The article gives an overview of the constructions of berthing facilities recommended for erection in severe climatic conditions. The main conditions for the application of each type of structure are ...singled out. Features of operating conditions of structures on the Arctic shelf are analyzed. Recommendations are given for choosing the optimal type of structures when there are weak soils at the base of the construction site, as well as under ice and seismic influences. The berthing facilities constructed in severe climatic conditions, both in Russia and abroad, are analyzed. The expediency of using shells of large diameter, which are thin metal or reinforced concrete casings (usually cylindrical shells), whose cavities are filled with coarse ground, have been substantiated in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic. The main advantages of this type of structures are described, and a number of problems are emphasized that are primarily related to the interaction of the shell and the filler material. The difficulties in organizing the transfer of the load from the shell structure to the ground base are singled out.
In the framework of the comprehensive research of Far Eastern natural populations of soybean nodule bacteria, laboratory experiments have been conducted at the All-Russia Scientific Research ...Institute of Soybean (Blagoveshchensk) with the purpose to identify distinctive features of rhizobia species
Sinorhizobium fredii
(Scholla and Elkan, 1984) and
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
(Jordan, 1982) whose pure cultures were isolated from soils of Far Eastern regions practicing soybean cultivation. It is established that
B. japonicum
strains start growing in Petri dishes on the seventh to tenth and even on the 20th day after the inoculation, assimilate a limited number of carbon nutrition sources, release mostly alkaline metabolic products, and feature a relatively low osmotic resistance. Representatives of this species are susceptible to extreme environmental conditions; their growth sharply slows down on acidic and alkaline nutrient media and stops at high (37–42°C) temperatures. However, under the optimal conditions, this rhizobia species dominates in the nodulation of soybean plants due to its high and persistent virulence. The restriction analysis of the studied
B. japonicum
strains confirmed their identity.
S. fredii
strains start growing in Petri dishes on the second to fourth day after the inoculation, assimilate well a broad spectrum of carbon nutrition sources, and release acidic metabolic products. Most strains of this species feature high osmotic resistance. Cultures retaining universal growth capacity under extreme environmental conditions (high temperatures and low and high pH values) have been identified in the group of
S. fredii
strains. This rhizobia species can predominate in the formation of symbiotic mechanisms in years featuring extreme weather conditions. Enzymatic fermentation of gene 16S rRNA in the studied
S. fredii
strains was performed using restriction enzyme
Hae
III; the analysis of the fermentation results confirmed the identity of these strains. The RAPD-PCR analysis has demonstrated the intraspecific specificity of the studied
B. japonicum
and
S. fredii
strains: these species feature high degrees of polymorphism reflecting their population heterogeneity.
A full azimuthal
φ
-wedge of the ATLAS liquid argon end-cap calorimeter has been exposed to beams of electrons, muons and pions in the energy range
6
GeV
⩽
E
⩽
200
GeV
at the CERN SPS. The angular ...region studied corresponds to the ATLAS impact position around the pseudorapidity interval
1.6
<
|
η
|
<
1.8
. The beam test setup is described. A detailed study of the performance is given as well as the related intercalibration constants obtained. Following the ATLAS hadronic calibration proposal, a first study of the hadron calibration using a weighting ansatz is presented. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo simulations, based on GEANT 3 and GEANT 4 models.
The investigation of the effect of heavy metal salts on the activity of RNases of soybean seedlings inoculated with soybean rhizobia strains showed changes in specific activity and the spectrum of ...the multiple forms of the enzyme depending on the concentrations of salts and soybean rhizobia strains.
During the elimination of emergencies, fires and their consequences, units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine work in a specific environment, which is due to adverse factors affecting them. ...Fire hazards are manifestations that cause or may lead to burns, poisoning by volatile combustion products or injury or death, causing material and other damage. Dangerous factors of fire include: fever, smoke, deterioration of the gas environment.
To date, a number of different (both in terms of technical characteristics and type) special protective equipment is used to perform the tasks assigned by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, which may not always protect the firefighter from the effects of certain dangerous factors that occur in a fire. The current national standards in Ukraine set only the minimum technical requirements for such equipment, which are insufficient to identify substandard products that fall into the equipment of these units. Therefore, in order to prevent the use of such low-quality protective equipment, it is necessary to study all possible risks and dangers that arise during emergency response by the State Emergency Service of Ukraine and develop reasonable requirements for special protective equipment and appropriate test methods.
The above determines the relevance of the study aimed at implementing in Ukraine modern requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation. This is necessary to implement the requirements of the Technical Regulations for construction products, buildings and structures in order to ensure the safety of rescue teams during firefighting.
In order to assist in solving this problem at the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Protection by order of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine plans to conduct research on "Substantiation of quality indicators and methods of assessing special protective equipment firefighter" (topic code: Protective equipment - indicators quality "), which will develop a draft national standard of Ukraine, which sets requirements for quality indicators of special protective equipment for firefighters, methods and procedures for their evaluation.
The danger to society caused by the consequences of natural disasters tends to increase despite the general technical progress and the application of measures to prevent them and combat them. Every ...year the number of victims, in particular, from floods increases by an average of 6%. Flooding in certain areas can occur due to floods and inundations. Floods are natural processes that occur in the biosphere and affect the planet for millennia. Flood is a significant flooding of the area due to rising water levels in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, caused by downpours, spring snowmelt, wind surges, destruction of dams, dams and more. Floods cause great material damage and casualties.
The water level in reservoirs depends on many different factors. All over the world, experts conduct long-term observations, tracking all seasonal changes, and collect data for forecasting. Floods and their causes are well studied. The main causes of these disasters are:
- prolonged rains;
- melting snow;
- raising the bottom;
- strong winds and storms;
- groundwater;
Thus, the issue of using modern technical means of protection against flooding of territories and objects of various purposes is relevant.
A number of publications consider current trends in effective flood risk management planning in the European Union and describe the catastrophic consequences of floods and ways to combat them, and so on. At the same time, these studies do not contain data on testing and implementation in Ukraine of modern technical means to combat floods in the EU.
To address these issues, the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Defense commissioned by the State Service of Ukraine for Emergencies has developed a method of testing water-absorbing devices designed for:
- flood protection;
- changes in the direction of water flow during floods, torrential rains, melting snow, etc.
- removal of water from flooded areas (basements, garages, etc.);
- elimination of environmental accidents (spills of oil, diesel fuel and other chemicals).
Developed by the Institute of Public Administration and Research on Civil Protection, the method of testing water-absorbing means will allow in the future to test and assess the suitability of such technical means for use by fire and rescue units when performing tasks to remove water from flooded areas and create barriers to water. time of protection against floods, changes in the direction of water flow during floods, torrential rains, melting snow, etc.
The urgency of the issue of substantiation of technical requirements to fire-fighting layflat delivery hoses for fire-rescue equipment is given.
Fire hoses are a significant component of fire ...fighting equipment. According to DSTU 2273, a fire hose is a flexible conduit fitted at the ends with connecting heads intended for the transport of extinguishing agents.
Among the technical means intended for the transportation of extinguishing agents to the fire cell, the main role is certainly played by delivery fire hoses. According to DSTU 2273 delivery fire hoses (in EU countries they are classified as "layflat") are intended for transportation of extinguishing agents under excess pressure.
At present, there are a number of standards in Ukraine and in the leading countries of the world that set the technical requirements for delivery fire hoses, in particular those used in conjunction with fire rescue equipment, namely DSTU 3810-98, DIN 14811, EN 14540: 2004 + A1: 2007, etc. In addition, a draft state standard is being developed in the Republic of Belarus.
Considering the process of gradual integration of Ukraine into the European Union and the fact that the requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 do not meet the modern European requirements for layflat delivery hoses for fire-fighting equipment, a pressing issue is the justification such types of hoses.
In order to assist in solving this problem, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection is currently conducting a research work "Justification of fire hose test methods", within which a national standard will be developed, which regulates general technical requirements and test methods for the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue vehicles.
The basic technical requirements for the specified hoses, which meet the modern requirements of the EU and which, after appropriate experimental justification, can be considered in the draft national standard, which regulates the general technical requirements and test methods for the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue vehicles to be developed. This publication lists six tables that provide basic specifications for delivery fire hoses.
Keywords: abrasion, burst pressure, layflat delivery fire hoses, fire – rescue vehicles, proof pressure, technical requirements, specifications, working pressure.
The urgency of the necessity of experimental substantiation of quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their estimation is noted, taking into ...account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of experimental researches of fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment by quality indicators are presented: resistance of the hoses to the action of working hydraulic pressure, resistance of the hoses to the action of the proof hydraulic pressure, burst pressure and abrasion resistance. Delivery fire hoses are one of the main types of fire fighting equipment. Delivery fire hoses in the course of operation undergo mechanical wear, are exposed to the sun's rays, microbiological putrefactive processes, accidental ingress of chemically active substances, the influence of low and high temperatures, irreversible processes of material aging. All this causes the appearance of defects of different nature. Analysis of the causes of failure of delivery fire hoses showed that of all failures more than 60% are fistulas, as well as breaks and disruptions of heads - 30% and 10% respectively. The analysis of the presence and nature of defects during the regular testing of workers and decommissioned fire hoses showed that the defects are divided into: explicit (gusts and fistulas) that violate the tightness of the hoses; visible cuts, abrasions, missing and chemical corrosion from contamination of fuel and lubricants that do not violate the tightness of the hoses; hidden (unnoticed cuts, breaks in the threads of the power frame, etc.) that do not violate the tightness of the hoses. Studies have shown that only 75% of defects are detected during hydraulic testing, and undetected defects result in hoses failing in a fire. To date, requirements for assessing the quality of delivery fire hoses for fire - fighting equipment in Ukraine are set out in the standard DSTU 3810-98. At the same time, these requirements are to some extent obsolete and do not meet the current regulations of the leading countries in the world on this issue. In view of the above, it is urgent to experimentally justify the quality indicators of the fire-fighting layflat hoses for fire – rescue equipment and methods of their evaluation, taking into account the modern approaches set out in European standards. The results of the pilot studies will be used to justify the provisions of the draft national standard of Ukraine that will be developed and to improve the existing test base.
Keywords: abrasion, burst pressure, experimental research, fire – rescue equipment, layflat delivery fire hoses,, proof pressure, quality indicators, technical requirements, specifications, working pressure
The urgency of the substantiation of modern classification requirements and technical parameters to delivery fire hoses for fire-rescue equipment is given. The types, nomenclature, classification and ...basic parameters of layflat delivery fire hoses of domestic production and production of leading countries of the world are analyzed. The basis for ensuring the operational and tactical actions of the units of the Operational Rescue Service of the Civil Protection Service of Ukraine for the elimination of natural and man-made emergencies, including extinguishing fires and carrying out rescue operations. His technical status, ability of personnel to properly operate the equipment at his disposal depends on the efficiency and tactical capabilities of the operational and rescue units. Fire hoses are a significant component of fire fighting equipment. Among the technical means intended for the transportation of extinguishing agents to the fire cell, the main role is certainly played by delivery fire hoses. Currently in Ukraine information on the types, nomenclature, classification and basic parameters of delivery fire hoses for rescue vehicles is given in the current national standard DSTU 3810-98. Given that the requirements of the national standard DSTU 3810-98 to some extent obsolete and do not meet the practical needs of today, it is urgent to justify the current classification requirements and technical parameters to layflat delivery fire hoses for firefighting equipment. Known research reports provide research findings on the establishment of classification requirements and technical parameters for delivery fire hoses, in particular those used in conjunction with fire and rescue equipment. At the same time, these studies do not fully reflect the current experience of EU countries on the subject. In order to solve this problem, at the Ukrainian Research Institute of Civil Protection a research work is being conducted "Grounding of fire hose test methods", within which a national standard will be developed that will establish, in particular, the classification requirements parameters to the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles.
Keywords: classification, layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue equipment, technical parameters.
The urgency of the development of the corresponding national standard, which regulates the technical requirements and test methods for the layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicle.
Currently, the ...Operative Rescue Service mainly uses pressure hoses of the “T” type (for fire vehicle ) with a diameter of 51 mm and 77 mm, the technical condition of which often does not meet the requirements, which may not withstand the pressure that pumps of even traditionally used fire vehicle develop when extinguishing fires. The use of such hoses in extinguishing real fires can limit the ability, reduce the effectiveness of operational and tactical operations of operational and rescue units, as well as put personnel at risk.
Today, there are a number of complaints from Civil Protection Operations and Rescue units regarding substandard fire hoses being purchased and operated. Basically, the complaints concern the non-conformity of these products with respect to the pressure requirements and the wear resistance of the surface of the material from which it is made. Over the past three years, the State Emergency Service has purchased about 120 fire vehicle each year, which are completed with fire delivery hoses with diameters of 51 and 77 mm.
The requirements of the current national standard DSTU 3810-98 in Ukraine are outdated and do not meet the practical needs of today. Taking into account that new types of fire hoses and technologies of their creation have appeared in the leading countries of the world, and considering that the standard in Ukraine DSTU EN 15889: 2017 does not apply to layflat delivery fire hoses for fire vehicles, the issue of developing a national standard for this type of fire hose is urgent. In addition, European regulatory document CEN / TR 16099 states that the EU does not have a single standard that sets the technical requirements for "flat-fire attack hoses", ie those used with fire-fighting pumps. In EU countries, this issue is likely to be governed by the individual national standards of the Member States. This is confirmed by the German national standard DIN 14811-2008 / A1-2012, A2-2014.
The technical characteristics and test methods of fire hoses in accordance with current DSTU 3810-98 and German standard DIN 14811-2008 are given. On the basis of analytical research the methods of testing layflat delivery fire hoses are specified, which will be given in the draft national standard.
Keywords: layflat delivery fire hoses, rescue vehicles, specifications, test methods.
PDF
