In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized ...physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, L-proline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement.
Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms.
L-Proline; Osmoprotectant; Environmental stresses; Cellular mechanisms; Signal transduction, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Cell Biology, Plant Biology.
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•The fabrication of a lead-free double perovskite ternary nanocomposites as a PENG.•A high εr (≈24) is achieved by incorporating La2CuMnO6 and PPy fillers in PVDF.•PENG device yields ...1.63 µA high output current and 14 µW high output power.•It is highlighted as an epidermal device for health monitoring and a temperature sensor.
Advancements in healthcare have surged the need for wearable sensors to track human body movements, yet the longevity of the energy sources powering these devices poses a persistent challenge. In this study, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) utilizing a composite material based on three-phase double perovskite nanoparticles has been engineered, Polypyrrole and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for energy generation. FESEM micrographs validate the uniform dispersion of La2CuMnO6 (LCuMO), La2CoMnO6 (LCoMO) and La2NiMnO6 (LNiMO) nanoparticles and PPy within the PVDF matrix. Notably, the electrical output of the NG-PCu device shows maximum output performance with the incorporation of LCuMO NPs into the PVDF matrix. Optimal performance was achieved with a 10 wt% LCuMO-2 wt% PPy-PVDF composite film, exhibiting an output voltage of ≈20 V, current of ≈1.63 µA, and power density of ≈14 μW/cm2 at 37 MΩ. The PENG consistently delivered power, effectively charging commercial capacitors, highlighting its potential as a reliable and sustainable power source. It also highlights its potential as an epidermal device for monitoring skin motion and a temperature sensor for medical and robotics applications. Hence, advancements in healthcare have surged the need for wearable sensors to track human movements.
Inhibition and eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with conventional antibiotic is difficult, and the treatment is further complicated by the rise of antibiotic resistance among ...staphylococci. Consequently, there is a need for novel antimicrobials that can treat biofilm-related infections and decrease antibiotics burden. Natural compounds such as eugenol with anti-microbial properties are attractive agents that could reduce the use of conventional antibiotics. In this study we evaluated the effect of eugenol on MRSA and MSSA biofilms in vitro and bacterial colonization in vivo.
Effect of eugenol on in vitro biofilm and in vivo colonization were studied using microtiter plate assay and otitis media-rat model respectively. The architecture of in vitro biofilms and in vivo colonization of bacteria was viewed with SEM. Real-time RT-PCR was used to study gene expression. Check board method was used to study the synergistic effects of eugenol and carvacrol on established biofilms. Eugenol significantly inhibited biofilms growth of MRSA and MSSA in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Eugenol at MIC or 2×MIC effectively eradicated the pre-established biofilms of MRSA and MSSA clinical strains. In vivo, sub-MIC of eugenol significantly decreased 88% S. aureus colonization in rat middle ear. Eugenol was observed to damage the cell-membrane and cause a leakage of the cell contents. At sub-inhibitory concentration, it decreases the expression of biofilm-and enterotoxin-related genes. Eugenol showed a synergistic effect with carvacrol on the eradication of pre-established biofilms.
This study demonstrated that eugenol exhibits notable activity against MRSA and MSSA clinical strains biofilms. Eugenol inhibited biofilm formation, disrupted the cell-to-cell connections, detached the existing biofilms, and killed the bacteria in biofilms of both MRSA and MSSA with equal effectiveness. Therefore, eugenol may be used to control or eradicate S. aureus biofilm-related infections.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Endophytic actinomycetes have shown unique plant growth promoting as well as antagonistic activity against fungal phytopathogens. In the present study forty-two endophytic actinomycetes recovered ...from medicinal plants were evaluated for their antagonistic potential and plant growth-promoting abilities. Twenty-two isolates which showed the inhibitory activity against at least one pathogen were subsequently tested for their plant-growth promoting activities and were compared genotypically using DNA based fingerprinting, including enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX repetitive elements. Genetic relatedness based on both ERIC and BOX-PCR generates specific patterns corresponding to particular genotypes. Exponentially grown antagonistic isolates were used to evaluate phosphate solubilization, siderophores, HCN, ammonia, chitinase, indole-3-acetic acid production, as well as antifungal activities. Out of 22 isolates, the amount of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranging between 10-32 μg/ml was produced by 20 isolates and all isolates were positive for ammonia production ranging between 5.2 to 54 mg/ml. Among 22 isolates tested, the amount of hydroxamate-type siderophores were produced by 16 isolates ranging between 5.2 to 36.4 μg/ml, while catechols-type siderophores produced by 5 isolates ranging from 3.2 to 5.4 μg/ml. Fourteen isolates showed the solubilisation of inorganic phosphorous ranging from 3.2 to 32.6 mg/100ml. Chitinase and HCN production was shown by 19 and 15 different isolates, respectively. In addition, genes of indole acetic acid (iaaM) and chitinase (chiC) were successively amplified from 20 and 19 isolates respectively. The two potential strains Streptomyces sp. (BPSAC34) and Leifsonia xyli (BPSAC24) were tested in vivo and improved a range of growth parameters in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under greenhouse conditions. This study is the first published report that actinomycetes can be isolated as endophytes from within these plants and were shown to have antagonistic and plant growth promoting abilities. These results clearly suggest the possibility of using endophytic actinomycetes as bioinoculant for plant growth promotion, nutrient mobilization or as biocontrol agent against fungal phytopathogens for sustainable agriculture.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) comprise a family of regulatory GTP binding proteins. The Arfs regulate membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton remodeling, processes critical for eukaryotes and ...which have been the focus of most studies on Arfs. A more limited literature describes a role in signaling and in integrating several signaling pathways to bring about specific cell behaviors. Here, we will highlight work describing function of Arf1, Arf6 and several effectors and regulators of Arfs in signaling.
•Arf GTPases and their regulators affect signaling pathways by diverse mechanisms.•Arf6 affects lifetime of endocytic vesicles that support signaling.•Arf1 and Arf6 regulates synthesis of signaling lipids by three mechanisms.•Arf1 and Arf6 can directly bind to regulators of other GTPase families.•Arf GEFs and GAPs affect signals by regulating Arfs and by binding signaling proteins.
In the present study,
,
and
were appraised as potential biocontrol agents that induce resistance in chilli (
) against the devastating pathogen
which causes anthracnose. Bright-field and scanning ...electron micrographs showed the hyphal degradation, lysis, and abnormal swelling in
against
in a dual plate assay. Under greenhouse conditions, chilli seeds pretreated with
and
+
by soil soak method inflicted an induced systemic resistance (ISR) in chilli against a
-challenged condition. In chilli, the disease index percentage was significantly reduced in the
+
-treated seeds, followed by the
,
and
-treated seeds as compared to the untreated and challenged, respectively. Chilli seeds were primed with
+
(78.67%), which revealed maximum disease protection under the challenged condition, followed by
(70%),
(64%), and
(56%) as compared to untreated and
-challenged (6%) condition served as control. The seeds that were pretreated with biocontrol agents (BCAs) inflicted ISR against
by enhancing the activity of defence-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)), accumulating phenolic compounds, and increasing the relative chlorophyll content in chilli. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) stains were used to detect the accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide that appeared nearby the fungal infection sites. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (O
and H
O
) in the pathogen-inoculated leaves was a maximum of 48 hpi, followed by
and
+
treated tissue upon
-challenged condition as compared to the control. Overall, our results showed the potential of
as biocontrol agents that prevent infection by
and inflict an induced systemic resistance in chilli by enhancing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, defence and antioxidative enzymes, and reducing the lesion development and reactive oxygen species accumulation. This is the first report of induced systemic resistance against anthracnose in chilli obtained by application of
,
and
, through seed priming.
Obesity has become a major global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence, and the associated health risk. It is the main cause of various metabolic diseases including diabetes, ...hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke and certain forms of cancer.
In the present study we evaluated the anti-obesity property of Daesiho-tang (DSHT), an herbal medicine, using high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice as a model. Our results showed that DSHT ameliorated body weight gain, decreased total body fat, regulated expression of leptin and adiponectin genes of adipose tissue and exerted an anti-diabetic effect by attenuating fasting glucose level and serum insulin level in HFD-fed animals. In addition, DSHT-treatment significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and increased high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) levels in serum and reduced deposition of fat droplets in liver. DSHT treatment resulted in significantly increased relative abundance of bacteria including Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, Akkermansia Bifidobacterium., Lactobacillus, and decreased the level of Firmicutes. Using RT2 profiler PCR array, 39 (46%) genes were found to be differentially expressed in HFD-fed mice compared to normal control. However, normal gene expressions were restored in 36 (92%) genes of HFD-fed mice, when co-exposed to DSHT.
The results of this study demonstrated that DSHT is an effective herbal formulation in attenuation of obesity in HFD-fed mice through alteration of gene expressions and modulation of intestinal microbiota.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The requirement for energy and its management is growing in today's world. The energy sector is an area of interest for many countries around the world. To address the current fossil fuel issue, the ...scientific community is developing novel energy-saving experiments. Thermal energy storage is a mode of conserving energy. Thermal energy storage not only reduces energy consumption inconsistencies but also improves energy efficiency and reliability, which is an important part of energy conservation. In the realm of thermal energy storage, phase change materials (PCMs) are growing popularity and gaining awareness. By expanding, the area of heat transfer and reducing the seepage of melting materials, microcapsules improve the mechanical and thermal performance of PCMs used in the storage of thermal energy. PCM encapsulation is required to avoid PCM leakage, increase heat transmission, and control and reduce PCM reactivity with the environment. A vast number of researches on PCM microcapsules have been reported recently to explain their utility in energy systems. A complete evaluation of PCM microcapsules for thermal energy storage is presented in this paper. This review covers five topics: PCM classification, shell materials of encapsulation, microencapsulation methods, characterization of PCM microcapsules, and thermal applications. This review intends to aid researchers from diverse domains to gain a better understanding of PCM microcapsules and provide crucial guidance for future thermal energy storage using this technology.
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