In this paper, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a multiplexed sensing interrogation technique based on a flexibly switchable multi-passband RF filter with a polarization maintaining ...fiber (PMF) Solc-Sagnac loop. A high-order Solc-Sagnac loop can be used as a spectrum slicer as well as sensing heads, and a multi-passband microwave photonic filter (MPF) can be achieved together with a dispersive medium. Environmental parameter variations will cause a frequency shift of the corresponding passband of the MPF, so by employing only one Sagnac loop, it is possible to monitor several environmental parameters simultaneously. In this article, we have demonstrated and analyzed the performance of the flexibly switchable multi-passband MPF by using a second-order Solc-Sagnac loop. To demonstrate the temperature sensing capabilities of our interrogation system, we have applied temperature changes individually to Sensor Head 1 (
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) only, and both Sensor Head 1 and 2 in the experiment. By monitoring frequency shift of the MPF’s passbands, the sensitivities for Sensor Head 1 and Sensor Head 2 have been estimated to be -0.275 ± 0.011 MHz/℃ and -0.811 ± 0.013 MHz/℃ respectively, which show a good sensing linearity and stability. By utilizing the longer length of the sensing PMF, higher sensitivity can be achieved. By using Solc-Sagnac loop with higher order, more sensors can be multiplexed.
A generalized method for the extraction of longitudinal parameters of materials in a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is proposed in this brief. Based on the simplification of the equivalent ...circuit of a Mason model, a compact step impedance resonator (SIR) model without loss resistors or static capacitors is obtained. The resonance of the acoustic layer is also expressed through the resonance condition of a SIR model analytically. Innovatively, the simplified model is used to fit the parallel resonance frequency (f p ) of different measured FBARs on a same wafer. Combined with the stack information of five cross section samples and the measured f p , longitudinal acoustic velocities and densities of AlN and Mo is extracted. The fitted resonance frequency of the simplified model is compared to the measured f p , and the maximum frequency offset is controlled within 6 MHz. In addition, the extracted material parameters are compared with the reference values and show great matching. This brief analytically reveals the correlation between material parameters and f p , and the proposed method is useful for accurate frequency fitting and parameter extraction.
In this work 304SS was irradiated by 460 keV Fe+ ion beam with dose up to 1 x 10(21) ions/m2 or by 500 keV He+ ion beam with dose up to 1 x 10(21) ions/m2. The micro-hardness and XPS measurement were ...taken on for the irradiated specimens and the annealed specimen.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), which is a noninvasive form of mechanical energy, has been utilized as a clinical therapy for bone fracture healing. However, the mechanism how LIPUS affects ...osteoclast formation and osteoclast activity, has not been fully detailed. Here we found that LIPUS inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro, characterized by decreased number and area of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cells. Moreover, the expression levels of osteoclast-specific gene were also suppressed by LIPUS treatment. Interestingly, F-actin staining and resorption pit assay showed that LIPUS did not affect the bone resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. Mechanistically, LIPUS achieved these inhibitory effects by disrupting the phosphorylation of ERK and subsequent activation of the osteoclastic transcription factors, c-Fos and NFATc1. Collectively, our results demonstrated that LIPUS effectively suppresses osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-specific gene expression through the inhibition of ERK-c-Fos-NFATC1 cascades.
5-fluarouracil-based chemotherapy has become a standard regimen for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer （ACRC）.^1 Defined as the second line therapy for ACRC with 5-fluarouracil （5-Fu） plus ...leucovorin （LV） combined with oxaliplatin （OXA）, the response rate （RR）, progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） were 21.2%, at 4.7 and 11.5 months, whereas RR, PFS and OS with 5-Fu plus LV combined with irinotecan （CPT-11） were 11.4%, at 3.2 and 12.2 months. There were no statistical difference between the two protocals.^2,3 Those results may well suggest that some of these patients were resistant to 5-Fu. Therefore it is necessary to find a more effective regimen without 5-Fu to treat recurrent ACRC patients that were initially treated with 5-Fu. Our previous study showed that OXA can enhance the function of hydroxycamptothecine （HCPT） in inducing the apoptosis of a human colorectal cell line in vivo.^4 So we chose OXA plus HCPT （OH） regimen to treat 28 patients with ACRC and compared RR, one-year survival rate, PFS, OS and main toxicities with a 5-Fu plus LV combined with OXA （OFL） regimen.
A dressed-state perturbation theory beyond the rotating wave approximation (RWA) is presented to investigate the interaction between a two-level electronic transition of polar molecules and a ...quantized cavity field. Analytical expressions can be explicitly derived for both the ground- and excited-state-energy spectrums and wave functions of the system, where the contribution of permanent dipole moments (PDM) and the counter-rotating wave term (CRT) can be shown separately. The validity of these explicit results is discussed by comparison with the direct numerical simulation. Compared to the CRT coupling, PDM results in the coupling of more dressed states and the energy shift is proportional to the square of the normalized permanent dipole difference, and a greater Bloch-Siegert shift can be produced in the giant dipole molecule cavity QED. In addition, our method can also be extended to the solution of the two-level atom Rabi model Hamiltonian beyond the RWA.
The full name of FOD 1 is Foreign Object Debris. This paper combines binocular vision difference to realize Foreign Object Debris detection. The principle of Binocular parallax 2 simulates that the ...human eyes observe the same position from different observation angles, the spatial information obtained by the left and right eyes is different, and the spatial information is described by detecting this difference. In this paper, the detection of Foreign Object Detection is realized by this principle and binocular camera. Firstly, the appropriate mathematical model is established according to the three-dimensional space information of airport runway plane and binocular camera. Then, the feature points of interest in the right camera are extracted by sift detection algorithm, and then the feature points extracted by the right camera are projected into the image of the left camera according to the mathematical model established above. Finally, The Color difference similarity proposed in this paper is used to filter pixels, which can effectively and quickly detect foreign objects in the region. Experiments show that the algorithm can not only effectively detect the foreign object in the plane, but also eliminate some interference in the plane, such as cracks, and the dirt spots with large difference from the plane.
In this work, a new neutron and γ (n/γ) discrimination method based on an Elman Neural Network (ENN) is proposed to improve the discrimination performance of liquid scintillator (LS) detectors. ...Neutron and γ data were acquired from an EJ-335 LS detector, which was exposed in a 241Am-9Be radiation field. Neutron and γ events were discriminated using two methods of artificial neural network including the ENN and a typical Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) as a control. The results show that the two methods have different n/γ discrimination performances. Compared to the BPNN, the ENN provides an improved of Figure of Merit (FOM) in n/γ discrimination. The FOM increases from 0.907 ± 0.034 to 0.953 ± 0.037 by using the new method of the ENN. The proposed n/γ discrimination method based on ENN provides a new choice of pulse shape discrimination in neutron detection.
In this work, a new neutron and {\gamma}(n/{\gamma}) discrimination method based on an Elman Neural Network (ENN) is proposed to improve the discrimination performance of liquid scintillator (LS) ...detectors. Neutron and {\gamma} data were acquired from an EJ-335 LS detector, which was exposed in a 241Am-9Be radiation field. Neutron and {\gamma} events were discriminated using two methods of artificial neural network including the ENN and a typical Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) as a control. The results show that the two methods have different n/{\gamma} discrimination performances. Compared to the BPNN, the ENN provides an improved of Figure of Merit (FOM) in n/{\gamma} discrimination. The FOM increases from 0.907 {\pm} 0.034 to 0.953 {\pm} 0.037 by using the new method of the ENN. The proposed n/{\gamma} discrimination method based on ENN provides a new choice of pulse shape discrimination in neutron detection.
Federated learning (FL) faces three major difficulties: cross-domain, heterogeneous models, and non-i.i.d. labels scenarios. Existing FL methods fail to handle the above three constraints at the same ...time, and the level of privacy protection needs to be lowered (e.g., the model architecture and data category distribution can be shared). In this work, we propose the challenging "completely heterogeneous" scenario in FL, which refers to that each client will not expose any private information including feature space, model architecture, and label distribution. We then devise an FL framework based on parameter decoupling and data-free knowledge distillation to solve the problem. Experiments show that our proposed method achieves high performance in completely heterogeneous scenarios where other approaches fail.
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