categorizing them into meaningful types such as deepfake detection methods, splice tampering detection methods, copy-move tampering detection methods, etc. and discussing their strengths and weaknesses. Top results achieved on benchmark datasets, comparison of deep learning approaches against traditional methods and critical insights from the recent tampering detection methods are also discussed. Lastly, the research gaps, future direction and conclusion are discussed to provide an in-depth understanding of the tampering detection research arena.
Post-translational modification (PTM) is a critical and rapid mechanism to regulate all the major cellular processes through the modification of diverse protein substrates. Substrate-specific ...covalent attachment of ubiquitin and Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) with the target proteins, known as ubiquitination and SUMOylation, respectively, are crucial PTMs that regulate almost every process in the cell by modulating the stability and fidelity of the proteins. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation play a very significant role to provide tolerance to the plants in adverse environmental conditions by activating/deactivating the pre-existing proteins to a great extent. We reviewed the importance of ubiquitination and SUMOylation in plants, implicating its prospects in various abiotic stress regulations. An exhaustive study of molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation of plant proteins and their role will contribute to the understanding of physiology underlying mitigation of the abiotic stresses and survival in plants. It will be helpful to strategize the improvement of crops for abiotic stress tolerance.
Anthocyanins are high-value compounds, and their use as functional foods and their natural colorant have potential health benefits. Anthocyanins seem to possess antioxidant properties, which help ...prevent neuronal diseases and thereby exhibit anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. They also show different therapeutic effects against various chronic diseases. Anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in onion. In recent years, although both conventional and improved methods have been used for extraction of anthocyanins, nowadays, improved methods are of great importance because of their higher yield and stability of anthocyanins. In this review, we compile anthocyanins and their derivatives found in onion and the factors affecting their stability. We also analyze different extraction techniques of anthocyanins. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability and subsequently potentiate its bioavailability or beneficial health effects. We present up-to-date information on bioavailability, dietary effects, and health implications of anthocyanins such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous, antiobesity, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.
Characterization of Indian livestock breeds has mostly been limited to single breed/population focused on either physical description of traditionally recognized breeds/populations or to their ...genetic description. Usually, morphological and genetic characterization has taken place in isolation. A parallel morphological characterization of genetically identified breeds or genetic characterization of morphologically described breeds is mostly missing, and their conservation priorities have largely been based on solely considering degree of endangerment. This study uses parallel approach based on morphometric and genetic differentiation for classification of five sheep ecotypes of Maharashtra state, and sets their conservation priority using threat parameters, current utilities/merits and contribution to genetic diversity. A total of 1101 animals were described for 7 body measurements for morphometric characterization. From this sample set, 456 animals were genotyped for 25 microsatellite markers for genetic characterization. Conservation priorities were assessed combining genetic and non-genetic factors. All studied traits varied significantly among ecotypes (p<0.05). All morphometric traits exhibited substantial sexual dimorphism except ear length. Males were 42% heavier than females. Madgyal sheep were the largest amongst the five ecotypes. In the stepwise discriminant analysis, all measured traits were significant and were found to have potential discriminatory power. Tail length was the most discriminatory trait. The Mahalanobis distance of the morphological traits between Kolhapuri and Madgyal was maximum (12.07) while the least differentiation was observed between Madgyal and Solapuri (1.50). Discriminant analysis showed that 68.12% sheep were classified into their source population. The Sangamneri sheep showed least assignment error (22%) whilst Solapuri exhibited maximum error level (41%). A total of 407 alleles were observed, with an average of 16.28 alleles per locus. Sufficient levels of genetic diversity were observed in all the ecotypes with observed heterozygosity values exceeding 0.47 and gene diversity values exceeding 0.76. About 6% of the total genetic variation was explained by population differences (FST = 0.059). Pairwise FST values indicated least differentiation between Solapuri and Madgyal (0.025). In terms of genetic distances, Kolhapuri and Lonand were most closely related (Ds = 0.177). The most probable structure clustering of the five studied populations was at K = 5. The study showed a fair congruence between the dendrogram constructed on the basis of Mahalanobis distances and Nei's as well as Reynolds genetic distances. The findings gave highest conservation priority to Lonand and least to Solapuri ecotype.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•By December 2020, 24.1% of the general population in India had been exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).•For every case of coronavirus disease 2019 detected, ...there were 27 infections.•Seroprevalence was higher in urban areas compared with rural areas.•By December 2020, 25.6% healthcare workers had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Earlier serosurveys in India revealed seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) of 0.73% in May–June 2020 and 7.1% in August–September 2020. A third serosurvey was conducted between December 2020 and January 2021 to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the general population and healthcare workers (HCWs) in India.
The third serosurvey was conducted in the same 70 districts as the first and second serosurveys. For each district, at least 400 individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population and 100 HCWs from subdistrict-level health facilities were enrolled. Serum samples from the general population were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S1-RBD) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, whereas serum samples from HCWs were tested for anti-S1-RBD. Weighted seroprevalence adjusted for assay characteristics was estimated.
Of the 28,598 serum samples from the general population, 4585 (16%) had IgG antibodies against the N protein, 6647 (23.2%) had IgG antibodies against the S1-RBD protein, and 7436 (26%) had IgG antibodies against either the N protein or the S1-RBD protein. Weighted and assay-characteristic-adjusted seroprevalence against either of the antibodies was 24.1% 95% confidence interval (CI) 23.0–25.3%. Among 7385 HCWs, the seroprevalence of anti-S1-RBD IgG antibodies was 25.6% (95% CI 23.5–27.8%).
Nearly one in four individuals aged ≥10 years from the general population as well as HCWs in India had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by December 2020.
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•PBPs from Anabaena variabilis are eco-friendly and non toxic food colorants.•PBPs production optimization elucidated with combinatory approach of GA-Fuzzy logic.•GA- ...Fuzzy-logic-methodology enhances the PBPs production up to 2.13 fold.•FAC and K2HPO4 showed significant effect on the PBPs production.•Significant PBPs enhancement approach without extra light intensity increase.
The production of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) from cyanobacteria represents both the industrial application and their commercial value. In this study, the capability of Anabaena variabilis CCC421 for the production of PBPs was evaluated which was further improved by optimization of selected BG-11 medium components viz. FAC, K2HPO4 and trace metals. A design matrix approach using evolutionary algorithm comprised of genetic-algorithm (GA) and fuzzy-logic-methodology (FLM), i.e., GA-Fuzzy, was used for the optimization. The maximum production of PBPs obtained with combinatory approach of GA-Fuzzy was 408.5 mg/L at an optimum combination of factors (FAC 0.153 g/L, K2HPO4 0.2 g/L and Trace metals 0.5 ml/L) which was a 2.13 fold more than the control medium. This novel approach is very useful for modulating biological processes since various nutrients and metabolites have greater influence on these processes.
Water and salinity stresses are the major environmental concerns limiting crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid ecologies. Focused research is required to develop mitigating strategies ...to manage such stresses. Application of plant-bioregulators (PBRs) may be an effective option to manage water and salinity stresses. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2016–17 and 2017–18 at semi-arid saline site of NW (north-western) India to assess the effectiveness of salicylic acid and thiourea in easing out the adverse effect of variable water deficit and irrigation water salinity regimes. Increasing water deficit and its salinity significantly (P<0.001) reduced all the studied growth parameters, viz. plant height, crop stand, no. of tillers, leaf area index and relative growth rate; and yield attributes like no. of effective tillers, spike length, grains/spike, grain weight/spike, 1000-grain weight, specific weight. Application of either salicylic acid or thiourea significantly improved growth parameters in comparison to control and thiourea proved more effective. Thiourea application improved grain yield by 3.96 and 17.36%, biological yield by 4.21 and 14.82%, effective no. of tillers by 3.77 and 11.91%, weight/spike by 2.83 and 15.17%, 1000-grain weight by 3.72 and 12.66% and specific weight by 2.04 and 8.84% compared to salicylic acid and control, respectively. This might be due to better nutrient uptake, water relations, enhanced CO2 fixation and effective partitioning of assimilates. Thus, thiourea and salicylic acid application in wheat found better as compared to control under saline water stress.
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