Ternary heterojunction strategies appear to be an efficient approach to improve the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) through harvesting more sunlight. Ternary OSCs are fabricated by employing ...wide bandgap polymer donor (PM6), narrow bandgap nonfullerene acceptor (Y6), and PC71BM as the third component to tune the light absorption and morphologies of the blend films. A record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.67% (certified as 16.0%) on rigid substrate is achieved in an optimized PM6:Y6:PC71BM blend ratio of 1:1:0.2. The introduction of PC71BM endows the blend with enhanced absorption in the range of 300–500 nm and optimises interpenetrating morphologies to promote photogenerated charge dissociation and extraction. More importantly, a PCE of 14.06% for flexible ITO‐free ternary OSCs is obtained based on this ternary heterojunction system, which is the highest PCE reported for flexible state‐of‐the‐art OSCs. A very promising ternary heterojunction strategy to develop highly efficient rigid and flexible OSCs is presented.
High efficiencies of 16.67% (certified as 16.0%) for rigid and 14.06% for flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) are achieved by employing a PM6:Y6:PC71BM ternary system. This is a promising ternary heterojunction strategy for the development of highly efficient rigid and flexible OSCs.
Excessive alcohol consumption impairs brain function and has been associated with an earlier onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). ...Acetaldehyde, the most toxic metabolite of alcohol, has been speculated to mediate the neurotoxicity induced by alcohol abuse. However, the precise mechanisms by which acetaldehyde induces neurotoxicity remain elusive. In this study, it was found that acetaldehyde treatment induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, impaired mitochondrial function and caused cytotoxicity in cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. Further analyses showed that acetaldehyde induced the phosphorylation of mitochondrial fission related protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at Ser616 and promoted its translocation to mitochondria. The elevation of Drp1 phosphorylation was partly dependent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), as N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment inhibited the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK while attenuating Drp1 phosphorylation in acetaldehyde-treated cells. In addition, acetaldehyde treatment elevated intracellular Ca2+ level and activated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Pretreatment of CaMKII inhibitor prevented Drp1 phosphorylation in acetaldehyde-treated cells and ameliorated acetaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that CaMKII was a key effector mediating acetaldehyde-induced Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken together, acetaldehyde induced cytotoxicity by promoting excessive Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial fragmentation. Both ROS and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways played important roles in acetaldehyde-induced Drp1 phosphorylation. The results also suggested that prevention of oxidative stress by antioxidants might be beneficial for preventing neurotoxicity associated with acetaldehyde and alcohol abuse.
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising water purification technology. However, the current ion adsorption capacity of CDI electrode materials is still an issue, which cannot meet the rapid ...demand of clean water from saline water. Herein, trace-Fe-enhanced removal of ions from saline water via CDI is presented. The ion adsorption capacity of CDI electrodes is up to 36.25 mg g–1 in a 500 mg L–1 NaCl media at 1.2 V together with stable regeneration property. In situ Raman and ex situ XPS measurements unravel the removal mechanism of ions from saline water, and the reinforced adsorption of ions is due to the introduction of trace Fe boosting electron transfer of electro-adsorption sites during the CDI process. This work presents a promising solution to highly efficient capacitive deionization for saline water.
The pores of dodecahedron-like carbon frameworks derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were in situ expanded via a surfactant-template strategy, which were originally demonstrated to enhance ...capacitive deionization (CDI). The dodecahedron-like carbon frameworks were obtained through carbonization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) using the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a supramolecular template. It is found that the dodecahedron-like carbon frameworks derived from ZIF-8 possess efficiently expanded pores while retaining the original morphology and high nitrogen contents. Compared to those of the normal ZIF-8-derived carbon, the obtained materials exhibit a hierarchically porous structure with a higher specific surface area and an improved pore volume. Electrochemical studies of the obtained electrode demonstrate that this material has a high specific capacitance and lower inner resistance. More importantly, the obtained material shows a higher salt adsorption capacity (20.05 mg/g) than the normal ZIF-8-derived carbon (13.01 mg/g). Furthermore, the obtained electrode presents a rapid salt removal rate and excellent cycling stability. The significantly enhanced deionization behavior of the obtained materials is due to the combination effect of its large accessible surface area, large pore volume, and rich nitrogen doping. The results reveal that in situ expanding pores of carbon frameworks derived from MOFs is an ideal way for constructing electrode materials with enhanced CDI performance. The present work may pave a path for the design and development of highly efficient MOF-derived electrode materials.
Herein, a novel concept for the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions and salt ions from wastewater by 3D graphene-based asymmetric electrodes via capacitive deionization is presented for the ...first time. Instead of the traditional practice to adsorb heavy metals via the stirring method, we rationally design functional 3D graphene by grafting ethylenediamine triacetic acid (EDTA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane on the 3D graphene surface, and take advantage of capacitive deionization for wastewater treatment. In this process, Pb 2+ is adsorbed by EDTA through chelation reaction and Na + is adsorbed into the 3D graphene pores by electrosorption. Meanwhile, 3D graphene aminated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used as an anode to minimize the co-ion effects and improve the removal efficiency. This research investigates the adsorption and desorption behaviors of Pb 2+ and Na + and the influence of operation conditions, such as pH, voltage, concentration and time on Pb 2+ and Na + removal. The removal efficiency is 99.9% at pH 6.0 for Pb 2+ and 98.7% for Na + . It is worth noting that Pb 2+ and Na + can be separated and recovered in the desorption process in two steps due to the different adsorption mechanisms of Pb 2+ and Na + . The desorption rates are ∼99.6% for Pb 2+ and ∼97.2% for Na + , which remain at ∼94.3% and ∼88.2%, respectively, without further degradation after 8 cycles. Overall, CDI with 3D graphene-based asymmetric electrodes is a promising route for the separation and recovery of heavy metals and salt ions from wastewater.
Currently, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 in the presence of SO2 by using vanadium-free catalysts is still an important issue for the removal of NOx for stationary sources. ...Developing high-performance catalysts for NOx reduction in the presence of SO2 is a significant challenge. In this work, a series of Fe2O3-promoted halloysite-supported CeO2–WO3 catalysts were synthesized by a molten salt treatment followed by the impregnation method and demonstrated improved NOx reduction in the presence of SO2. The obtained catalyst exhibits superior catalytic activity, high N2 selectivity over a wide temperature range from 270 to 420 °C, and excellent sulfur-poisoning resistance. It has been demonstrated that the Fe2O3-promoted halloysite-supported CeO2–WO3 catalyst increased the ratio of Ce3+ and the amount of surface oxygen vacancies and enhanced the interaction between active components. Moreover, the SCR reaction mechanism of the obtained catalyst was studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. It can be inferred that the number of Brønsted acid sites is significantly increased, and more active species could be produced by Fe2O3 promotion. Furthermore, in the presence of SO2, the Fe2O3-promoted halloysite-supported CeO2–WO3 catalyst can effectively prevent the irreversible bonding of SO2 with the active components, making the catalyst exhibit desirable sulfur resistance. The work paves the way for the development of high-performance SCR catalysts with improved NOx reduction in the presence of SO2.
Graphene-coated hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (GHMCSs) are rationally designed and originally used as efficient electrode materials for capacitive deionization. The GHMCSs are fabricated by a ...simple template-directed method using phenolic polymer coated polystyrene spheres as templates. The resulting graphene-based composites have a hierarchically porous nanostructure with hollow mesoporous carbon spheres uniformly embedded in the graphene sheets. The hierarchically porous structure of GHMCS electrodes can guarantee fast transport of salt ions, and the improved specific surface area of GHMCSs provides more adsorption sites for the formation of an electrical double layer. In addition, the graphene sheets in the GHMCSs as the interconnected conductive networks lead to fast charge transfer. The unique GHMCS structure exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacitance, low inner resistance and long cycling lifetime. Besides, a remarkable capacitive deionization behavior of GHMCSs with low energy consumption is obtained in a NaCl solution. The proposed carbon composite architectures are expected to lay the foundation for the design and fabrication of high-performance electrodes in the field of energy and electrochemistry.
Previous research has found that buyer–supplier collaboration in new product development can contribute to project success. Empirical evidence is mixed, however, and the concept of buyer–supplier ...collaboration is under‐developed. This work develops a new construct, buyer–supplier collaboration quality, defined as the extent to which a buyer and supplier exploit shared resources while minimizing waste through interacting during project planning and execution. We use resource dependence theory to formulate interfirm and project‐level antecedents of buyer–supplier collaboration quality and argue how it affects new product development project outcomes. Data from an empirical survey of 214 buying organizations validate the measurement structure of the new construct and support its positive associations with design quality and project efficiency. We also find that goal congruence, complementary capabilities and interfirm coordination efforts increase buyer–supplier collaboration quality, while interfirm relationship‐specific investment reduces it.
•g-C3N4–CdS heterostructure exhibits a higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than g-C3N4 or CdS.•The large surface area and the synergistic effect result in the enhanced activity of ...g-C3N4–CdS.•g-C3N4–CdS photocatalyst effectively inhibits the photocorrosion of CdS.
A straightforward strategy is designed to fabricate g-C3N4–CdS composite catalyst with high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and photostability via the precipitation method. The microscopic observation shows that CdS nanoparticles are randomly distributed on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra further confirm that g-C3N4 and CdS coexist in the photocatalysts. The results of photocatalytic experiments demonstrate that the g-C3N4–CdS composite exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) compared with g-C3N4 or CdS alone under visible-light irradiation. It is found that the photocatalytic degradation process follows the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, indicative of an adsorption controlled reaction mechanism. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4–CdS composite can be attributed to the large surface area and the synergistic effects between g-C3N4 and CdS, which can readily reduce the recombination probability of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhance the charge separation efficiency, leading to the higher photocatalytic performance and effectively inhibited photocorrosion. The results also show that among the catalysts with differing CdS content, the g-C3N4–CdS composite with a g-C3N4/CdS mass ratio of 1:3 exhibits the highest photodegradation efficiency (90.45%) after irradiation for 180min.
Graphene-based materials for capacitive deionization Liu, Peiying; Yan, Tingting; Shi, Liyi ...
Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for energy and sustainability,
2017, Letnik:
5, Številka:
27
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Capacitive deionization is an emerging technology for energy-efficient water desalination and has attracted more and more attention in recent years. The capacitive deionization technology is based on ...ion electrosorption at the surface of a pair of electrically charged electrodes, which are commonly composed of carbon materials. Among numerous electrode materials, graphene-based materials are outstanding, playing a vital role during the deionization process due to their intriguing features. After a brief introduction of the theory and instruments of capacitive deionization, we systematically summarize the current progress in graphene nanosheets, porous graphene, graphene-based composites, surface tuned graphene and its composites as electrodes for capacitive deionization. We also present our perspectives on the development of graphene-based electrodes for capacitive deionization.
We systematically summarized the current progress in graphene-based materials for capacitive deionization.
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