Understanding the cytological pattern of genome size and ploidy level of the bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is vital to explore the evolution pattern and breeding of the species. To study the ...diversification of the cytological pattern of bermudagrass along the longitudinal gradient, the genome size and ploidy level were measured and explored with the relationship to climate factors. The corresponding ploidy level was verified through the mitotic chromosome counts method. Bermudagrass accessions ploidy level included diploids, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid and hexaploid with a basic chromosome number of x = 9. The major ploidy level was tetraploid (45%) and aneuploidy was commonly discovered in collected regions. Mean genome size of bermudagrasswas was estimated to be 1.31 pg/1Cx along longitudinal gradient. The 1Cx values of diploid were higher than that of triploid and tetraploid, while the tetraploid had minimum basic genome size. In the current study, we observed that genome downsizing exists in tetraploids of Cynodon dactylon. Tetraploids have a wider distribution than other ploidy levels, especially in arid areas, occupying a relatively high proportion. In addition, at the same ploidy level, genome size was remarkably variable in the current study. The coefficient of determination analysis showed that longitude and mean annual rainfall were significantly correlated to genome size rather than ploidy level. This cytological study will be helpful for further genetic mechanisms and molecular characteristics to landscape adaptation of bermudagrass.
The work aimed to improve the extraction efficiency of wheat bran polysaccharide by solid-state fermentation using the bioactive fungus Isaria cicadae Miq. and identify the structural properties of ...fermented wheat bran polysaccharide (IC-FWBP). The polysaccharide fraction of IC-FWBP was isolated with an extraction yield of 2.88% and an average molecular weight of 3.31 × 106 Da. The IC-FWBP was comprised of mannose, glucose, and galactose. The methylation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Congo red analysis results suggested that IC-FWBP contained glycosidic linkages of T-β-D-Glcf, 1→2-α-D-Manp, 1→5,6-β-D-Galf, 1→2,3,4-α-D-Galp and 1→2,3,4-β-D-Manp, with triple-helix conformations. The morphological observation showed that IC-FWBP was composed of rod-like and spherical particles. These investigations on the structural properties of IC-FWBP will be beneficial to further research on the functional properties of wheat bran polysaccharides.
This complex environmental heterogeneity coupled with the long-standing history offers scenario suitable for and favoring the evolution and existence of variation of morphological traits.
In this ...study, we measured 10 morphological traits of 310
individuals sampled at 16 different locations along latitudinal gradients between 22°35'N and 36°18'N to reveal phenotypic plasticity influenced by latitude. In addition, the relationships between morphological variation and soil nutrient and climate factors were analyzed.
Analysis of variance, divesity examination and Mantel correlation test detected a significant effect of latitude on morphological traits. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis clearly separated the selected populations into four groups according to latitude. Larger morphological sizes of
appeared at the low- and high-latitude regions. Correlation analysis indicated that high morphological variations were significantly correlated with climate factors and soil nutrient.
This study suggests morphological variation of wild bermudagrass is greatly influenced by latitude as well as soil and climate, which could be useful resources for genetic studies and evolution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), gremlin, and p-Smad/1/5/8 in carcinomatous and para-carcinoma tissue specimens from patients ...with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The association of serum BMP-7 levels with clinicopathological parameters was examined to assess its relevance as a clinical biomarker for HCC. A total of 27 patients with HCC and 7 healthy subjects were included. Gene expression levels of BMP-7 and p-Smad1/5/8 were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis were performed to determine the protein expression of target genes. The serum levels of BMP-7 were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA and protein expression of BMP-7 and gremlin were significantly down- and upregulated in HCC tumor tissues, respectively, compared with para-carcinoma tissues (P<0.05). The association of BMP-7 and gremlin expression with the differentiation status of HCC was also analyzed. There was a relatively higher level of BMP-7 and a lower level of gremlin expression in tumor tissues from patients with highly differentiated HCC when compared with poorly or moderately differentiated HCC (BMP-7, F=42.29, P<0.01; gremlin, F=37.93, P<0.01). Furthermore, the level of BMP-7 and p-Smad1/5/8 was decreased in patients with advanced stages of HCC, when compared with stage I HCC. The findings from the present study suggest that the BMP-7/p-Smad signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC. The serum levels of BMP-7 may serve as a potential biomarker for HCC.
This study was conducted to evaluate the Al3+ tolerance of sixteen camelina genotypes and to use melatonin or nano-selenium to alleviate Al3+-induced stress. A Petri dish study indicated seedling ...root length was suitable for describing the dose–response of seedling growth with increased Al3+ concentrations. Based on GR50 (Al3+ concentration causing a 50% reduction in the seedling root length), CamK6 (232.0 mg L−1) and CamK2 (97.0 mg L−1) were the most Al3+-tolerant and -sensitive genotypes, respectively. Under Al3+ stress, CamK6 and CamK2 treated by melatonin (50 μM) or nano-Se (0.4 mg L−1) showed a similar plant height and seed yield plant−1 (CamK6: 123.6 ± 9.8 cm and 0.562 ± 0.62 g; CamK2: 109.2 ± 8.7 cm and 0.49 ± 0.5 g) as the controls (CamK6: 121.1 ± 10.2 cm and 0.554 ± 0.4 g; CamK2: 110.0 ± 9.8 cm and 0.5 ± 0.4 g), and the values were greater than for the Al3+-treated plants (CamK6: 96.4 ± 9.2 cm and 0.48 ± 0.34 g; CamK2: 97.3 ± 8.1 cm and 0.42 ± 0.31 g). The results showed that melatonin or nano-Se through modulating biochemical reactions (e.g., antioxidant enzyme) can alleviate Al3+-induced growth inhibition in camelina. This study suggested melatonin or nano-Se can alleviate Al3+-induced growth inhibition by maintaining seed yield and improving oil quality in camelina.
While previous studies have shown camelina drought tolerance relative to other oilseed crops, drought has been documented to severely influence the productivity of camelina. To date, little ...information is available on the drought tolerance of camelina genotypes. This study was conducted to evaluate drought tolerance in fifteen camelina genotypes and test the alleviative effect of nanoparticles on PEG-induced water deficit stress (WDS) at the whole-plant level at the Yangzhou University Pratacultural Science Experimental Station in September 2021. Four different degrees of WDS were induced by a range of PEG solution concentrations (0, 16.7, 25.0, 37.5, and 56.3 mM). A petri dish study determined that CamK8 and CamK9 (GR50 = 19.0 and 34.3 mM, respectively) were the most sensitive and tolerant genotypes, respectively, to PEG-induced WDS. Results from the whole-plant test showed that the foliar application of MWCNTs (dose: 50 or 100 mg L−1) or nano-Se (dose: 5 or 10 mg L−1) alleviated the adverse effect of PEG-induced WDS, and increased the camelina plant height (ranges: 51.1–56.3 cm) and crop yield (ranges: 0.11–0.14 g plant−1) compared with untreated control and PEG-treated plants (height: 43.5–56.9 cm; yield: 0.06–0.12 g plant−1) in CamK8 without affecting the principal fatty acid composition and groups in camelina oil. The results of this study demonstrated that applying MWCNTs or nano-Se could alleviate WDS and maintain seed yield in camelina, providing the possibility of using these nanoparticles to manage WDS in agricultural practices.
Abstract
Background
The clinical and virological course of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. We aimed to describe the clinical and virological characteristics of COVID-19 ...patients from 10 designated hospitals in 10 cities of Jiangsu province, China. The factors associated with the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 were investigated.
Methods
A total of 328 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively recruited. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiology and treatment data were collected. The associated factors of SARS-CoV-2 clearance were analyzed.
Results
The median duration of hospitalization was 16.0 days (interquartile range IQR 13.0–21.0 days). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, age > 60 years (hazard ratio HR 0.643, 95% confidence interval CI 0.454–0.911,
P
= 0.013) was associated with the delayed SARS-CoV-2 clearance, while the atomized inhalation of interferon α-2b could improve the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 (HR, 1.357, 95% CI 1.050–1.755,
P
= 0.020). Twenty-six (7.9%) patients developed respiratory failure and 4 (1.2%) patients developed ARDS. Twenty (6.1%) patients were admitted to the ICU, while no patient was deceased.
Conclusions
Our study found that age > 60 years was associated with the delayed SARS-CoV-2 clearance, while treated with atomized inhalation of interferon α-2b could promote the clearance of SARS-CoV-2.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genome size variation and hybridization occur frequently within or between plant species under diverse environmental conditions, which enrich species diversification and drive the evolutionary ...process.
Elymus
L. is the largest genus in Triticeae with five recognized basic genomes (St, H, P, W, and Y). However, the data on population cytogenetics of
Elymus
species are sparse, especially whether genome hybridization and chromosomal structure can be affected by altitude are still unknown. In order to explore the relationship between genome sizes, we studied interspecific hybridization and altitude of
Elymus
species at population genetic and cytological levels. Twenty-seven populations at nine different altitudes (2,800–4,300 m) of three
Elymus
species, namely, hexaploid
E. nutans
(StHY, 2n = 6x = 42), tetraploid
E. burchan-buddae
(StY, 2n = 4x = 28), and
E. sibiricus
(StH, 2n = 4x = 28), were sampled from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) to estimate whether intraspecific variation could affect the genomic relationships by genomic
in situ
hybridization (GISH), and quantify the genome size of
Elymus
among different altitude ecological groups by flow cytometry. The genome size of
E. nutans, E. burchan-buddae
, and
E. sibiricus
varied from 12.38 to 22.33, 8.81 to 18.93, and 11.46 to 20.96 pg/2C with the averages of 19.59, 12.39, and 16.85 pg/2C, respectively. The curve regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between altitude and nuclear DNA content in three
Elymus
species. In addition, the chromosomes of the St and Y genomes demonstrated higher polymorphism than that of the H genome. Larger genome size variations occurred in the mid-altitude populations (3,900–4,300 m) compared with other-altitude populations, suggesting a notable altitudinal pattern in genome size variation, which shaped genome evolution by altitude. This result supports our former hypothesis that genetic richness center at medium altitude is useful and valuable for species adaptation to highland environmental conditions, germplasm utilization, and conservation.
Environmental variation related to ecological habitat is the main driver of plant adaptive divergence. Longitude plays an important role in the formation of plant population structure, indicating ...that environmental differentiation can significantly shape population structure.
Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were estimated using 105 expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) loci. A total of 249
(L.) Pers. (common bermudagrass) individuals were sampled from 13 geographic sites along the longitude (105°57'34″-119°27'06″E).
There was no obvious linear trend of intra-population genetic diversity along longitude and the intra-population genetic diversity was not related to climate in this study. Low gene flow (Nm = 0.7701) meant a rich genetic differentiation among populations of
along longitude gradients. Significantly positive Mantel correlation (
= 0.438,
= 0.001) was found between genetic distance and geographical interval while no significant partial Mantel correlation after controlling the effect of mean annual precipitation, which indicated geographic distance correlated with mean annual precipitation affect genetic distance. The genetic diversity of
with higher ploidy level was higher than that with lower ploidy level and groups of individuals with higher ploidy level were separated further away by genetic distance from the lower ploidy levels. Understanding the different genetic bases of local adaptation comparatively between latitude and longitude is one of the core findings in the adaptive evolution of plants.
PDF
