High resolution observation of density of interface states (Dit) at SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces was performed by time-resolved scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (tr-SNDM). The sizes of the ...non-uniform contrasts observed in the map of Dit were in the order of several tens of nanometres, which are smaller than the value reported in the previous study (>100 nm). The simulation of the tr-SNDM measurement suggested that the spatial resolution of tr-SNDM is down to the tip radius of the cantilever used for the measurement and can be smaller than the lateral spread of the depletion layer width.
•Distributions of defects at SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces were visualized.•Time-resolved scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy was performed.•Clusters of defects with the sizes of <100 nm were visualized.•The spatial resolution of tr-SNDM was estimated to be 28 nm by a simulation.•The simulated value was confirmed to be in agreement with the experimental results.
Organic nanomolecules have become one of the most attractive materials for new nanoelectronics devices. Understanding of the electronic density of states around the Fermi energy of low-dimensional ...molecules is crucial in designing the electronic properties of molecular devices. The low dimensionality of nanomolecules results in new electronic properties owing to their unique symmetry. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy is one of the most effective techniques for studying the electronic states of nanomolecules, particularly near the Fermi energy (±1.5 eV), whereas these molecular electronic states are frequently buried by the tunneling probability background in tunneling spectroscopy, resulting in incorrect determination of the molecular electronic states. Here, we demonstrate how to recover nanomolecular electronic states from dI dV curves obtained by tunneling spectroscopy. Precise local density of states (LDOS) peaks for low-dimensional nanostructures (monolayer ultrathin films, one-dimensional chains, and single molecules) of phthalocyanine (H2Pc) molecules grown on noble fcc-Cu(111) were obtained.
Abstract This study describes a patient who experienced hepatobiliary Mycobacterium avium infection associated with neutralizing anti–interferon gamma (IFN-γ) autoantibodies during treatment for ...disseminated M. avium disease. Hepatobiliary M. avium infection should be considered in jaundiced patients with neutralizing anti–IFN-γ autoantibodies, including those receiving antimycobacterial therapy for disseminated M. avium disease.
Nano-sized materials are widely used in consumer products, medical devices and engineered pharmaceuticals. Advances in nanotechnology have resulted in materials smaller than the nanoscale, but the ...biologic safety of the sub-nanosized materials has not been fully assessed. In this study,
we evaluated the toxic effects of sub-nanosized platinum particles (snPt) in the mouse liver. After intravenous administration of snPt (15 mg/kg body weight) into mice, histological analysis revealed acute hepatic injury, and biochemical analysis showed increased levels of serum markers of
liver injury and inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, administration of nano-sized platinum particles did not produce these abnormalities. Furthermore, snPt induced cytotoxicity when directly applied to primary hepatocytes. These data suggest that snPt have the potential to induce hepatotoxicity.
These findings provide useful information on the further development of sub-nanosized materials.
Stripes on Penrose tilings Hizume, A; Yamagishi, Y
Journal of physics. A, Mathematical and theoretical,
01/2011, Letnik:
44, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Background In certain circumstances, drugs for autoimmune disease are continued to be prescribed to pregnant women. Especially, various kinds of biological agents for autoimmune disease are being ...brought to the market in recent years and the safety of these drugs in perinatal periods is still uncertain. Objectives To investigate descriptive data of adverse drug events in perinatal periods which were reported to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in Japan and evaluate impacts of the exposure of drugs for autoimmune disease on perinatal outcomes. Methods We reviewed the PMDA regulatory databases for adverse drug events in perinatal periods which were reported between January 2012 and October 2013. Autoimmune disease in the present study was defined according to the ICD-10 codes. Drugs for autoimmune disease were categorized into steroids, biological agents (monoclonal antibody and Fc fusion protein), other immunosuppressants, NSAIDs and anti-thyroid drugs (methimazole and propylthiouracil), as to the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Main outcome measures were fetal death (miscarriage, stillbirth and abortion due to medical reasons) and neonatal death. Logistic regression analysis, which included maternal age and BMI, was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for perinatal outcomes by clinical factors including drug exposure during pregnancy were estimated. Results We identified 521 cases (maternal age: 15-47 yrs; mean 32.3±5.5), of which 130 were miscarriage, 12 stillbirth and 4 neonatal death. Mean values of birth weight and gestational age of the infants were 2441±782 g and 35.7±4.0 wk, respectively. Malformation was reported in 122 cases; 35, very low birth weight (<1500 g); 45, small for gestational age; 43, Apgar score at 5 min <7. Of the 521 cases, 123 had autoimmune disease (11, rheumatoid arthritis; 11, SLE; 80, autoimmune thyroid disease; 4, inflammatory bowel disease). Sixty-six cases received steroids; 15, biological agents; 36, other immunosuppressants; 21, NSAIDs; 75, anti-thyroid drugs. Advanced maternal age (35≤) was associated with an increase in fetal/neonatal death (adjusted OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.32-3.80, P<0.01). Steroids, biological agents, other immunosuppressants, NSAIDs and anti-thyroid drugs were not associated with fetal/neonatal death. Malformation of infants was less frequent in the steroids exposure group (adjusted OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.61, P<0.01). On the other hand, anti-thyroid drugs were related to malformation (adjusted OR 23.3, 95% CI 10.9-49.8, P<0.01), but not to multiple malformation (two or more types of malformation). Biological agents were associated with multiple malformation (adjusted OR 8.50, 95% CI 1.40-51.1, P=0.02). Steroids and other immunosuppressants were both associated with low birth weight (<2500g). Very low birth weight tended to be frequent in the NSAIDs exposure group (adjusted OR 4.72, 95% CI 0.99-22.5, P=0.05). Conclusions Advanced maternal age was associated with fetal/neonatal death. None of the drug categories for autoimmune disease in the study was detected as a related factor for fetal/neonatal death. Effects of biological agents exposure on multiple malformation may be unfavorable and further investigation is warranted. Disclosure of Interest R. Sato: None declared, M. Ikuma: None declared, K. Takagi: None declared, J. Asano: None declared, Y. Yamagishi: None declared, Y. Matsunaga: None declared, H. Watanabe Grant/research support: the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, Teika Seiyaku, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Mochida, Pfizer, Asteras and Daiichi Sankyo, Consultant for: Pfizer, Acterion, Novartis, Daiich Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline and Nihon Shinyaku DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4118
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