Women are more vulnerable to stress and have a higher likelihood of developing mood disorders. The serotonin (5HT) system has been highly implicated in stress response and mood regulation. However, ...sex-dependent mechanisms underlying serotonergic regulation of stress vulnerability remain poorly understood. Here, we report that adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) of the Ascl1 lineage (Ascl1-NSCs) in female mice express functional 5HT1A receptors (5HT1ARs), and selective deletion of 5HT1ARs in Ascl1-NSCs decreases the Ascl1-NSC pool only in females. Mechanistically, 5HT1AR deletion in Ascl1-NSCs of females leads to 5HT-induced depolarization mediated by upregulation of 5HT7Rs. Furthermore, repeated restraint stress (RRS) impairs Ascl1-NSC maintenance through a 5HT1AR-mediated mechanism. By contrast, Ascl1-NSCs in males express 5HT7R receptors (5HT7Rs) that are downregulated by RRS, thus maintaining the Ascl1-NSC pool. These findings suggest that sex-specific expression of distinct 5HTRs and their differential interactions with stress may underlie sex differences in stress vulnerability.
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•Adult mouse Ascl1-NSCs express 5HT1ARs in females, while they express 5HT7Rs in males•5HT1AR deletion in Ascl1-NSCs of females impairs NSCs via upregulation of 5HT7Rs•Stress upregulates 5HT7Rs in Ascl1-NSCs of females and reduces NSCs via 5HT1ARs•Stress downregulates 5HT7Rs in Ascl1-NSCs of males, and NSCs are maintained
Luo et al. report sex-specific expression of distinct 5HTRs in adult mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) and their differential interaction with stress in regulating NSCs. Specifically, stress upregulates 5HT7Rs in NSCs of females and reduces the NSC pool via 5HT1ARs, while it downregulates 5HT7Rs in NSCs of males and maintains the NSC pool.
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•The novel DODMADGA ILs were designed and synthesize for the first time.•The ILs were applied to extraction and solidification of Th(IV) by self-assembly.•The DODMA+ ILs was ...introduced to the extraction field for the first time.•Self-assembly extraction was developed by expansion of inevitable third phase.•Self-assembly extraction of Th(IV) exhibited excellent DTh values and selectivity.
Based on the dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride surfactant, three novel ionic liquids (ILs) involving dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODMA+ cations and N,N-dialkyl-diglycolamide acid (DGA) anions was firstly designed and synthesized for extraction of thorium ions in nitric acid solution. The integrated extraction and solidification of Th(IV) was developed by formation of self-assembly (SA) solid in two-phase interface. The SA solid was identified by spectroscopic methods including SEM with mapping EDS, XPS, FT-IR and ESI-HRMS. The excellent extraction efficiency was observed for extraction of thorium using DODMA+DGA- ionic liquids, more than 99% of Th(IV) were extracted and enriched as SA solid in one-step process. The outstanding selectivity of Th(IV) to Ln(III) and U(VI) was observed, and separation factors were up to 3470 for Th/Eu and more than of 1980 for Th/U, respectively. The proposed strategy not only provides an alternate method for the separation of thorium ions with uranyl ions and lanthanides(III) ions in the nuclear fuel cycle, but also pioneers to develop the self-assembly extraction based on DODMA+ ionic liquids. In view of the similarity of Pu(IV) and Th(IV), the simple integrated strategy may be further expanded for extraction and enrichment of Pu(IV) in nuclear industry.
To assess the relationship between sleep duration and the risk of major eye disorders including myopia, glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
...Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library were searched for eligible publications before July 2021. Studies assessing the relationship between sleep duration and any one of the major eye disorders were identified. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using random-effects models.
We identified 21 relevant articles including 777348 participants, and 17 were cross-sectional, 3 were longitudinal, and 1 was case-control. Pooled results indicated that long sleep duration was significantly associated with the risk of DR (OR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.24, 2.73), and short sleep duration was significantly associated with the risk of cataract (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05, 1.36). Besides, a significant relationship was observed between the risk of DR and long sleep duration per day (i.e., nighttime sleep plus daytime napping, OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.23, 2.44) rather than per night (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 0.95, 4.99). The extreme of long sleep duration (i.e., >10 h per night) increased the risk of myopia (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.04).
Inappropriate sleep duration might increase the risk of major eye disorders. The findings could contribute to the growing knowledge on the possible relationship between circadian rhythms and eye disorders.
Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the second most common female malignant tumor in the world. According to a study in 2018, the incidence of cervical cancer in Yunnan Province of China was 11.42 ...per 100,000, the mortality rate was 3.77 per 100,000, and higher than the national average. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be used not only in the selection and effect evaluation of clinical treatment plans of cervical cancer, but also in the evaluation of prognosis and long-term survival status. In this study, 288 cervical cancer patients admitted to the Yunnan Cancer Hospital in Southwest China from 2018 to 2020 were used as the survey objects to understand the HRQoL of cervical cancer patients and explore the related factors that affect HRQoL.
Methods
The Chinese version of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cervix (functional assessment of cancer therapy-cervix v4.0, FACT-Cx V4) was used to investigate 288 patients with cervical cancer in Yunnan Province. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test, analysis of variance, multiple linear regression and other methods.
Results
The total FACT-Cx score of cervical cancer patients was (130.16 ± 14.20), the physical well-being (PWB) score was (22.02 ± 4.47), the social/family well-being (SWB) score was (25.66 ± 3.59), the emotional well-being (EWB) score was (19.75 ± 3.54), the functional well-being (FWB) score was (16.91 ± 5.01) and the additional focus area (cervical cancer subscale, CxS) score was (45.78 ± 4.61). From the multi-factor analysis results, the scores of PWB, FWB, Cxs and the total FACT-Cx were related to the choice of different treatment methods, the PWB scores of patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was low(β = − 1.67,
P
= 0.003), the FWB scores of patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was low(β = − 2.02,
P
= 0.001), the CxS scores of patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was low(β = − 1.61,
P
= 0.006), the total score of FACT-Cx of patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy was low(β = − 5.91,
P
= 0.001). SWB score was affected by marital status, married patients had high PWB scores(β = 5.44,
P
= 0.006). The patients with heavy disease expenditures as aproportion of family disposable income(β = − 3.82,
P
= 0.002) and aged 60 and above(β = − 3.29,
P
= 0.003) had lower FWB scores. The total score FACT-Cx of patients participating in cervical cancer screening was higher(β = 7.61,
P
= 0.001).
Conclusion
The choice of treatment method is the common influencing factor of PWB, FWB, Cxs and the total FACT-Cx. Disease expenditures as a proportion of family disposable income, the treatment method, the marital status and whether to participate in cervical cancer screening affect the patient’s evaluation of their own HRQoL. Medical staff should pay special attention to the choice of different treatment methods, popularize vaccination knowledge and cervical cancer screening, give more humanistic care and health education to cervical cancer patients who have low education level, poor economic conditions, divorced or separated, and encourage patients to participate in active treatment to improve the health-related quality of life.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Correction for ‘Distinct spin–lattice and spin–phonon interactions in monolayer magnetic CrI3’ by Lucas Webster et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 23546–23555, ...https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP03599G.
An efficient procedure for the synthesis of novel spiroindoline‐3,11′‐pyrazolo3,4‐fpyrimido4,5‐bquinoline derivatives has been developed by one‐pot condensation of 1H‐indazol‐6‐amine, isatin and ...barbituric acid or 2‐thiobarbituric acid, in the presence of L‐proline in refluxing EtOH. This method has the advantages of operational simplicity, high yield of products via a simple experimental and work‐up procedure. IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 19F NMR and HRMS were used to identify the structures of all the synthesized compounds.
An efficient procedure for the synthesis of novel spiroindoline‐3,11′‐pyrazolo3,4‐fpyrimido4,5‐bquinoline derivatives.
In order to unravel the cadmium (Cd) enrichment patterns in rice (
Oryza sativa
L.) grown under different exogenous exposure pathways, the pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. Cd was added ...to the soil-rice system via mixing soil with Cd-containing solution, irrigating the pots with Cd-containing water and leaf-spraying with Cd solution to simulate soil pollution (SPS), irrigation water pollution (IPS), and atmospheric deposit pollution sources (APS), respectively. No significant (
p
> 0.05) differences in plant height and rice grain yield were observed among all treatments including three different Cd pollution sources and control. The contents of Cd in rice plants significantly (
p
< 0.05) increased with increase in Cd concentrations in three pollution sources. The distribution pattern of Cd in the rice plant organs treated with SPS and IPS followed the order: roots > stems > leaves > husk > brown rice, while it was leaves > roots > stems > husk > brown rice treated with APS. At the same level of treatment, the highest concentration of Cd was observed in rice organs (except for middle and high concentrations treatment roots) grown under APS, followed by IPS and SPS, suggesting that the Cd bioavailability from different pollution sources followed the order of APS > IPS > SPS. It is concluded that the atmospheric pollution contributed more enrichment of rice with Cd. Therefore, in field environment, air deposits should also be analyzed for toxic metals during assessment of food chain contamination and health risk.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), such as delirium and cognitive impairment, are commonly encountered complications in aged patients. The inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid ...(GABA) is aberrantly synthesized from reactive astrocytes following inflammatory stimulation and is implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in PND. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3-GABA signaling pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of aging mice's PND.
24-month-old C57BL/6 and astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout male mice were used to establish a PND model via tibial fracture surgery. The monoamine oxidase-B (MAOB) inhibitor selegiline (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once a day for 7 days after the surgery. PND, including impulsive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment, was evaluated by open field test, elevated plus maze, and fear conditioning. Thereafter, pathological changes of neurodegeneration were explored by western blot and immunofluorescence assays.
Selegiline administration significantly ameliorated TF-induced impulsive-like behaviors and reduced excessive GABA production in reactive hippocampal astrocytes. Moreover, astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice reversed TF-induced impulsive-like and cognitive impairment behaviors, decreased GABA levels in reactive astrocytes, ameliorated NLRP3-associated inflammatory responses during the early stage, and restored neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus.
Our findings suggest that anesthesia and surgical procedures trigger neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits, which may be due to NLRP3-GABA activation in the hippocampus of aged mice.
Anesthesia is unavoidable in surgical procedures. However, whether the general anesthetics are neurotoxic to immature brains remains undefined. Neurodevelopmental impairment induced by anesthesia has ...been a critical health issue and topic of concern. This review summarizes recent progress made in clinical and preclinical studies to provide useful suggestions and potential therapeutic targets for the protection of the immature brain. On the one hand, clinical researchers continue the debate about the effect of single and multiple exposures to anesthesia on developing brains. On the other hand, preclinical researchers focus on exploring the mechanisms of neurotoxic effects of general anesthesia on immature brains and seeking novel solutions. Rodent models have always been used in preclinical studies, but it is still unclear whether the mechanisms observed in rodent models have clinical relevance. Compared with these models, non-human primates (NHPs) are more genetically similar to humans. However, few research institutions in this area can afford to use NHP models in their studies. One way to address both problems is by combining single-cell sequencing technologies to screen differential gene expression in NHPs and perform
validation in rodents. The mechanism of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity still requires further elucidation in primates.
Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are cis-acting DNA elements that can increase transgene expression levels in a CHO cell expression system. To investigate the effects of MAR combinations on transgene ...expression and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, we generated constructs in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene flanked by different combinations of human β-interferon and β-globin MAR (iMAR and gMAR, respectively), which was driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or simian virus (SV) 40 promoter. These were transfected into CHO-K1 cells, which were screened with geneticin; eGFP expression was detected by flow cytometry. The presence of MAR elements increased transfection efficiency and transient and stably expression of eGFP expression under both promoters; the level was higher when the two MARs differed (i.e., iMAR and gMAR) under the CMV but not the SV40 promoter. For the latter, two gMARs showed the highest activity. We also found that MARs increased the ratio of stably transfected positive colonies. These results indicate that combining the CMV promoter with two different MAR elements or the SV40 promoter with two gMARs is effective for inducing high expression level and stability of transgenes.
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