The effect of ultrasound thawing with different frequencies and working modes, including mono-, dual- and tri-frequency, on the physicochemical quality, water holding capacity, microbial evaluation, ...microstructure, as well as moisture migration and distribution of quick-frozen small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) were evaluated. The results showed that the quality of samples thawed by sequential ultrasound working modes was higher than that of the simultaneous ultrasound and mono-frequency ultrasound working modes. Specifically, the samples thawed by combined dual-frequency sequential ultrasound (DSEU) at 20/40 kHz was close to fresh samples, which had better physicochemical quality (higher hardness, springiness, resilience, chewiness and lower TVB-N values, TBARS values, K-values), water-holding capacity (lower thawing loss and cooking loss), and microstructure, higher immobilized water content, lower free water content, and less microbial colonies, compared with other ultrasonically thawed samples. Therefore, the DSEU at 20/40 kHz can improve the quality of the samples better than other thawing methods.
•Multi-frequency ultrasound was used to thaw quick-frozen small yellow croaker.•Product quality was improved by dual-frequency sequential ultrasound (DSEU) thawing.•The DSEU 20/40 kHz was the best frequency combination when thawing quick-frozen fish.•The samples thawed by DSEU at 20/40 kHz can retain more immobilized water content.•The moisture migration and distribution affect the quality of the sample.
Currently, probiotics have received constantly rising scientific attention in the field of public health including healthcare and functional foods developments. Among them, the abundance and ...bioactivity of Bifidobacterium has strongly correlation with human intestinal health through intervention of gut microbiota. As heteroglycan is an indispensable component of diet, it is of great significance to explore its unique metabolic mechanism by Bifidobacterium to promote intestinal function and expand its practical application in healthy foods.
This review covers the recent research frontiers on the utilization mechanism of heteroglycan that interacted with several commercialized Bifidobacterium to human intestinal health, including the general features of carbohydrate metabolism system, the responsible carbohydrate active enzyme families, the bioactive metabolites and their potential functional contributions. The existing limitations and future research fields on Bifidobacterium-heteroglycan interaction are also with integrated discussion.
Increasing evidences support the Bifidobacterium-heteroglycan interaction attribute to the human intestinal health, where the bioactive metabolites are strategic molecules that responsible for the normal intestinal function, pathogen prevention and diseases therapeutics. The different sources of heteroglycans and bifidobacterial strains/species both have dramatical influences on the utilization efficiency and the properties of bioactive metabolites. Considerable efforts will be needed to expand the research on the utilization strategies of heteroglycans from different sources by Bifidobacterium to lay a scientific foundation for a better understanding on the roles of the Bifidobacterium associated with gastrointestinal health under the different carbohydrate intake preferences in diets.
•Bifidobacterium can utilize heteroglycans by complex carbohydrate metabolism system.•Heteroglycan utilization by Bifidobacterium spp. is beneficial to intestinal health.•Heteroglycan-derived metabolites play crucial roles in maintain intestinal function.
•Three extraction media were orderly used to extract P. linteus polysaccharides.•PL-W, PL-A, and PL-N were heteropolysaccharides with various molecular properties.•PL-W, PL-A, and PL-N exhibited ...strong scavenging ability and antioxidant activities.•PL-A and PL-N could be explored as novel antioxidants in functional foods and medicine.
Three partially purified polysaccharides were extracted from Phellinus linteus mycelia using hot water, 1% (NH4)2C2O4, and 1.25M NaOH/0.05% NaBH4, and the extracts were named PL-W, PL-A, and, PL-N respectively. PL-N mainly comprised xylose and arabinose with a high molecular weight (Mw) and the highest carbohydrate and uronic acid contents. PL-W and PL-A were mainly composed of glucose with high and low Mw fractions in various ratios. All three polysaccharides existed as compact coils in aqueous solutions and exhibited strong scavenging capacity and antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. The polysaccharides also had high uronic acid and carbohydrate contents and strong antioxidant activities. The Mws, monosaccharide compositions, and chemical structures of the polysaccharides also affected their antioxidant activities. PL-A and PL-N had better antioxidant activities and could thus be developed as potential natural antioxidant agents for applications in food additives and biomedical industries.
In this study, carboxylic curdlan (Cur-48) and negatively charged ferulic acid (FA)-grafted carboxylic curdlan (Cur-48-g-FA) were separately used to fabricate polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (PNPs: ...PNPs-CQ and PNPs-CFQ) with positively charged quaternized curdlan (Qcurd) for curcumin delivery. Results showed that curcumin-loaded PNPs-CQ and PNPs-CFQ had particle sizes of 338.1 and 301.3 nm, zeta potentials of −19.07 and −24.10 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies of 76.32% and 83.54%, respectively. Curcumin was properly encapsulated inside the two PNPs through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Compared with free curcumin, entrapped curcumin in the two PNPs exhibited better redispersion performance, thermo- and photostability, and sustained release property. Furthermore, FA molecules surrounding the surface of PNPs-CFQ were conductive to the entrapped curcumin's particulate characteristics, stability, release behavior, and antioxidant potentials. Therefore, our findings indicated that PNPs formulated via Cur-48-g-FA and Qcurd can provide a novel delivery platform for encapsulation of hydrophobic nutrients, including curcumin, in functional foods.
•Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles formed by curdlan derivatives for curcumin delivery•Curcumin was entrapped in PNPs by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.•The encapsulated curcumin had better redispersibility, thermo- and photostability.•The entrapped curcumin exhibited good antioxidant and sustained release properties.•FA molecules on the surface of PNPs are conductive to the encapsulated curcumin.
Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam), a freshwater bivalve mollusk, has been consumed in China for centuries as a health food and traditional Chinese medicine for treating liver diseases and alcoholism. ...This study aimed to evaluate the hepato-protective effects and potential mechanisms of a proteoglycan (PSP) from C. fluminea on alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Results showed that PSP pretreatment significantly antagonized the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triacylglycerides, and hepatic malondialdehyde levels; elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities and hepatic glutathione levels; and suppressed the levels of hepatic inflammatory cytokines in alcohol-induced liver injury in mice (P < 0.05). Histopathological observation further revealed the potential hepato-protective effect of PSP against alcohol damage. Particularly, PSP pretreatment resulted in significantly decreased expression of cytochrome P450 2e1 (CYP2E1) while significantly upregulating the expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PSP could protect the liver from hepatocyte injury induced by alcohol possibly by alleviating hepatic lipid metabolism, elevating antioxidant-enzyme activity, suppressing the immune inflammatory response, and reversing the expression levels of CYP2E1 and HO-1. Therefore, PSP may be developed as a food supplement that can be used to prevent liver diseases.
•Hepato-protective effect of a Corbicula fluminea proteoglycan (PSP) was evaluated.•PSP pretreatment ameliorated hepatic lipid metabolism of alcohol-induced mice.•PSP pre-intake elevated antioxidant-enzyme activity and hepatic glutathione level.•PSP pretreatment suppressed the immune inflammatory response.•PSP pre-intake reversed the expressions of cytochrome P450 2e1 and hemeoxygenase-1.
In recent years, a big trend has been the development of rapid, green, efficient, economical, and scalable approaches for the separation and purification of bioactive molecules from natural sources, ...which can be used in food, cosmetics, and medicine. As a new nonchromatographic bioseparation technology, three-phase partitioning (TPP) is attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers. Although a number of studies have been published in the last 40 years regarding the extraction, separation, and purification of numerous bioactive molecules using TPP systems, a background review on TPP partitioning fundamentals and its applications is much needed. Therefore, the present review focuses in detail on the TPP separation process, including the definition of TPP, partitioning mechanisms, parameters for establishing the suitable condition to form precipitate such as concentration of ammonium sulfate, content of tert-butanol, pH and temperature, and the application for separation and purification of protein, enzyme, plant oil, polysaccharide, and other small molecule organic compounds. In addition, the possible directions of future developments in TPP technology are discussed. The review presents a good opportunity, as well as a challenge for scientists, to understand the detailed partitioning rule and to take better use of TPP for the production and separation of various bioactive molecules, which have been intensively applied in the food and medical fields.
•The increase of Cur-D-g-FA concentrations improved its emulsification stability.•Cur-D-g-FA (0.8%) emulsion had potent rheological property and oxidation stability.•BC in Cur-D-g-FA (0.8%) emulsions ...had well chemical stability and bioaccessibility.•Cur-D-g-FA as a feasible stabilizer can be used to protect liposoluble nutrients.
A biopolymer–polyphenol conjugate-stabilized oil-in-water emulsion system was established to improve the chemical stability and bioaccessibility of β-carotene (BC). In this study, the emulsifying properties and contribution of a ferulic acid-grafted curdlan conjugate (Cur-D-g-FA) to the chemical stability of BC were investigated. Results showed that the emulsification ability of emulsions stabilized by Cur-D-g-FA remarkably increased with an increasing concentration from 0.05% to 0.8% (w/v) along with decreasing average droplet sizes, negatively charged zeta potentials, and uniform size distributions. The emulsions stabilized by 0.8% Cur-D-g-FA exhibited pronounced shear thinning and solid-like elastic properties as well as satisfactory oxidation stability. The emulsions stabilized by 0.8% Cur-D-g-FA had excellent ability to improve the chemical stability of BC when exposed to different environmental stresses and resulted in the favorable bioaccessibility of BC in vitro. The results prove that Cur-D-g-FA as a promising stabilizer has great potential to protect liposoluble nutrients in food-grade emulsion-delivery systems.
Sanghuangporous vaninii, as a valuable dietary supplement and medicinal ingredient, contains abundant bioactive polysaccharides that have health-promoting effects. In the present study, four ...polysaccharides (SVSPs-C, SVSPs-E, SVSPs-U, and SVSPs-E/U) were extracted for the first time from S. vaninii spores by three-phase partitioning (TPP), enzyme pretreatment before TPP (E-TPP), ultrasonic pretreatment before TPP (U-TPP), and enzyme pretreatment followed by ultrasonic before TPP (E/U-TPP) methods, respectively. Their physicochemical characteristics and in vitro pharmacological functions were determined and compared. Results showed that four TPP-based extraction methods had remarkable impacts on the extraction yield, chemical properties, monosaccharide compositions, and molecular weights (Mw) of SVSPs. Specifically, SVSPs-E/U obtained by E/U-TPP showed the highest extraction yield (25.40 %), carbohydrate content (88.50 %), and the lowest protein content (0.86 %). The four SVSPs had high-Mw (183.8–329.1 kDa) and low-Mw (23.0–156.4 kDa) fractions and mainly consisted of galactose, glucose, and mannose with different contents. In vitro bioactivities assays indicated that SVSPs-E/U possessed stronger antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypouricemic, immunostimulatory, and antitumor activities than those of SVSPs-C, SVSPs-E, and SVSPs-U. Therefore, our results provide an efficient and promising extraction technique for bioactive polysaccharides from S. vaninii spores, as well as SVSPs had the potential to be applied in functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics fields.
Schematical representation of bioactivities for polysaccharides from S. vaninii using different separation methods. Display omitted
•Three-phase partitioning (TPP) was used to efficiently extract C. fluminea polysaccharide (CFPS).•The highest extraction yield of CFPS (9.32%) was obtained under optimized TPP process ...conditions.•The purified CFPS after TPP was a proteoglycan with high purity and various molecular weights.•The purified CFPS showed obvious free radical scavenging capacities and antioxidant activities.•TPP as a novel bioseparation tool can be used for preparing bioactive PS with high yield and purity.
Three-phase partitioning (TPP), which is a simple, efficient, and green bioseparation technique, was used to extract and separate polysaccharides from Corbicula fluminea (CFPS). The optimal parameters with a high yield of 9.32% were as follows: mass fraction of (NH4)2SO4, 20.0% (w/v); amount of t-butanol, 9.8mL; temperature, 35.3°C; extraction time, 30min; and pH 6.0. The purified CFPS after TPP consisted of d-glucose, d-glucosamine, and d-mannose in a molar ratio of 57.1: 5.6:1.0 with high purity (86.5%) and different molecular weights (1311.1 and 41.5–92.8kDa). Amino acid analysis, UV–vis absorption and Fourier transform-infrared spectra indicated that the purified CFPS was a proteoglycan with O-glycosidic bonds. Moreover, the purified CFPS possessed strong free-radical scavenging abilities and antioxidant activities in vitro. The obtained Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma values were 95.01μmol Trolox/g sample and 38.30μmol Fe2+/g sample, respectively.
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