As state-of-the-art fabrication techniques are approaching the 3 nm size, the traditional silicon-based circuit faces huge challenges. Transistors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have ...attracted much attention as potential alternative candidates. However, critical performances including the subthreshold swing (SS), on/off ratio, and magnitude of the on-state current for 2D transistors around 3 nm size are far less to be studied well. In this work, we propose in-plane Schottky-barrier field-effect transistors (SBFETs) with a 4-nm channel based on the lateral heterostructure of monolayer 1T/2H MoTe2 and WTe2. The electric transport properties are investigated by first-principles quantum transport simulations. At a 0.64 V bias, the WTe2 SBFET has an on-state current of 3861 μA/μm, with a 4.5 × 104 on/off ratio and an SS of 87 mV/dec, while the MoTe2 SBFET has an on-state current of 1480 μA/μm, with a large on/off rate of 3.6 × 105 and an SS of 78 mV/dec. Our results suggest that FETs based on the lateral heterostructure of 1T/2H MoTe2 (WTe2) are promising candidates for high-performance 2D transistors.
Using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green's function method, the transport properties of borophene-based nano gas sensors with gold electrodes are calculated, and ...comprehensive understandings regarding the effects of gas molecules, MoS2 substrate and gold electrodes to the transport properties of borophene are made. Results show that borophene-based sensors can be used to detect and distinguish CO, NO, NO 2 and NH 3 gas molecules, MoS 2 substrate leads to a nonlinear behavior on the current-voltage characteristic, and gold electrodes provide charges to borophene and form a potential barrier, which reduced the current values compared to the current of the systems without gold electrodes. Our studies not only provide useful information on the computationally design of borophene-based gas sensors, but also help understand the transport behaviors and underlying physics of 2D metallic materials with metal electrodes.
Dear Editor,
In plants, the floral transition is flexibly controlled by various environmental conditions and endogenous developmental cues. In Arabidopsis, six major flowering pathways respond to ...changes in these factors （Fornara et al., 2010）. The photoperiod, vernalization, and ambient pathways monitor exogenous signals from the environment such as day length, minimum winter temperature, and ambient temperature （Fornara et al., 2010）. By contrast, the autonomous, gibberellin, and age pathways respond to endogenous cues linked to developmental status （Fornara et al., 2010）. Accumulating evidence indicates that the six flowering pathways converge in a network to regulate floral integrator genes FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, TWIN SISTER OF FT （TSF）, and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 （Fornara et al., 2010）.
Static random access memory (SRAM) is widely used in sensing applications and in a wide variety of other ASIC and system chips. In order to obtain the maximum SRAM capacity while further reducing the ...chip area, SRAM usually uses the minimum size allowed by the corresponding technology node. However, when the process size is reduced, the static leakage current of the SRAM memory unit will increase, which will lead to an increase in the static power consumption of the system or chip. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a small-size SRAM with low leakage power consumption and satisfactory performance. In this paper, based on the SRAM structure with mature technology and mass production, the size of the SRAM is miniaturized by 20% to develop a smaller size of SRAM, and the static leakage of small size SRAM unit is improved by failure analysis and process optimization. As the distance between the polysilicon gates of small size SRAM unit decreases, the static leakage current becomes larger due to the gate oxygen tunneling current caused by too large contact hole and the PN junction reverse bias current caused by poor growth of metal silicide. By reducing the size of the contact hole and optimizing the growth conditions of the metal silicide, the static leakage current of small size SRAM is reduced to less than 70 μA, fully meeting the design requirements of 150 μA.
Application of PID Tracking Control in Inverted Pendulum System Duan, Lingfei; Su, Xiong; Tang, Youyuan ...
2021 IEEE 4th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC),
2021-June-18, Letnik:
4
Conference Proceeding
Inverted Pendulum System is a typical high-order nonlinear system and always used to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm. This article uses the PID tracking control to predict the ...pendulum swing angle, and builds a real environment to verify the algorithm. Firstly, the inverted pendulum is analyzed and simulated to get its system characteristics. Then build a real physical model of the whole control system. Finally, based on the real system, this paper uses the double closed-loop PID control algorithm and PID tracking control algorithm individually to verify and compare control effect. The experimental result shows that the PID tracking control has good robustness and can avoid the logic contradiction of speed loop's parameter adjustment in the typical double closed-loop algorithm and this algorithm has higher efficiency of the parameter adjustment and practicability.
Using density functional theory combined with nonequilibrium Green's function method, the transport properties of borophene-based nano gas sensors with gold electrodes are calculated, and ...comprehensive understandings regarding the effects of gas molecules, MoS\(_2\) substrate and gold electrodes to the transport properties of borophene are made. Results show that borophene-based sensors can be used to detect and distinguish CO, NO, NO\(_2\) and NH\(_3\) gas molecules, MoS\(_2\) substrate leads to a non-linear behavior on the current-voltage characteristic, and gold electrodes provide charges to borophene and form a potential barrier, which reduced the current values compared to the current of the systems without gold electrodes. Our studies not only provide useful information on the computationally design of borophene-based gas sensors, but also help understand the transport behaviors and underlying physics of 2D metallic materials with metal electrodes.
Gibberellin (GA) and photoperiod pathways have recently been demonstrated to collaboratively modulate flowering under long days (LDs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this collaboration ...remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that GA-induced expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) under LDs was dependent on CONSTANS (CO), a critical transcription factor positively involved in photoperiod signaling. Mechanistic investigation revealed that DELLA proteins, a group of crucial repressors in GA signaling, physically interacted with CO. The DELLA-CO interactions repressed the transcriptional function of CO protein. Genetic analysis demonstrated that CO acts downstream of DELLA proteins to regulate flowering. Disruption of CO rescued the earlier flowering phenotype of the gai-t6
rga-t2
rgl1-1
rgl2-1 mutant (dellap), while a gain-of-function mutation in GA INSENSITIVE (GAI, a member of the DELLA gene) repressed the earlier flowering phenotype of CO-overexpressing plants. In addition, the accumulation of DELLA proteins and mRNAs was rhythmic, and REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 protein was noticeably decreased in the long-day afternoon, a time when CO protein is abundant. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the DELLA-CO cascade inhibits CO/FT-mediated flowering under LDs, which thus provide evidence to directly integrate GA and photoperiod signaling to synergistically modulate flowering under LDs.
Gibberellin (GA) regulates many developmental transitions in the plant life cycle. Although great progress has been made, the GA signaling pathways have not been fully elucidated. Identifying and ...characterizing new targets of DELLA proteins is an effective approach to reveal the complicated GA signaling networks. In this study, two novel DELLA-interacting transcription factors, bHLH48 and bHLH60, were identified. Their overexpression caused plants to flower early under long-day conditions, whereas their functional repression resulted in the opposite result. The constitutive expression of bHLH48 and bHLH60 upregulated the transcription of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that bHLH48 bound to the promoter of FT and that GA promoted the DNA-binding activity of bHLH48. Genetic analyses indicated that the early flowering phenotype of plants overexpressing bHLH48 and bHLH60 depended on FT and that the overexpression of bHLH48 and bHLH60 could rescue the lateflowering phenotypes of RGL1 overexpressing plants. Transient expression assays suggested that RGL1 inhibited the transcription activation ability of bHLH48 and bHLH60. Taken together, this study confirmed that bHLH48 and bHLH60 positively regulate GA-mediated flowering.
Recent studies in Arabidopsis have revealed that some VQ motif‐containing proteins physically interact with WRKY transcription factors; however, their specific biological functions are still poorly ...understood. In this study, we confirmed the interaction between VQ10 and WRKY8, and show that VQ10 and WRKY8 formed a complex in the plant cell nucleus. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that the middle region of WRKY8 and the VQ motif of VQ10 are critical for their interaction, and that this interaction promotes the DNA‐binding activity of WRKY8. Further investigation revealed that the VQ10 protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus, and VQ10 was predominantly expressed in siliques. VQ10 expression was strongly responsive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea and defense‐related hormones. Phenotypic analysis showed that disruption of VQ10 increased mutant plants susceptibility to the fungal pathogen B. cinerea, whereas constitutive‐expression of VQ10 enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Consistent with these findings, expression of the defense‐related PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) gene was decreased in vq10 mutant plants, after B. cinerea infection, but increased in VQ10‐overexpressing transgenic plants. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that VQ10 physically interacts with WRKY8 and positively regulates plant basal resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen B. cinerea.
VQ10 is a VQ motif‐containing protein, while WRKY8 is an important positive regulator of plant resistance against the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we demonstrated that VQ10 physically interacts with WRKY8 and activates its transcriptional activity, and the over‐expression of VQ10 enhances plant resistance to B. cinerea.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a common lethal subtype of stroke accounting for nearly 10–15% of the total stroke disease and affecting two million people worldwide, has a high mortality and ...disability rate and, thus, a major socioeconomic burden. However, there is no effective treatment available currently. The role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine is well known owing to the simplicity of acquisition from various sources, low immunogenicity, adaptation to the autogenic and allogeneic systems, immunomodulation, self-recovery by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), regenerative repair, and antioxidative stress. MSC therapy provides an increasingly attractive therapeutic approach for ICH. Recently, the functions of MSCs such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and improvement in synaptic plasticity have been widely researched in human and rodent models of ICH. MSC transplantation has been proven to improve ICH-induced injury, including the damage of nerve cells and oligodendrocytes, the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the destruction of blood vessels. The improvement and recovery of neurological functions in rodent ICH models were demonstrated
via
the mechanisms such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. Here, we discuss the pathological mechanisms following ICH and the therapeutic mechanisms of MSC-based therapy to unravel new cues for future therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, some potential strategies for enhancing the therapeutic function of MSC transplantation have also been suggested.
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