Most previous studies on healthcare service utilization in low-income countries have not used a multilevel study design to address the importance of community-level women's autonomy. We assessed ...whether women's autonomy, measured at both individual and community levels, is associated with maternal healthcare service utilization in Ethiopia.
We analyzed data from the 2005 and 2011 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys (N = 6058 and 7043, respectively) for measuring women's decision-making power and permissive gender norms associated with wife beating. We used Spearman's correlation and the chi-squared test for bivariate analyses and constructed generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to analyze the associations between women's autonomy indicators and maternal healthcare service utilization with control for other socioeconomic characteristics.
Our multivariate analysis showed that women living in communities with a higher percentage of opposing attitudes toward wife beating were more likely to use all three types of maternal healthcare services in 2011 (adjusted odds ratios = 1.21, 1.23, and 1.18 for four or more antenatal care visits, health facility delivery, and postnatal care visits, respectively). In 2005, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.16 and 1.17 for four or more antenatal care visits and health facility delivery, respectively. In 2011, the percentage of women in the community with high decision-making power was positively associated with the likelihood of four or more antenatal care visits (adjusted odds ratio = 1.14). The association of individual-level autonomy on maternal healthcare service utilization was less profound after we controlled for other individual-level and community-level characteristics.
Our study shows that women's autonomy was positively associated with maternal healthcare service utilization in Ethiopia. We suggest addressing woman empowerment in national policies and programs would be the optimal solution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Measurement of complex permittivity of granular materials is important for varying services, such as remote sensing, telemetry, etc. In the literature, various techniques have been proposed to ...determine complex permittivity of granular materials sandwiched between two low‐loss spacers from transmission and reflection measurements. However, the determined results are non‐unique and resonant at some frequencies. In this article, a technique is proposed to determine unique and stable complex permittivity of granular materials. The application steps of the proposed are clearly presented. The grain and soil sandwiched between two polyvinyl chloride (PVC) spacers are measured in the X‐band to validate the proposed technique. In order to show the advantages of the proposed technique, a 140 mm X‐band waveguide blocked by two acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic (ABS) with thickness of 2 mm is measured.
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG), two effective thermochemical approaches converting biomass into biofuels, have received increasing attention due to their ...advantages of a fast reaction rate and the use of wet feedstocks without the need for an energy-intensive drying process. In this review, we first summarize the physical properties of the biocrude oil obtained from HTL and then examine the catalytic hydrotreatment of the biocrude oil with or without solvents. The experimental studies on the SCWG of sewage sludge, microalgae, black liquor, and food wastes are analyzed, and the corrosion and salt-deposition problems associated with the solutions are discussed. Finally, to fully comprehend the reaction mechanism of biomass components in hydrothermal media, the conversion of model compounds (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, lipid, protein, and their derivatives) is reviewed.
Catalytic hydrotreatment of HTL biocrude oil, SCWG of biomass, and hydrothermal conversion of model compounds are reviewed.
In the above letter, the authors investigate and present dielectric measurements of powdered forest fire ash using the Nicholson-Ross-Weir method within a WR-90 waveguide (X-band 8-12 GHz). However, ...some errors have been found, which are clarified in this letter.
Video frame interpolation aims to improve the video quality by increasing the frame rate. Existing methods adopt the cascaded architecture. They first estimate intermediate flow maps and then refine ...the synthesized intermediate frames with contextual features separately. However, the separated flow estimation and refined module ignore the mutual facilitation of them in frame interpolation. Following this issue, we propose a Dual-Stream Fused Network (DSF-Net) to joint flow estimation and refinement module for frame interpolation. Specifically, it first extracts the contextual features from input frames by a contextual feature extractor module, and then jointly refines the intermediate flow maps with the extracted features through a coarse-to-fine frame synthesis module. DSF-Net allows the intermediate flow and the contextual features to benefit each other while generating sharper moving objects and capturing better textual details. Experimental results demonstrate that DSF-Net performs consistently better than existing SOTA methods.
As an enabler technology in future network, terahertz (THz) joint radar-communication (T-JRC) has been envisioned as a solution to overcome the challenges in THz communications. Recent works on JRC ...mainly emphasize either performance tradeoffs or mutual benefits between radar and communication functionalities. Unable to characterize both benefit and tradeoff relationships, existing metrics and models are inapplicable to performance analysis on T-JRC systems. In this paper, a closed-form T-JRC performance model are proposed to explore the relationship between radar and communication metrics. To begin with, a novel T-JRC system model concerning random mobility and THz beam tracking is put forward. Next, the performance bounds of T-JRC performance in terms of communication rate and a proposed radar rate are acquired in three different integration cases. Furthermore, the expression of communication rate by radar rate in T-JRC is obtained theoretically, which is the first time to derive the closed-form relationship considering both benefits and tradeoffs to the best of our knowledge. Finally, numerical results validate the proposed model as well as closed-form expression, showing that the model succeeds in benefit and tradeoff relationship characterization in T-JRC systems and the fitting bounds are applicable in non-extreme scenarios.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a unique class of commercially manufactured biodegradable polyesters with properties suitable for partially substituting petroleum‐based plastics. However, high costs ...and low volumes of production have restricted their application as commodity materials. In this study, tri‐metallic complexes were developed for carbonylative polymerization via a dual catalysis strategy, and 17 products of novel PHAs with up to 38.2 kg mol−1 Mn values were discovered. The polymerization proceeds in a sequential fashion, which entails the carbonylative ring expansion of epoxide to β‐lactone and its subsequent ring‐opening polymerization that occurs selectively at the O‐alkyl bond via carboxylate species. The wide availability and structural diversity of epoxide monomers provide PHAs with various structures, excellent functionalities, and tunable properties. This study represents a rare example of the preparation of PHAs using epoxides and carbon monoxide as raw materials.
A dual catalysis strategy via carboxylate species featuring weak nucleophilicity and basicity is used for the direct carbonylative polymerization of various epoxides for the production of original advanced polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with high molecular weight and tunable functionalization. This study represents a rare example of PHAs synthesis using epoxides and carbon monoxide as raw materials.
A novel magnetically recoverable Au nanocatalyst was fabricated by the simple adsorption–reduction of Au(III) ions on chitosan-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocarrier. Au nanoparticles with a mean ...diameter of 3.14
nm were well loaded on the surface of magnetic nanocarrier because chitosan layer provided an effective driving force in the formation and stabilization of Au nanoparticles. The resultant magnetically recoverable Au nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity to the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with sodium borohydride. The rate constants evaluated in terms of pseudo-first-order kinetic model increased with increasing the amount of Au nanocatalyst, decreasing the initial 4-NP concentration, and increasing the temperature. Also, the kinetic data suggested that this catalytic reaction was diffusion controlled owing to the presence of chitosan layer. In addition, catalyst reuse showed no trace of deactivation or poisoning during the catalytic and separation processes, revealing the stable nature and good catalytic ability of this nanocatalyst.
A typical magnetometer-based measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system determines the azimuth of the bottom hole assembly during the drilling process by employing triaxial accelerometers and ...magnetometers. The geomagnetic azimuth solution is susceptible to magnetic interference, especially strong magnetic interference and so a rotary norm constraint filtering (RNCF) method for azimuth estimation, designed to support a gyroscope-aided magnetometer-based MWD system, is proposed. First, a new magnetic dynamical system, one whose output is observed by the magnetometers triad, is designed based on the Coriolis equation of the desired geomagnetic vector. Second, given that the norm of the non-interfered geomagnetic vector can be approximated as a constant during a short-term drilling process, a norm constraint procedure is introduced to the Kalman filter. This is achieved by the normalization of the geomagnetic part of the state vector of the dynamical system and is undertaken in order to obtain a precise geomagnetic component. Simulation and actual drilling experiments show that the proposed RNCF method can effectively improve the azimuth measurement precision with 98.5% over the typical geomagnetic solution and 37.1% over the KF in a RMSE sense when being strong magnetic interference environment.
Elderly people tend to have greater healthcare utilization because of their health status. However, with the 4th largest population in the world, little is known concerning the use of services among ...the Indonesian elderly. Hence, this study aimed to identify factors related to the use of outpatient services among the Indonesian elderly.
This is cross sectional study using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5), conducted in 2014 and 2015. Only those who were 60 years or older were included in the analyses. We used a logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with use of outpatient services.
Among 2912 participants, only 22.7% of respondents had visited health workers or doctors within the previous 4 weeks before the survey. After controlling for other variables, factors associated with the use of outpatient services were socioeconomic status, insurance status, regions of residence, self-rated health, and the number of chronic conditions.
Inequality in outpatient services was observed among the elderly in Indonesia. More effort is need to expand insurance coverage for the elderly, particularly for those in the lower economic status, and to improve access to outpatient services in rural regions by allocating the needed resources.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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