Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of cells that regulate the immune response and exert immunosuppressive effects on various immune cells. Current studies indicate that MDSCs have ...both anti-inflammatory effects and proinflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA animal models. MDSCs inhibit CD4
T cells, which secrete proinflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, by inhibiting iNOS, ROS, and IFN-γ and promoting the production of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. MDSCs can suppress dendritic cells by reducing MHC-II and CD86 expression, expand Treg cells
through the action of IL-10, inhibit B cells through NO and PGE
, and promote Th17 cell responses by secreting IL-1β. As a type of osteoclast precursor cell, MDSCs can differentiate into osteoclasts through activation of the NF-κB pathway via IL-1α. Overall, our study reviews the research progress related to MDSCs in RA, focusing on the effects of MDSCs on various types of cells and aiming to provide ideas to help reveal the important role of MDSCs in RA.
This study aimed to identify the related risk factors and potential predictors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion by describing the dynamics of viral shedding in infected children admitted to two ...hospitals from Shanghai during the Omicron variant outbreak.
This retrospective cohort included laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Shanghai between March 28 and May 31, 2022. Clinical characteristics, personal vaccination, and household vaccination rates were collected through electronic health records and telephone interviews.
A total of 603 paediatric patients confirmed to have COVID-19 were included in this study. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to filter independent factors for the duration to viral RNA negative conversion. Data on the redetection of SARS-CoV-2 in the patients after they showed negative results on the RT‒PCR test (intermittent negative status) were also analysed. The median duration of virus shedding was 12 (interquartile range, IQR: 10-14) days. The severity of clinical outcome, personal vaccination-2doses, household vaccination rates, and abnormal defecation were factors indecently affecting negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, suggesting that patients who had abnormal defecation or with more severe conditions would have delayed virological clearance, while patients who previously had 2 doses of vaccination or had higher household vaccination rates would have accelerated virological clearance. Loss of appetite (odds ratio (OR): 5.343; 95% CI: 3.307-8.632) and abnormal defecation (OR: 2.840; 95% CI: 1.736-4.645) were significantly associated with intermittent negative status.
These findings could provide clues for the early identification of paediatric patients with prolonged viral shedding and could enrich the evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies, especially vaccination policies for children and adolescents.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cysteine, an early sulfur-containing compound in plants, is of significant importance in sulfur metabolism. CYS encodes cysteine synthetase that further catalyzes cysteine synthesis. In this ...investigation, CYS genes, identified from genome-wide analysis of Gossypium hirsutum bioinformatically, led to the discovery of GhCYS2 as the pivotal gene responsible for Cd2+ response. The silencing of GhCYS2 through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) rendered plants highly susceptible to Cd2+ stress. Silencing GhCYS2 in plants resulted in diminished levels of cysteine and glutathione while leading to the accumulation of MDA and ROS within cells, thereby impeding the regular process of photosynthesis. Consequently, the stomatal aperture of leaves decreased, epidermal cells underwent distortion and deformation, intercellular connections are dramatically disrupted, and fissures manifested between cells. Ultimately, these detrimental effected culminating in plant wilting and a substantial reduction in biomass. The association established between Cd2+ and cysteine in this investigation offered a valuable reference point for further inquiry into the functional and regulatory mechanisms of cysteine synthesis genes.
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•Cd2+ affects intercellular microstructure and photosynthesis in cotton.•GhCYS2 regulates cysteine levels responding to Cd2+.•GhCYS2 effectively modulates the resistance of Cd2+ in cotton.
Due to the nonlinear impacts of meteorology and precursors, the response of ozone (O
) trends to emission changes is very complex over different regions in megacity Beijing. Based on long-term ...in-situ observations at 35 air quality sites (four categories, i.e., urban, traffic, northern suburban and southern suburban sites) and satellite data, spatiotemporal variability of O
, gaseous precursors, and O
-VOCs-NO
sensitivity were explored through multiple metrics during the warm season from 2013 to 2020. Additionally, the contribution of meteorology and emissions to O
was separated by a machine-learning-based de-weathered method. The annual averaged MDA8 O
and O
increased by 3.7 and 2.9 μg/m
/yr, respectively, with the highest at traffic sites and the lowest in northern suburb, and the rate of O
(O
+ NO
) was 0.2 μg/m
/yr with the highest in southern suburb, although NO
declined strongly and HCHO decreased slightly. However, the increment of O
and O
in the daytime exhibited decreasing trends to some extent. Additionally, NO
abatements weakened O
loss through less NO titration, which drove narrowing differences in urban-suburban O
and O
. Due to larger decrease of NO
in urban region and HCHO in northern suburb, the extent of VOCs-limited regime fluctuated over Beijing and northern suburb gradually shifted to transition or NO
-limited regime. Compared with the directly observed trends, the increasing rate of de-weathered O
was lower, which was attributed to favorable meteorological conditions for O
generation after 2017, especially in June (the most polluted month); whereas the de-weathered O
declined except in southern suburb. Overall, clean air actions were effective in reducing the atmospheric oxidation capacity in urban and northern suburban regions, weakening local photochemical production over Beijing and suppressing O
deterioration in northern suburb. Strengthening VOCs control and keeping NO
abatement, especially in June, will be vital to reverse O
increase trend in Beijing.
The characteristics of ozone variations and the impacts of synoptic and
local meteorological factors in northern China were quantitatively analyzed
during the warm season from 2013 to 2017 based on ...multi-city in situ ozone
and meteorological data as well as meteorological reanalysis. The
domain-averaged maximum daily 8 h running average O3 (MDA8 O3)
concentration was 122±11 µg m−3, with an increase rate of
7.88 µg m−3 yr−1, and the three most polluted months were
closely related to the variations in the synoptic circulation patterns,
which occurred in June (149 µg m−3), May (138 µg m−3)
and July (132 µg m−3). A total of 26 weather types (merged into five
weather categories) were objectively identified using the Lamb–Jenkinson
method. The highly polluted weather categories included the S–W–N directions
(geostrophic wind direction diverts from south to north), low-pressure-related weather types (LP) and cyclone type, which the study area controlled
by a low-pressure center (C), and the corresponding domain-averaged MDA8
O3 concentrations were 122, 126 and 128 µg m−3, respectively.
Based on the frequency and intensity changes of the synoptic circulation
patterns, 39.2 % of the interannual increase in the domain-averaged
O3 from 2013 to 2017 was attributed to synoptic changes, and the
intensity of the synoptic circulation patterns was the dominant factor.
Using synoptic classification and local meteorological factors, the
segmented synoptic-regression approach was established to evaluate and
forecast daily ozone variability on an urban scale. The results showed
that this method is practical in most cities, and the dominant factors are
the maximum temperature, southerly winds, relative humidity on the previous
day and on the same day, and total cloud cover. Overall, 41 %–63 % of the
day-to-day variability in the MDA8 O3 concentrations was due to local
meteorological variations in most cities over northern China, except for two
cities: QHD (Qinhuangdao) at 34 % and ZZ (Zhengzhou) at 20 %. Our
quantitative exploration of the influence of both synoptic and local
meteorological factors on interannual and day-to-day ozone variability will
provide a scientific basis for evaluating emission reduction measures that
have been implemented by the national and local governments to mitigate air
pollution in northern China.
Session-based recommendation systems have high application value. Determining how to make better use of anonymous user sessions to recommend items of interest is a considerable challenge for current ...recommendation systems. Existing research has mainly focused on sequential session patterns; however, due to the complexity and diversity of user interests, such interests cannot be effectively modeled in this way. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the transition patterns between items by constructing a session graph and propose a novel model called Weighted Graph Interest Networks (WGIN) that collaboratively considers hidden user preference information and the potential order of items in the session graph for a session-based recommendation system. Specifically, we propose a repetitive weighted graph neural network (RWGNN), which pays attention to the transitions between frequent items in a session to deeply explore the preferences of users. In addition, we establish a new Transformer structure to model long-term and short-term user preferences and obtain rich session embeddings. Extensive experiments on two real datasets illustrate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art session-based recommendation methods.
•Prejudge the lubricating properties of different nanoparticles by performing a frictional test.•The grinding process was simulated by a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribotester.•Test and verify the ...lubricating properties of the same nanofluids used in the grinding experiment.•The frictional test can be used to prejudge the lubricating performance of the lubricants.
This paper presents the lubricating properties of different vegetable-oil-based nanofluids through a comparative evaluation between frictional test and grinding experiment. Two series of experiments were performed. The first experiment aimed to prejudge the lubricating properties of different nanofluids via a frictional test, which simulated the interface state of grinding between the abrasive grains and the workpiece. The second aimed to test and verify the lubricating properties of the same nanofluids through a grinding experiment. The mechanism of oil-film formation of nanofluids in the grinding zone was analyzed by morphology and element analysis of the worn surface. Overall, results indicate that all the nanoparticles can remarkably improve the lubricating properties of the base oil, and nanofluids effectively reduce sliding friction by forming a stable and low-friction film on the surface of friction pairs. In the frictional test, the average friction coefficient of Al2O3 nanofluids decreased by 19.3%, and the mass wearing ratio increased by 65% compared with that of pure palm oil. The lubricating properties of different nanofluids in the frictional test were in good agreement with those in the grinding experiment. Thereby, the results can provide theoretical support and experimental guidance to explore the lubricating properties and film-formation mechanism of nanofluids in grinding zones. The results also prove that the Al2O3 and MoS2 nanoparticles are suitable as anti-friction additives for machining lubricants.
The soluble fractions of iron (FeS) and manganese (MnS) in atmospheric aerosols potentially impact human health and ocean ecosystems. This study investigated a persistent haze-to-dust process ...observed in winter Qingdao, a coastal city in Northern China, focusing on the aerosol sources and acidification process affecting the dissolution of Fe and Mn. It was found that FeS in PM2.5 peaked during the intermingling of dust plumes with local haze, while other species of Fe and Mn reached their maximal levels coinciding with PM10. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis determined that aged dust was the main source of FeS in PM2.5, accounting for 44.0%, while fresh dust contributed just 1.9%. Conversely, fresh dust played a more significant role in PM10, contributing 8.9% to FeS. Similar trends were observed in the initial dust and dust swing periods, aged dust was the dominant contributor to FeS, but fresh dust accounted for a higher fraction in PM10 (11.5%) than in PM2.5 (4.9%). In contrast, MnS levels, with high solubility (%MnS), were mainly from fresh dust (27.9% and 63.2% in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). The PMF estimated %MnS in fresh dust at 17.0% for PM2.5 and 19.4% for PM10, considerably higher than Fe solubility (%FeS) at 0.3% and 0.1% in the corresponding particulate sizes. Additionally, %FeS correlated more strongly with sulfate and nitrate per unit Fe mass (R2 = 0.68 and 0.79 in PM2.5 and PM10) than %MnS (R2 = 0.49 and 0.50), suggesting a more profound impact of acidification on Fe dissolution. Further analysis suggests liquid water content rather than pH played a more critical role during the acidification process within fine particles. This study successfully estimated the solubility of Fe and Mn within various aerosols, providing valuable information and advancing our understanding of their dissolution and potential health and ecosystem impacts.
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•The fresh and aged dust were successfully distinguished during a haze-to-dust event via a refined PMF model.•Soluble Fe in both PM2.5 and PM10 mainly from aged dust, with more fresh dust in PM10; soluble Mn mainly from fresh dust.•Solubilities of Fe and Mn from fresh and aged dust aerosols estimated via PMF analysis generally resemble the observed data.•The acidification process exerts a more pronounced impact on the dissolution of Fe than on Mn.•Liquid water content rather than pH played a more critical role during the acidification process within fine particles.
In this study, we introduce our newly developed measurement-fed-perception self-adaption Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network (LUCCN) prototype. The LUCCN primarily consists of two ...categories of instruments, including ground-based and UAV-based in-situ measurement. We use the GMP343, a low-cost non-dispersive infrared sensor, in both ground-based and UAV-based instruments. The first integrated measurement campaign took place in Shenzhen, China, 4 May 2023. During the campaign, we found that LUCCN’s UAV component presented significant data-collecting advantages over its ground-based counterpart owing to the relatively high altitudes of the point emission sources, which was especially obvious at a gas power plant in Shenzhen. The emission flux was calculated by a cross-sectional flux (CSF) method, the results of which differed from the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide (ODIAC). The CSF result was slightly larger than others because of the low sampling rate of the whole emission cross section. The LUCCN system will be applied in future carbon monitoring campaigns to increase the spatiotemporal coverage of carbon emission information, especially in scenarios involving the detection of smaller-scale, rapidly varying sources and sinks.
Self-assembled short peptides have intrigued scientists due to the convenience of synthesis, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, inherent biodegradability and fast response to change in the ...physiological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to present a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the last decade regarding the construction, route of administration and application of self-assembled short peptides based on the knowledge on their unique and specific ability of self-assembly. Herein, we firstly explored the molecular mechanisms of self-assembly of short peptides, such as non-modified amino acids, as well as Fmoc-modified, N-functionalized, and C-functionalized peptides. Next, cell penetration, fusion, and peptide targeting in peptide-based drug delivery were characterized. Then, the common administration routes and the potential pharmaceutical applications (drug delivery, antibacterial activity, stabilizers, imaging agents, and applications in bioengineering) of peptide drugs were respectively summarized. Last but not least, some general conclusions and future perspectives in the relevant fields were briefly listed. Although with certain challenges, great opportunities are offered by self-assembled short peptides to the fascinating area of drug development.
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