This paper studies the relationship between net primary productivity （NPP） and annual average air temperature （GT） at 0cm above ground in permafrost regions by using revised Chikugo NPP model,cubic ...spline interpolating functions,and non-linear regression methods.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers were selected as the research areas.Results illustrate that：（1） There is significant non-linear relationship between NPP and GT in various typical years;（2） The maximum value of NPP is 6.17,5.87,7.73,and 5.41 DM·t·hm-2 ·a-1 respectively,and the corresponding GT is 7.1,10.0,21.2,and 8.9 o C respectively in 1980,1990,2000 and 2007;（3） In 1980,the sensitivity of NPP to GT is higher than in 1990,2000 and 2007.This tendency shows that the NPP presents change from fluctuation to an adaptation process over time;（4） During 1980～2007,the accumulated NPP was reduced to 8.05,and the corresponding carrying capacity of theoretical livestock reduced by 11%;（5） The shape of the demonstration region of ecological compensation system,livelihood support system,and science appraisal system in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers are an important research for increasing the adaptation capacity and balancing protection and development.
CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. ...Three treatments were set in the studied field： （A） litter-free, （B） with litter, and （C） with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0 ± 4.0, -35.9 ± 2.8, -31.6 ± 2.8 μgC/（m^2·h）, respectively, and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were -4.1, -3.1, and -2.9 kgC/hm^2, respectively. The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were 30.9 ± 3.1, 28.2 ± 3.5, 50.2±3.7 μgN/（m^2·h）, respectively, and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm^2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season （P 〈 0.05）, but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.
Self-Recalibration of PTZ Cameras Huang, Gaopan; Tian, Yuan; Wang, Yanqing ...
2010 International Conference on Machine Vision and Human-machine Interface,
2010-April
Conference Proceeding
Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras have been widely used for providing flexible view selection and a wider observation range. In order to utilize these cameras for a meaning application, it is necessary to ...calibrate cameras. However, with camera pan, tilt and zoom, the previous calibrated camera parameters often vary, which are required to be updated automatically. In this paper, we present a novel self-recalibration method of PTZ cameras under a small pitch angle. The proposed approach is based on the calibrated camera. First, the keypoints from two frames, corresponding to ones before and after the parameters are changed, are matched roughly, then the false matching pairs are removed by the displacement constraint, which is statistical displacement constraint in pan and tilt, while in zoom is principal point constraint. Second, the homography between the two frames can be estimated from the matching ones, then the camera parameters can be updated by combining previous known parameters. Furthermore, we present a evaluation method of recalibration precision. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies ...and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas.
Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the genetic structure of six populations of Ruditapes philippinarum in the coast of China. Seven enzymes revealed eleven putative loci, ...and seven of them were polymorphic, PGM^＊, MDH-1^ ＊, MDH-3^＊, LAP-1^＊, LAP-2^＊, MPI-1^＊ and MPI-2^＊. The proportions of polymorphic loci of R. philippinarum populations varied from 0.454 5 to 0.636 4. The values of observed and expected heterozygosities were from 0.039 4 to 0.154 5 and from 0.111 1 to 0.238 5, respectively. Nei＇s genetic distance varied from 0.003 3 to 0.025 3 with an average of 0.013 5. It is suggested that the genetic diversity of R. philippinarum was high.
The modeling of the object appearance is one of the key issues in the development and application of effective object tracking. This paper presents a tracking algorithm based on representing the ...appearance of the object using a sparse representation based subspace model. the sparse representation theory offers us a powerful tool to model the object by only a small fraction of the training set. The multi-part subspace appearance model (MSAM) is learned via L 1 -minimization and the Gramm-Schmidt process given enough training samples (overcomplete dictionary). Furthermore, a novel model updating strategy is designed to incrementally update the proposed subspace model and the dictionary. Finally, an observation model integrating both sparsity and the likelihood information is designed to embed the proposed modeling approach into the particle filter framework for efficient object tracking. Experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the algorithm, especially when the images are noisy or the objects exhibit large appearance changes.
Innate predator recognition confers a survival advantage to prey animals. We investigate whether giant pandas exhibit innate predator recognition. We analyzed behavioral responses of 56 naive adult ...captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), to urine from predators and non-predators and water control. Giant pandas performed more chemosensory investigation and displayed flehmen behaviors more frequently in response to predator urine compared to both non-predator urine and water control. Subjects also displayed certain defensive behaviors, as indicated by vigilance, and in certain cases, fleeing behaviors. Our results suggest that there is an innate component to predator recognition in captive giant pandas, although such recognition was only slight to moderate. These results have implications that may be applicable to the conservation and reintroduction of this endangered species.
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