As one of the main forms and intermediate carriers of energy, it is impressive to expand the application scope of heat energy, thereby boosting innovations in heat harvesting, conversion, storage, ...regulation, and utilization associated with the relevant techniques. Phase change materials (PCMs), as a state‐of‐the‐art latent heat storage technique, have garnered increasing interest in heat‐related applications over the past decades, and abundant high‐performance PCMs with excellent shape stability and salient thermal conductivity have been developed. This review focuses on the issues concerning organic PCMs from the perspectives of flexible, multifunctional, and smart phase change composites, along with emerging applications and processing technologies, which are expected to offer possible guidance for the exploration of next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites.
Next‐generation advanced functional phase change composites are analyzed from the perspectives of myriad phase change materials, promising applications, and mass‐manufactured processing technologies to boost their rapid implementation.
An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) occurred in Wuhan and it has rapidly spread to almost all parts of the world. For coronaviruses, RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an important ...protease that catalyzes the replication of RNA from RNA template and is an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we screened these chemical structures from traditional Chinese medicinal compounds proven to show antiviral activity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) and the similar chemical structures through a molecular docking study to target RdRp of SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). We found that theaflavin has a lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS‐CoV‐2 (−9.11 kcal/mol), SARS‐CoV (−8.03 kcal/mol), and MERS‐CoV (−8.26 kcal/mol) from idock. To confirm the result, we discovered that theaflavin has lower binding energy of −8.8 kcal/mol when it docks in the catalytic pocket of SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp by using the Blind Docking server. Regarding contact modes, hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly in binding and additional hydrogen bonds were found between theaflavin and RdRp. Moreover, one π‐cation interaction was formed between theaflavin and Arg553 from the Blind Docking server. Our results suggest that theaflavin could be a potential SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp inhibitor for further study.
Highlights
Theaflavin has a lower idock score in the catalytic pocket of RdRp in SARS‐CoV‐2, SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV from idock.
Theaflavin has a lowest binding energy when it docks in the catalytic pocket of SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp.
Theaflavin could be potential SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp inhibitor.
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor with poor prognosis. Through RNA-sequencing of 100,987 individual cells from 7 primary, 2 recurrent, and 2 lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions, ...11 major cell clusters are identified based on unbiased clustering of gene expression profiles and canonical markers. The transcriptomic properties, regulators and dynamics of osteosarcoma malignant cells together with their tumor microenvironment particularly stromal and immune cells are characterized. The transdifferentiation of malignant osteoblastic cells from malignant chondroblastic cells is revealed by analyses of inferred copy-number variation and trajectory. A proinflammatory FABP4
macrophages infiltration is noticed in lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions. Lower osteoclasts infiltration is observed in chondroblastic, recurrent and lung metastatic osteosarcoma lesions compared to primary osteoblastic osteosarcoma lesions. Importantly, TIGIT blockade enhances the cytotoxicity effects of the primary CD3
T cells with high proportion of TIGIT
cells against osteosarcoma. These results present a single-cell atlas, explore intratumor heterogeneity, and provide potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
As a new kind of water pollutant, antibiotics have encouraged researchers to develop new treatment technologies. Electrospun fiber membrane shows excellent benefits in antibiotic removal in water due ...to its advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, good connectivity, easy surface modification and new functions. This review introduces the four aspects of electrospinning technology, namely, initial development history, working principle, influencing factors and process types. The preparation technologies of electrospun functional fiber membranes are then summarized. Finally, recent studies about antibiotic removal by electrospun functional fiber membrane are reviewed from three aspects, namely, adsorption, photocatalysis and biodegradation. Future research demand is also recommended.
Yao, Y., 2020. The impact of marine culture development on the formation of offshore architectural art. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean ...Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 20–23. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. As one of the most expressive art forms, architecture is closely related to the formation of human civilization. Architectural art in the offshore area is not only affected by marine culture, but also an important manifestation of the marine culture development. This paper aims to explore the impact of the marine culture development on the formation of offshore architectural art. To this end, it first discusses about the connotation and characteristics of marine culture, and offshore architectural art. Then, taking the offshore urban square as an example, the case analysis method was used to analyze the performance of marine culture in offshore architectural art. The research results show that marine culture involves all aspects and fields of social life; the boat houses of Li minority in Hainan is one of the buildings that were earlier affected by marine culture; with the development of the times, marine cultural elements have been more integrated into offshore urban architecture, such as the Sydney Opera House and the National Maritime Museum of China; marine elements such as marine animals, ships, and sails are widely used in landscape sketches of urban square, and have both practical and spiritual functions; offshore urban squares usually reflect the marine cultural characteristics of offshore cities through road paving with different materials and colors and beautiful line designs, which give strong visual effects, and play a role in guiding and dividing space; marine culture is the cultural foundation of the economics, beauty, practicality, and regionality for the garden square in the offshore city.. The research findings have important practical value for the mutual promotion of marine culture and the image construction of offshore cities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The rapid evolution of treatment for advanced lung cancer is a story of how scientists have struggled to move from nonselective cytotoxic chemotherapy to personalized precision medicine. In this ...century, extraordinary advances have been made in the management of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, especially in the development of small molecules targeting specific tyrosine kinase receptors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These developments have led to a significant improvement in survival for lung cancer patients with metastatic disease. Now, the core guidelines to treat non-small cell lung cancer are based on the identification of targetable driver mutations and immune checkpoints. Continued investigations of newly identified druggable genetic alterations, explorations of biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors, development of next-generation immunotherapy, and optimization of combination therapy are necessary to provide better treatment outcomes for lung cancer patients in the future.
Abstract
Background
The survival of patients with lung cancer undergoing critical care has improved. An increasing number of patients with lung cancer have signed a predefined do-not-intubate (DNI) ...order before admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). These patients may still be transferred to the ICU and even receive non-invasive ventilation (NIV) support. However, there is still a lack of prognostic predictions in this cohort. Whether patients will benefit from ICU care remains unclear.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from patients with advanced lung cancer who had signed a DNI order before ICU admission in a tertiary medical center between 2014 and 2016. The clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were discussed.
Results
A total of 140 patients (median age, 73 years; 62.1% were male) were included, had been diagnosed with stage III or IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (AJCC 7th edition), and signed a DNI. Most patients received NIV during ICU stay. The median APACHE II score was 14 (standard error SE, ± 0.66) and the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F ratio) was 174.2 (SD, ± 104 mmHg). The APACHE II score was significantly lower in 28-day survivors (survivor: 12 (± 0.98) vs. non-survivor: 15 (± 0.83);
p
= 0.019). The P/F ratio of the survivors was higher than that of non-survivors (survivors: 209.6 ± 111.4 vs. non-survivors: 157.9 ± 96.7;
p
= 0.006). Patients with a P/F ratio ≥ 150 had better 28-day survival (
p
= 0.005). By combining P/F ratio ≥ 150 and APACHE II score < 16, those with high P/F ratios and low APACHE II scores during ICU admission had a notable 28-day survival compared with the rest (
p
< 0.001). These prognostic factors could also be applied to 90-day survival (
p
= 0.003). The prediction model was significant for those with driver mutations in 90-day survival (
p
= 0.021).
Conclusions
P/F ratio ≥ 150 and APACHE II score < 16 were significant prognostic factors for critically ill patients with lung cancer and DNI. This prediction could be applied to 90-day survival in patients with driver mutations. These findings are informative for clinical practice and decision-making.
Abstract
To date, about two dozen low-mass embedded protostars exhibit rich spectra with lines of complex organic molecules (COMs). These protostars seem to possess a different enrichment in COMs. ...However, the statistics of COM abundance in low-mass protostars are limited by the scarcity of observations. This study introduces the Perseus ALMA Chemistry Survey (PEACHES), which aims at unbiasedly characterizing the chemistry of COMs toward the embedded (Class 0/I) protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud. Of the 50 embedded protostars surveyed, 58% of them have emission from COMs. 56%, 32%, and 40% of the protostars have CH
3
OH, CH
3
OCHO, and N-bearing COMs, respectively. The detectability of COMs depends neither on the averaged continuum brightness temperature, a proxy of the H
2
column density, nor on the bolometric luminosity and the bolometric temperature. For the protostars with detected COMs, CH
3
OH has a tight correlation with CH
3
CN, spanning more than two orders of magnitude in column densities normalized by the continuum brightness temperature, suggesting a chemical relation between CH
3
OH and CH
3
CN and a large chemical diversity in the PEACHES samples at the same time. A similar trend with more scatter is also found between all identified COMs, which hints at a common chemistry for the sources with COMs. The correlation between COMs is insensitive to the protostellar properties, such as the bolometric luminosity and the bolometric temperature. The abundance of larger COMs (CH
3
OCHO and CH
3
OCH
3
) relative to that of smaller COMs (CH
3
OH and CH
3
CN) increases with the inferred gas column density, hinting at an efficient production of complex species in denser envelopes.
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency of phagocyte function due to defective NADPH oxidase (phox). Compared with the common types of
CYBB/
gp91
phox
,
NCF1
/p47
phox
, and
...CYBA
/p22
phox
deficiency,
NCF4
/p40
phox
deficiency is a mild and atypical form of CGD without invasive bacterial or fungal infections. It can be diagnosed using serum-opsonized
E.coli
as a stimulus in dihydrorhodamine (DHR) assay. Patients with
CYBC1
/Eros deficiency, a new and rare form of CGD, present as loss of respiratory burst and gp91
phox
expression in phagocytes. Neutrophils from patients with CGD are deficient in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), autophagy, and apoptosis. The hyper-activation of NF-ĸB and inflammasome in CGD phagocytes also lead to long-lasting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory manifestations, such as granuloma formation and inflammatory bowel disease-like colitis. Patients with CGD and X-linked female carriers also have a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases. The implementation of antimicrobial, anti-fungal, and interferon-γ prophylaxis has greatly improved overall survival. Residual NADPH oxidase activity is significantly associated with disease severity and the chance of survival of the patient. New therapeutic approaches using immunomodulators for CGD-related inflammatory manifestations are under investigation, including pioglitazone, tamoxifen, and rapamycin. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the curative treatment. Outcomes of HSCT have improved substantially over the last decade with overall survival more than 84–90%, but there are debates about designing optimal conditioning protocols using myeloablative or reduced-intensity regimens. The gene therapy for X-linked CGD using hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced ex vivo by lentiviral vector encoding the human gp91phox gene demonstrated persistence of adequate oxidase-positive neutrophils in a small number of patients. Gene therapy using genome-editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases is a promising approach for patients with CGD in the future.
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•An engineering strategy of combining calcination and electrospinning is shown.•Hybrid films are developed to degrade doxycycline hydrochloride under sunlight.•Nanoparticles are ...coated on the polymeric fibers using tri-axial electrospinning.•Heterogeneous β-FeOOH/TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized via calcination.•Conditions affecting the β-FeOOH particles’ crystallization degree is studied.
The pollution of water caused by antibiotics cannot be underestimated. A series of functional nanoparticles and nanofibrous membranes was prepared using oil bath heating method, calcination method, and modified tri–axial electrospinning technology. Various characterizations were used to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of functional nanoparticles and nanofibrous membranes. Doxycycline (DC) was chosen as the model pollutant. Functional nanofibrous membrane loaded with β-FeOOH/TiO2 (1/1, w/w) had the best effect on the degradation of DC under natural sunlight, the optimum pH value of degradation was 6, the equilibrium time was 5 h, and the best concentration of H2O2 was 9 mmol/l. Under the optimal pH condition, the highest natural light degradation efficiency of the functional nanofibrous membrane loaded with β-FeOOH/TiO2 (1/1, w/w) to DC was 90.14% within 5 h. The photodegradation process conformed to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood apparent pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Overall, the matched relative energy band potential and good electron-hole conductivity of the two semiconductor materials (β-FeOOH and TiO2) are the key to the enhancement of the DC degradation ability.
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