The outstanding efficiency of Fe‐based metallic glass powders in degrading organic water contaminants is reported. While the glassy alloy contains 24% chemically inactive metalloid elements, the ...powders are capable to completely decompose the C32H20N6Na4O14S4 azo dye in aqueous solution in short time, about 200 times faster than the conventional Fe powders. The metastable thermodynamic nature and the particle surface topography are the major factors controlling the chemical performance of the metallic glass. Our findings may open a new opportunity for functional applications of metallic glasses.
Fe‐based metallic glass powders show outstanding efficiency in degrading organic contaminants due to their far‐from‐equilibrium thermodynamic nature. The –N=N– bond of the dye can be completely decomposed in a short time. Higher degradation efficiency can be achieved by tailoring the particle morphology. The findings are expected to open new areas for the applications of metallic glasses.
The lithium (Li) metal anode is confronted by severe interfacial issues that strongly hinder its practical deployment. The unstable interfaces directly induce unfavorable low cycling efficiency, ...dendritic Li deposition, and even strong safety concerns. An advanced artificial protective layer with single‐ion pathways holds great promise for enabling a spatially homogeneous ionic and electric field distribution over Li metal surface, therefore well protecting the Li metal anode during long‐term working conditions. Herein, a robust dual‐phase artificial interface is constructed, where not only the single‐ion‐conducting nature, but also high mechanical rigidity and considerable deformability can be fulfilled simultaneously by the rational integration of a garnet Al‐doped Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12‐based bottom layer and a lithiated Nafion top layer. The as‐constructed artificial solid electrolyte interphase is demonstrated to significantly stabilize the repeated cell charging/discharging process via regulating a facile Li‐ion transport and a compact Li plating behavior, hence contributing to a higher coulombic efficiency and a considerably enhanced cyclability of lithium metal batteries. This work highlights the significance of rational manipulation of the interfacial properties of a working Li metal anode and affords fresh insights into achieving dendrite‐free Li deposition behavior in a working battery.
A single‐ion‐conducting interface consisting of dual‐layer architecture is proposed to regulate a homogeneous ionic and electric field distribution while achieving a superior mechanical feature at the surface of a lithium‐metal anode simultaneously, synergistically enabling a highly efficient cell performance of working lithium‐metal batteries.
In this research, a metal-free diastereoselective formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of
-2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines and cyclopentene-1,3-diones which can efficiently lead to the ...desymmetrization of cyclopentene-1,3-diones is developed. With the developed protocol, a series of tetracyclic spirooxindoles containing pyrrolidine and cyclopentane subunits can be smoothly obtained with good results (up to 99% yield and 91:9 dr). Furthermore, the methodology can be extended to trifluoromethyl-substituted iminomalonate, and the corresponding formal 3+2 cycloaddition reaction affords bicyclic heterocycles containing fused pyrrolidine and cyclopentane moieties in moderate yields with >20:1 dr. The synthetic potential of the methodology is demonstrated by the scale-up experiment and by versatile transformations of the products.
The tunable structure, abundant raw materials, and ease of preparation have made molecular dielectric crystals popular for use in device design. In spite of this, some known molecular switching ...materials have a low phase transition temperature and a low dielectric constant, which limit their applications. Therefore, designing and synthesizing molecular‐based phase transition compounds with high phase transition temperature and superior properties is especially important. In this work, we use 3‐chloropropan‐1‐ammonium hydrochloride and SbCl3/SbBr3 inorganic salts as building blocks to synthesize compounds (CPA)2(BPA)2Sb2Br10 (1) (CPA=3‐chloropropan‐1‐ammonium, BPA=3‐bromopropan‐1‐ammonium) and (CPA)2Sb2Cl8 (2). Compound 1 has a high phase transition temperature (407.45 K). Dielectric measurements and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirm the structural phase transition in compound 1, and no fatigue decay is observed after several dielectric cycles. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 possess semiconductor properties. The findings of this study provide new directions for the design and application of multifunctional molecular dielectric materials.
Herein, we have successfully synthesized two organic‐inorganic hybrids (CPA)2(BPA)2Sb2Br10 (1) and (CPA)2Sb2Cl8 (2) (CPA=3‐chloropropan‐1‐ammonium, BPA=3‐bromopropan‐1‐ammonium). In addition, compound 1 possesses good dielectric properties. By studying their optical properties, we found that two compounds belong to indirect band gap semiconductors. Theoretical calculations were also performed to better understand the electronic structures of these two compounds.
This article reviews the correlation between angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and severe risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the possible mechanisms. ACE2 is a crucial ...component of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS). The classical RAS ACE‐Ang II‐AT1R regulatory axis and the ACE2‐Ang 1‐7‐MasR counter‐regulatory axis play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. ACE2 is widely distributed in the heart, kidneys, lungs, and testes. ACE2 antagonizes the activation of the classical RAS system and protects against organ damage, protecting against hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Similar to SARS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2 also uses the ACE2 receptor to invade human alveolar epithelial cells. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical high‐mortality disease, and ACE2 has a protective effect on this type of acute lung injury. Current research shows that the poor prognosis of patients with COVID‐19 is related to factors such as sex (male), age (>60 years), underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), secondary ARDS, and other relevant factors. Because of these protective effects of ACE2 on chronic underlying diseases and ARDS, the development of spike protein‐based vaccine and drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID‐19 in the future.
Research Highlights
ACE2 plays an important role in renin‐angiotensin system and homeostasis.
ACE2 has a protective effect on acute lung injury and for the COVID‐19 patients with underlying diseases.
The development of spike protein‐based vaccine and drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID‐19.
α,β‐Unsaturated compounds are one of the most important functional compounds. Due to their unique property and versatile utility, they usually occur as the key intermediates for the synthesis of ...pharmaceuticals and biological materials. Thus, their synthesis has attracted more attentions than before. The early approaches to α,β‐unsaturated compounds are mainly about transition‐metal‐free methods, such as halogenation‐dehydrohalogenation methods and strong oxidants methods (organosulfur, organoselenium, benzoquinone). Subsequently, palladium and the other transition‐metals catalyzed dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds appeared respectively. In this review, transition‐metal‐catalyzed α,β‐dehydrogenation is discussed, which is categorized by functional groups.
α,β‐Unsaturated compounds are one of the most important functional compounds. They usually occur as the key intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials The early approaches to α,β‐unsaturated compounds are mainly about transition‐metal‐free methods, such as halogenation‐dehydrohalogenation methods and strong oxidants methods. This review mainly focuses on transition‐metal‐catalyzed α,β‐dehydrogenation, which is categorized by functional groups.
Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as a “Holy Grail” electrode for next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the electrochemical behavior of the Li anode under a practical working state is ...poorly understood, leading to a gap in the design strategy and the aim of efficient Li anodes. The electrochemical diagram to reveal failure mechanisms of ultrathin Li in pouch cells is demonstrated. The working mode of the Li metal anode ranging from 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2 (28.0 mA/28.0 mAh) to 10.0 mA cm−2/10.0 mAh cm−2 (280.0 mA/280.0 mAh) is investigated and divided into three categories: polarization, transition, and short‐circuit zones. Powdering and the induced polarization are the main reasons for the failure of the Li electrode at small current density and capacity, while short‐circuit occurs with the damage of the separator leading to safety concerns being dominant at large current and capacity. The electrochemical diagram is attributed from the distinctive plating/stripping behaviors of Li metal, accompanied by dendrites thickening and/or lengthening, and heterogeneous distribution of dendrites. A clear understanding in the electrochemical diagram of ultrathin Li is the primary step to rationally design an effective Li electrode and render a Li metal battery with high energy density, long lifespan, and enhanced safety.
The failure mechanisms of ultrathin lithium in pouch cells can be divided into three categories: polarization, transition, and short‐circuit. A clear working pattern for ultrathin Li metal in pouch cells is established, which can potentially assist in designing a promising strategy for an advanced Li metal anodes.
The performance of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) is highly dependent on their interfacial chemistry, which is regulated by electrolytes. Conventional electrolyte typically contains polar solvents to ...dissociate Li salts. Herein we report a weakly solvating electrolyte (WSE) that consists of a pure non‐polar solvent, which leads to a peculiar solvation structure where ion pairs and aggregates prevail under a low salt concentration of 1.0 M. Importantly, WSE forms unique anion‐derived interphases on graphite electrodes that exhibit fast‐charging and long‐term cycling characteristics. First‐principles calculations unravel a general principle that the competitive coordination between anions and solvents to Li ions is the origin of different interfacial chemistries. By bridging the gap between solution thermodynamics and interfacial chemistry in batteries, this work opens a brand‐new way towards precise electrolyte engineering for energy storage devices with desired properties.
A weakly solvating electrolyte affords a new path towards anion‐derived interfacial chemistry in lithium‐ion batteries. By formulating electrolyte with a non‐polar solvent, ion pairs and aggregates prevail under normal concentrations and give rise to anion‐derived interphases on graphite electrodes with superior electrochemical performances.
Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bleomycin polidocanol foam (BPF) sclerotherapy for venous malformations (VMs) and analyze the associated clinical outcomes and predictors.
Methods
We ...retrospectively assessed BPF sclerotherapy outcomes in 138 patients with VMs. We analyzed pain levels, lesion volume reduction, and subjective perception of response. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of treatment outcome. Additionally, we carefully monitored and recorded complications.
Results
There was a notable average reduction in lesion volume by 78.50% ± 15.71%. The pain numerical rating scale (NRS) score decreased from 4.17 ± 2.63 prior to treatment to 1.05 ± 1.54 afterward, and 70.3% of the patients experienced effective relief after a single BPF treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high baseline NRS (odds ratio OR: 4.026) and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT, OR: 1.200) were positive predictors of pain reduction. Additionally, a high baseline NRS score (OR: 1.992) and elevated thrombocytocrit (PCT, OR: 2.543) were positive predictors of incomplete postoperative pain relief. Minor complications occurred in 31 (22.46%) patients.
Conclusion
BPF sclerotherapy is safe and effective for VMs, resulting in significant reduction in lesion volume, improved symptoms, and minimal complications. APTT and PCT levels are important predictors of pain outcomes following BPF treatment.
Nanostructured carbon materials with large surface area and desired chemical functionalities have been attracting considerable attention because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and ...great application potentials in catalysis, environment, and energy storage. However, the traditional approaches to fabricating these materials rely greatly on complex procedures and specific precursors. We present a simple, effective, and scalable strategy for the synthesis of functional carbon materials by transition metal-assisted carbonization of conventional small organic molecules. We demonstrate that transition metals can promote the thermal stability of molecular precursors and assist the formation of thermally stable polymeric intermediates during the carbonization process, which guarantees the successful preparation of carbons with high yield. The versatility of this synthetic strategy allows easy control of the surface chemical functionality, porosity, and morphology of carbons at the molecular level. Furthermore, the prepared carbons exhibit promising performance in heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis.
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