In plants, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) play important roles in plant resistance to abiotic stress. In this study, ozone (O3) treatments caused the up-regulation of Malus crabapple ...structural genes McANS, McCHI, McANR and McF3H, which promoted anthocyanin and PA accumulation. We identified the WRKY transcription factor (TF) McWRKY71 by screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were highly expressed in response to O3 stress from an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Overexpressing McWRKY71 increased the resistance of ‘Orin’ apple calli to O3 stress and promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins and PAs, which facilitated reactive oxygen species scavenging to further enhance O3 tolerance. Biochemical and molecular analyses showed that McWRKY71 interacted with McMYB12 and directly bound the McANR promoter to participate in the regulation of PA biosynthesis. These findings provide new insights into the WRKY TFs mechanisms that regulate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which respond to O3 stress, in Malus crabapple.
•McWRKY71 is involved in regulating the flavonoid pathway to resist ozone stress.•McWRKY71 promotes proanthocyanidin synthesis through interact with McMYB12.•McWRKY71 binds to the promoter of McANR to participate in proanthocyanidin synthesis.•Overexpression of McWRKY71 promotes the accumulation of anthocyanin in apple calli.
National surveys in developed countries have examined the presence of C3-epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 C3-epi-25(OH)D3. However, controversy remains regarding its association with disease occurrence ...due to its high correlation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 25(OH)D3. This study aims to investigate whether %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 can serve as an indicator for this relationship with various diseases. A total of 3086 healthy participants and 4120 patients were included in this study. We investigated the association between C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 levels with gender, age, and season; compared the performance of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 across different disease conditions; and explored the correlation between %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 and various diseases. Results indicated that C3-epi-25(OH)D3 varied significantly by gender, age, and season (z/χ2 = 3.765, 10.163, and 150.975, all P < 0.01), while only season for %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 (χ2 = 233.098, P < 0.001). In contrast to the significant decrease in C3-epi-25(OH)D3, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 showed a significant increase in 8 out of 11 disease categories (z = 3.464 ~ 11.543, all Padj < 0.05). Similar opposite changes were also observed in most of the investigated 32 specific diseases. Moreover, an elevation in %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 was found to be significantly associated with 29 specific diseases both in univariate analysis (OR = 1.16 ~ 2.10, all P < 0.05) and after adjusting for gender, age, and season (OR = 1.15 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). However, after further adjustment for 25(OH)D3 levels, the association remained significant only for 15 specific diseases (OR = 1.11 ~ 1.50, all P < 0.05). Seasonal stratification analysis further supports the consistent association of %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 with disease across all or nearly all four seasons. In conclusion, %C3-epi-25(OH)D3 may better reflect the production of C3-epi-25(OH)D3 in disease conditions, thereby offering a more applicable approach to investigate its association with diseases. However, the interpretation of this relationship may be confounded by 25(OH)D3 as a potential covariate.
The global energy crisis highlights the need to transition from fossil fuels to sustainable, renewable sources of energy. Green hydrogen produced via renewable energy‐driven water electrolysis is an ...emerging alternative due to its zero emissions and high energy density. To address the high energy consumption of water electrolysis, innovative hybrid electrolyzers integrating nucleophile oxidation reactions (NOR) are under activity investigation, reducing energy demands and enabling valuable product synthesis and waste treatment, thereby enhancing the efficiency and economic viability of hydrogen production via electrocatalytic technologies. Recent advancements in layered hydroxide materials (LHMs) have markedly improved the efficiency of alkaline electrochemical conversion processes and are gaining prominence in NORs due to their expansive surface areas and tailorable characteristics through diverse engineering strategies. Further, their layered architecture is readily conducive to in‐situ characterization, using techniques like XAS, XRD, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, providing insights into their anodic NOR mechanisms. This review summarizes the latest developments in LHMs as electrocatalysts for NOR, discusses current design strategies of LHMs, and emphasizes the significance of operando characterization techniques in elucidating the reaction mechanisms of different LHMs. Finally, the future challenges and potential advancements in their scale‐up application in electrocatalytic NOR are put forward.
The innovative application of renewable energy‐driven hybrid electrolyzers facilitates hydrogen production and high‐value y‐products production. Focusing on the advancements in layered hydroxide materials (LHM), their indispensable role in alkaline electrochemical nucleophilic oxidation reactions (NOR) is reviewed. The strategic design of LHMs and the application of advanced in‐situ characterization for anodic reaction mechanisms understanding have also been thoroughly explored.
Mammary epithelial cells (MECs) affect milk production capacity during lactation and are critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Our previous studies have revealed that the expression of ...miR-152 was increased significantly in MECs of cows with high milk production. In the present study, bioinformatics analysis identified ACAA2 and HSD17B12 as the potential targets of miR-152, which were further validated by dual-luciferase repoter assay. In addition, the expressions of miR-152 was shown to be negatively correlated with levels of mRNA and protein of ACAA2, HSD17B12 genes by qPCR and western bot analysis. Furthermore, transfection with miR-152 significantly up-regulated triglyceride production, promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in MECs. Furthermore, overexpression of ACAA2 and HSD17B12 could inhibit triglyceride production, cells proliferation and induce apoptosis; but sh234-ACAA2-181/sh234-HSD17B12-474 could reverse the trend. These findings suggested that miR-152 could significantly influence triglyceride production and suppress apoptosis, possibly via the expression of target genes ACAA2 and HSD17B12.
With the advancement of technology and human movement towards evolution, intelligent control methods are becoming more important. One of the areas of progress is related to the development of new ...frameworks for electricity generation and distribution systems, and the microgrid structure with economic capabilities is one of the frameworks. Accordingly, this paper presents a new practical method for controlling the frequency of microgrids and is able to cover the following issues at the same time. 1- It considers the nonlinear model of provisional microgrid which has a hybrid structure (AC and DC) in addition to renewable energy sources. 2- Introduces a method for microgrid frequency control under different operational conditions that performs based on the brain emotional learning. 3- Ensures the operation and applicability of the control method for the provisional microgrid through implementation of FPGA for the first time 4- Confirms the robustness of the proposed method under extreme load changes. So, in the simulation scenarios, the effects of wind turbine and solar energy are considered and under the influence of various changes in load and system uncertainties, the robustness and efficiency of the proposed method are well demonstrated.
Oxidative stress is involved in a variety of diseases. Prospective studies investigating the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and the status and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) ...are scarce; previous studies have failed to establish a relationship between the serum total oxidant/antioxidant status and CRC. Therefore, we compared the total serum oxidant/antioxidant levels of CRC patients and healthy subjects, and analyzed their clinical significance in the CRC. Fasting blood samples from 132 CRC patients and 64 healthy subjects were collected. Oxidative stress parameters, including total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS), were measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. The TOS and OSI levels increased significantly (P<0.001) and the TAS level significantly decreased (P<0.001) in the CRC group compared to those in the healthy control group. Oxidative stress parameters differed significantly depending on the patient's smoking and drinking status (P<0.05). The preoperative and postoperative levels of TOS, TAS, and OSI did not differ significantly between primary sites (colon/rectum) and clinical stages (P>0.05).However, the levels of TOS, TAS, and OSI were significantly different between patients with no metastasis and those with metastases to two organs (P<0.05) Finally, the parameters are affected by smoking and drinking, and subsequent research should be conducted excluding the relevant influencing factors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Conventional antineoplastic therapies cause severe normal tissue damage and existing cytoprotectants with acute toxicities or potential tumor protection limit their clinical application. We evaluated ...the selective cytoprotection of 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride in this study, which could protect normal tissue toxicity without interfering antineoplastic therapies. By using diverse cell lines and A549 xenograft model, we discovered a synthetic aminothiol 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride selectively diminished normal cellular ferroptosis via SystemXc-/Glutathione Peroxidase 4 pathway upon antineoplastic therapies without interfering the anticancer efficacy. We revealed the malignant and non-malignant tissues presenting different energy metabolism patterns. And cisplatin induces disparate replicative stress, contributing to the distinguishable cytoprotection of 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine in normal and tumor cells. The compound pre-application could mitigate cisplatin-induced normal cellular mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) dysfunction. Pharmacologic ablation of mitochondria reversed 2,2-dimethylthiazolidine chemoprotection against cisplatin in the normal cell line. Combined, these results provide a potential therapeutic adjuvant to selectively diminish normal tissue damages retaining antineoplastic efficacy.
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Senile cataract has become the leading cause of visual impairment and even blindness in the world, but there are few reports on its relationship with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene ...polymorphisms. This study is aimed to investigate the correlation between MTHFR gene polymorphisms or its enzyme metabolites and senile cataract. From January 2019 to June 2020, 663 patients with senile cataract at the Mianyang Central Hospital were enrolled as the observation group, and 646 healthy subjects were randomly selected as the control group. MTHFR gene polymorphisms (i.e., CC, CT, or TT genotypes) and serum homocysteine (HCY), folic acid (FOL), vitamin B
(VitB
), and vitamin B
(VitB
) levels were detected. The mutation rate of MTHFR C677T and HCY levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, whereas FOL, VitB
, and VitB
were significantly lower. With an increase in the MTHFR C677T mutation, HCY showed an upward trend, whereas FOL and VitB
showed a decreasing trend in both the observation and control groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that HCY and FOL were associated with senile cataract and MTHFR mutations; VitB
was only associated with senile cataract. Compared to that with the CC genotype, CT and TT genotypes were associated with an increased senile cataract risk. Monitoring MTHFR gene polymorphisms and changes in serum HCY, FOL, and VitB
levels could provide references in predicting senile cataract.
•The strategy spectrum shows difference and directionality with succession.•Most species adopt intermediate or S strategy group.•Multiple environmental factors drive the change of ecological strategy ...spectrum.•Biotic factors are the dominant factors driving the change of ecological strategy.
We aimed to determine the environmental driving factors underpinning successional changes in a tropical lowland rain forest in Hainan. Using hectare scale plots, we evaluated woody plant community composition and collected a variety of environmental variables. We found that the ecological strategy spectrum of communities in the four succession stages differentiated along the C-S axis, but no major communities were found in the R strategy group. The spectrum of ecological strategy of different communities is significantly different with succession, among which C strategy group is on the rise, S strategy group is on the decline, and the intermediate (INT) group strategy is on the rise after the first decline. For the C strategy group, population density and canopy openness explain most of the differences. The S strategy group are explained by slope and population density, while the first two explanatory factors of intermediate strategy group differences are slope and soil total potassium content. The change of plant ecological strategy is the result of comprehensive action of biotic factors, topographic factors and soil factors, among which biotic factors play a leading role.
Candida tropicalis (C. tropicalis) is an important opportunistic pathogenic Candida species that can cause nosocomial infection. In this study, we analyzed the distribution and drug susceptibility of ...C. tropicalis and the relationship between ERG11 and UPC2 expression and resistance to azole antifungal agents.
C. tropicalis was cultured and identified by Sabouraud Agar Medium, CHROM Agar Candida and ATB tests (Bio-Mérieux, France). Total RNA was extracted from the collected strains, and the ERG11 and UPC2 mRNA expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.
In total, 2872 clinical isolates of Candida, including 319 strains of C. tropicalis, were analyzed herein; they were mainly obtained from the Departments of Respiratory Medicine and ICU. The strains were predominantly isolated from airway secretion samples, and the detection trend in four years was mainly related to the type of department and specimens. The resistance rates of C. tropicalis to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole had been increasing year by year. The mRNA expression levels of ERG11 and UPC2 in the fluconazole-resistant group were significantly higher than they were in the susceptible group. In addition, there was a significant positive linear correlation between these two genes in the fluconazole-resistant group.
Overexpression of the ERG11 and UPC2 genes in C. tropicalis could increase resistance to azole antifungal drugs. The routine testing for ERG11 and UPC2 in high-risk patients in key departments would provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of azole antifungal drugs.
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