Depression is a common mental illness that is widely recognized by its lack of pleasure, fatigue, low mood, and, in severe cases, even suicidal tendencies. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive ...neuromodulation technique that could treat patients with mood disorders such as depression.
A systematic search of ten databases, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for depression, was conducted from the time of library construction to September 25, 2023. The primary outcome was depression. The secondary outcome was sleep. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (version 5.4) and Stata (version 14.0). Subgroup analyses were performed to identify sources of heterogeneity. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
Three thousand two hundred and sixty-five studies were retrieved from the database and screened for inclusion in eleven trials. The forest plot results demonstrated that PBM alleviated depression (SMD = -0.55, 95% CI -0.75, -0.35,
= 46%). But it is not statistically significant for patients' sleep outcomes (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI -2.41, 0.77,
= 0%,
> 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that s-PBM was superior to t-PBM in relieving symptoms of depression. The best improvement for t-PBM was achieved using a wavelength of 823 nm, fluence of 10-100 J/cm
, irradiance of 50-100 mW/cm
, irradiance time of 30 min, treatment frequency < 3/week, and number of treatments >15 times. The best improvement for s-PBM was achieved using a wavelength of 808 nm, fluence ≤1 J/cm
, irradiance of 50-100 mW/cm
, irradiance time ≤ 5 min, treatment frequency ≥ 3/week, number of treatments >15 times. All results had evidence quality that was either moderate or very low, and there was no bias in publication.
We conclude that PBM is effective in reducing depression symptoms in patients. However, the current number of studies is small, and further studies are needed to extend the current analysis results.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023444677.
The multifrequency quantum valley Hall effect (QVHE) has been realized to significantly improve the transmission capacity of topological waveguides, and the multimode QVHE with a large valley Chern ...number has been realized to increase the mode density of topological waveguides. However, multifrequency and multimode QVHEs have not been realized simultaneously. In this work, using tight‐binding model calculations and numerical simulations, a valley photonic crystal (VPC) consisting of a Stampfli‐triangle photonic crystal is constructed, and its multiple degeneracies in the low‐frequency and high‐frequency bands split simultaneously to realize the QVHE with multiple topological edge states (TESs). The multifrequency and multimode topological transmission with two low‐frequency modes and four high‐frequency modes is realized by means of simulations and experiments through a Z‐shaped waveguide constructed using two VPCs with opposite valley Chern numbers to prove the realization of a large valley Chern number in the two frequency bands. The two low‐frequency modes are successfully distinguished with position‐dependent selective excitations, which experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of a large valley Chern number. A frequency‐dependent multimode beam splitter is theoretically proposed for high‐performance integrated photonic device applications. These results provide new ideas for high‐efficiency and high‐capacity optical transmission and communication devices and their integration; furthermore, they broaden the application range of TESs.
A multi‐frequency and multimode topological waveguide using Stampfli‐triangle photonic crystals engineered with large valley Chern numbers is theoretically and experimentally observed. There are two valley topological edge states (TESs) in the low‐frequency bands and four TESs in the high‐frequency bands. These results provide new ideas for high‐efficiency and high‐capacity optical transmission and communication devices and their integration.
Multifrequency and Multimode Topological Transmission
The multifrequency and multimode topological waveguide, utilizing Stampfli‐triangle photonic crystals engineered with large valley Chern numbers, ...is theoretically and experimentally observed by Bei Yan, Yiwei Peng, Jianjun Liu, Fei Gao, Shuangchun Wen, and their co‐workers (see article number 2300686). There are two topological edge states (TESs) in low‐frequency bands and four TESs in high‐frequency bands. This work introduces a novel concept for high‐efficiency and high‐capacity optical transmission and communication devices and their integration, thereby broadening the application range of TESs.
The production of broadband, terawatt terahertz (THz) pulses has been demonstrated by irradiating relativistic lasers on solid targets. However, the generation of extremely powerful, narrow-band and ...frequency-tunable THz pulses remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel approach for such THz pulses, in which a plasma wiggler is elaborated by a table-top laser and a near-critical density plasma. In such a wiggler, the laser-accelerated electrons emit THz radiations with a period closely related to the plasma thickness. The theoretical model and numerical simulations predict that a THz pulse with a laser–THz energy conversion of over 2.0%, an ultra-strong field exceeding 80 GV/m, a divergence angle of approximately 20° and a center frequency tunable from 4.4 to 1.5 THz can be generated from a laser of 430 mJ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this method can work across a wide range of laser and plasma parameters, offering potential for future applications with extremely powerful THz pulses.
This article presents a novel memory motor drive with integrated winding concept for traction applications. The key feature of the proposed idea is to integrate the excitation winding with armature ...winding, and hence eliminating additional magnetization winding to achieve online magnetization-state regulations. Hence, the spatial confliction of conventional memory motors can be solved. Upon implantation of the proposed design, the winding utilization, torque/power density and fault tolerant capability are significantly improved. Based on the field modulation theory, the air-gap flux densities under different magnetization states are derived quantitatively to provide design guideline in initial stage. The integrated memory motor drive is presented systematically to consolidate the field and armature windings. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design, two other conventional memory motors are included for comparisons. It is revealed the presented memory motor with integrated winding concept exhibits 28% higher winding utilization, 43% higher torque/power density and 218% higher flux regulation capability than its counterpart with conventional separate windings. In addition, fault tolerant capability can be significantly improved by eliminating mutual coupling between two winding sets. Finally, a prototype is fabricated, and the experimental measurements are carried out to verify the presented concepts.
Topological photonics have led to robust optical behavior of optical devices, which has alleviated the influence of manufacturing defects and perturbations on the device performance. Meanwhile, ...temporal coupled-mode theory (t-CMT) has been developed and applied widely. However, the t-CMT of cascaded coupled cavities (CCC) system and its corresponding high-order filter has yet to be established. Here, the t-CMT of CCC system is established based on the existing t-CMT. By combining the CCC with topological waveguides, a versatile design scheme of high-order nonreciprocal add-drop filter (HONAF) is proposed. The relationship between the coupling effect of cavities and transmission and the filtering performance of HONAF is analyzed quantitatively. Then, a method to improve the transmission efficiency and quality factor of the filter is given. The proposed HONAF is based on the combination of gyromagnetic photonic crystals and decagonal Penrose-type photonic quasicrystals. The transmission and filtering performance of the HONAF are numerically analyzed, which verifies the consistency between theoretical prediction and numerical simulation. The established t-CMT of CCC system can be widely used in coupled resonator optical waveguides and their related systems. The proposed HONAF with excellent performance can also be applied to wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing systems.
This paper proposes a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model for a two degree-of-freedom rotary-linear machine with transverse flux structure. The permeance grid is formed according to the flux ...pattern generated in finite-element method (FEM). By tuning the leakage flux permeance, the electromagnetic performance of the rotary-linear machine calculated by the MEC model shows good alignment to that by FEM. To fully demonstrate the benefits of the MEC model, the calculation accuracy and time consumption comparisons among the MEC model, magnetomotive force (MMF) model, and FEM are conducted. In addition, the MEC model is applied to the parametric study, which proves that the MEC model is capable of obtaining the accurate results under various geometry designs. Based on that, a hierarchical optimization flow is put forward which is a practical method for global optimization on 3D structure. Finally, an experimental prototype is manufactured to verify the proposed concepts.
Polymer is the essential material of computer equipment, however so far polymer wastewater is hard to treat in the world. In this paper the state of wastewater treatment was investigated in polymer ...factory and a new analysis method was used to study the characterization of the pollutants for polymer wastewater by membrane. The COD of polymer wastewater is complicated, involving colloid (1-5
nm) (58.59% COD), <0.1
μm portions (21.41% COD), and no more than 200 molecular weight substance (20% COD). The ammonia-nitrogen mainly is the small molecular (88.30%), which can be removed by UF and RO membrane.SO
3
2− is the same as the ammonia-nitrogen, and the SO
3
2− of the polymer tower effluent is 122.57
mg/L, which respectively could be cut off almost half by UF and RO membrane. Then treatment technology is recommended by these analysis data. So membrane gradient separation, as a useful tool for better interpretation of wastewater, is apparently vital for water quality analysis and engineering project design.
The token of size distribution of pollutants and theparticle effects on the pollution controlling attract muchattentions recently. After investigation to the main technologyin FUSHUN factory and the ...running state of wastewater plant ,two key sources of wastewater were as the key objects. TheCOD of polymer wastewater is complicated, involving colloid(1-5nm) (accounting for 58.59% COD), particles < 0.1 mu mportions (accounting for 21.41% COD), and substances of nomore than 200 molecular weight (accounting for 20% COD).The ammonia-nitrogen mainly is the small molecular(accounting for 88.30%), which can be removed by UF and ROmembrane. SO32- is same as the ammonia-nitrogen, and SO32- ofthe polymer tower effluent is 122.57 mg/L. As to the solventrecovery effluents, the PSD based COD of the more than 0.1 mu mportion, colloid, nanometer grade and soluble COD fractionsaccount for 1/4 . The ammonia-nitrogen of effluents for thesolvent recovery tower is irregular. The total cyanidecontribution of particle size beyond 0.1 mu m accounted for 91%.Acrylonitrile, as small molecule ,could be absorbed by colloidparticles(1-2 nm) and then cut off by NF grade. And DMF couldbe absorbed by colloid, and the remaining could be separatedby RO.
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