Electrocatalysis is at the heart of many significant chemical transformation processes and advanced clean energy technologies. Traditional noble/transition metal oxides are widely used as ...electrocatalysts; however, they often suffer from intrinsic disadvantages, including low atom utilization, small surface area, and unfavorable tunability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new family of catalytic materials, are attracting extensive attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. The tremendous pristine MOF‐based materials are created using various synthetic approaches and further used for important energy conversions. Herein, a systematic overview on the unique merits and the state‐of‐the‐art design of MOF‐based electrocatalysts is offered. This review also presents recent advances in the development of various pristine MOFs and MOF‐based host–guest composite catalysts for electrocatalysis (i.e., oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen oxidation reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction) and discusses the future challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new family of catalytic materials, holding great promise in many energy‐conversion processes due to their unique physicochemical properties. This review systematically outlines the distinctive superiorities and state‐of‐the‐art development of MOF‐based catalysts. A critical summary is provided on their recent advances in electrocatalysis. Future key challenges and opportunities are suggested.
Abstracts Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that lacks a specific treatment. In IPF, macrophages play a key regulatory role as a major component of the lung ...immune system, especially during inflammation and fibrosis. However, our understanding of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular characterization of macrophages in IPF, as well as their relevance in the clinical setting, is relatively limited. In this study, we analyzed in-depth single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from lung tissues of IPF patients, identified macrophage subpopulations in IPF, and probed their molecular characteristics and biological functions. hdWGCNA identified co-expressed gene modules of a subpopulation of IPF-associated macrophages (IPF-MΦ), and probed the IPF-MΦ by a machine-learning approach. hdWGCNA identified a subpopulation of IPF-associated macrophage subpopulations and probed the IPF-MΦ signature gene (IRMG) for its prognostic value, and a prediction model was developed on this basis. In addition, IPF-MΦ was obtained after recluster analysis of macrophages in IPF lung tissues. Coexpressed gene modules of IPF-MΦ were identified by hdWGCNA. Then, a machine learning approach was utilized to reveal the characteristic genes of IPF-MΦ, and a prediction model was built on this basis. In addition, we discovered a type of macrophage unique to IPF lung tissue named ATP5-MΦ. Its characteristic gene encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex, which is closely related to oxidative phosphorylation and proton transmembrane transport, suggesting that ATP5-MΦ may have higher ATP synthesis capacity in IPF lung tissue. This study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IPF and provides a basis for evaluating disease prognosis and predictive medicine in IPF patients. Graphical Abstract
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Long-term chronic stress is an important factor in the poor prognosis of cancer patients. Chronic stress reduces the tissue infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by ...continuously activating the adrenergic signaling, inhibits antitumor immune response and tumor cell apoptosis while also inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor angiogenesis, promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. This review first summarizes how adrenergic signaling activates intracellular signaling by binding different adrenergic receptor (AR) heterodimers. Then, we focused on reviewing adrenergic signaling to regulate multiple functions of immune cells, including cell differentiation, migration, and cytokine secretion. In addition, the article discusses the mechanisms by which adrenergic signaling exerts pro-tumorigenic effects by acting directly on the tumor itself. It also highlights the use of adrenergic receptor modulators in cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on their potential role in immunotherapy. Finally, the article reviews the beneficial effects of stress intervention measures on cancer treatment. We think that enhancing the body's antitumor response by adjusting adrenergic signaling can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment.
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•Stress regulates the immune system through adrenergic signaling.•Adrenaline signaling promotes tumor survival, growth, and metastasis.•Restoring the body's anti-tumor response can be achieved by regulating adrenergic signaling.•α, β-adrenergic receptor modulators can be used in cancer treatment to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end‑stage renal disease. Although Ginkgo biloba extract has a protective effect on DN, the protective effect and mechanism of its active ingredient ...Ginkgolide B (GB) on DN remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GB improves DN via alleviating oxidative stress and ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 ubiquitination in PA-G-induced mouse podocytes and DN mice. The study in vitro showed that GB effectively reduced serum total cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations and lipid accumulation in PA-G-induced MPC5 cells. In addition, GB promoted the expression of ferroptosis markers GPX4 and FTH1, while inhibited the expression of TfR1, fibrosis markers α-SMA and Collagen α1, as well as intracellular iron content and ROS levels. Interference of GPX4 expression with siRNA counteracted the effect of GB. And GB inhibited GPX4 ubiquitination in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo the experimental results showed that GB effectively reduced hyperglycemia, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, reduced urinary albumin excretion and the number of renal lipid droplets, and improved changes in renal structure in DN mice. GB inhibited the expression of ferroptosis marker TfR1 and fibrosis markers α-SMA and Collagen α1, while promoted the expression of ferroptosis markers GPX4 and FTH1. In conclusion, the results suggested that GB may improve DN via protecting the kidney from ferroptosis and oxidative stress damage by inhibiting the ubiquitination of GPX4. These findings suggested that GB, a natural medicine, may be an effective therapeutic option for DN.
The intermittence and uncertainty of wind power pose challenges to large-scale wind power grid integration. The study of wind power uncertainty is becoming increasingly important for power system ...planning and operation. This paper proposes a wind power probabilistic interval prediction model, and a novel reliability assessment approach is presented for electrical power systems. First, the unknown parameters estimation of the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) prediction model is based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based Bayesian estimation method to improve the quality of statistical inference. Then, a quantum genetic algorithm is used to segment the power to determine the best output for each power segment weight and calculate the probabilistic prediction interval of wind power. Finally, reliability assessment by the sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented combining with the probabilistic prediction interval of wind power on IEEE-RTS79 reliability test system. The simulation results that proposed variation range of reliability assessment indices consider the uncertain scenario of wind power and has guiding significance for power generation scheduling. Compared with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm, it is proved that the proposed prediction interval model has better prediction interval coverage probability index and interval average bandwidth index.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) leads to low high albuminuria and gradually progresses to very high albuminuria with kidney insufficiency. However, about 20-40% of DKD is normoalbuminuric DKD (NADKD), ...which has impaired kidney function but normal urine albumin. This study is to investigate the urine metabolomic profiles of patients with NADKD and albuminuria DKD (ADKD).
In total, 95 patients were divided into a simple diabetes mellitus group (SDM group), an ADKD group, and a NADKD group. All subjects were analyzed for urine metabolites using non-targeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry.
The urine metabolomic profiles of the SDM group, NADKD group, and ADKD group were significantly different, and 65 different metabolites were identified among the three groups. Metabolic pathway analysis of these differential metabolites found that the top three significantly changed metabolic pathways were linoleic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, and, arginine and proline metabolism. There are 12 metabolites enriched in these three metabolic pathways. In detail, compared with those in the SDM group, the levels of γ-linolenic acid in the ADKD group were increased significantly, while the levels of succinic acid,
-aconitic acid, citric acid, L-proline, L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate,
-methylhydantoin,
-carbamoylputrescine, spermidine, and 5-aminopentanoic acid were reduced significantly; compared with those in the NADKD group, the levels of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and L-malic acid in the ADKD group were increased significantly (
< 0.05), while the levels of L-proline, L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate,
-carbamoylputrescine, and spermidine were significantly reduced (
< 0.05). However, there were no significant difference between the SDM group and NADKD group (
> 0.05).
The urine metabolomic profiles between the NADKD group and the ADKD group are significantly different. Specifically, these two groups have distinct levels of linoleic acid, γ-linolenic acid, L-malic acid, L-proline, L-erythro-4-hydroxyglutamate,
-carbamoylputrescine, and spermidine.
Several transition metal oxides and hydroxides have been reported as active electrocatalysts towards the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), an important biomass-derived compound for ...downstream sustainable chemical and transport fuel production. However, few studies have investigated the activity descriptors influencing the reactivity and selectivity of these materials towards HMF electrooxidation (HMFOR). Herein, Co, Ni and Cu-based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) electrocatalysts were systematically investigated to identify the intrinsic electronic contributions of these redox species towards HMF electrooxidation activity. Cu-phase PBAs exhibited the highest faradaic efficiency of 97.4%, followed by Co-phase (90.5%) and Ni-phase (82.6%) PBAs towards generating 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) at 1.42 V
vs.
RHE in 1.0 M KOH. This activity trend is found to be influenced by the amount of nucleophilic OH* species expressed on the electrocatalyst's surface. A higher expression of these surface species results in a lower activation energy barrier for the rate limiting step, leading to increased selectivity towards FDCA. Analysis of the bulk electronic properties shows that a strong M-O bond covalency and high d-orbital occupancy contribute to this high expression of electrophilic sites. These findings establish a basis for rationalising the origins of FDCA selectivity in HMFOR catalysts, which importantly eschews using catalysts with high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity as a prerequisite for high HMFOR performance.
Relationship between d-metal active species (Co, Ni, & Cu) in Prussian blue analogue derived metal oxide/hydroxide films and the activation energy needed for full conversion of 5-HMF to 2,5-FDCA in alkaline solution.
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•Ginkgolide B mediates blood glucose, lipid metabolism and inflammation.•Ginkgolide B maintains the integrity of intestinal barrier.•Ginkgolide B regulates intestinal flora to improve ...atherosclerosis.•Ginkgolide B is a potential therapeutic drug of atherosclerosis.
Intestinal flora plays a major role in cardiovascular diseases, like atherosclerosis (AS). Ginkgolide B (GB), a natural substance extracted from Ginkgo biloba L., is recently acknowledged as a potential therapeutic drug of AS. However, the underlying mechanism of GB is not fully clear. Thus, we evaluated whether the antiatherosclerotic effect of GB was related to alterations in gut microbial structure and if so, whether specific bacterial taxa contributed to the beneficial effects of GB. We constructed a high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE−/− mice model to explore the antiatherosclerotic effects of GB. The effects of GB on lipid metabolism, hypoglycemia, inflammation and gut barrier integrity were also investigated. Then HFD inventories and high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were used to characterize how GB modulated gut microbiome composition. We found that HFD-induced dyslipidemia, inflammation, increased atherosclerotic plaque and gut barrier dysfunction were reduced by GB treatment. Moreover, GB treatment obviously inhibited the mRNA level and protein expression of FMO3, and then decreased the concentrations of TMA and TMAO, which was related to changes of gut microbiota in HFD-fed mice. Modulation of gut microbiota, specifically the increased abundance of Bacteroides and decreased abundance of Helicobacter, might contribute to the antiatherosclerotic effects of GB. Our findings first support the therapeutic value of GB on gut microbiota manipulation in treating AS, which still need to further study.
Islet transplantation may be the most efficient therapeutic technique for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the clinical application of this method is faced with numerous ...limitations, including isolated islet apoptosis, recipient rejection, and graft vascular reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic properties. Here, we review recent studies on co-culture and co-transplantation of islets with MSCs. We have summarized the methods of preparation of co-transplantation, especially the merits of co-culture, and the effects of co-transplantation. Accumulating experimental evidence shows that co-culture of islets with MSCs promotes islet survival, enhances islet secretory function, and prevascularizes islets through various pretransplant preparations. This review is expected to provide a reference for exploring the use of MSCs for clinical islet co-transplantation.
The practical applications of chaotic systems are gaining more dimensions every day. In this paper, a new 3D chaotic system is presented with three nonlinear terms and unique strong chaotic behavior. ...For the initial evaluation of the behavior of the innovative chaotic system, analyses related to equilibrium points, sensitivity, stability, Lyapunov exponent, and bifurcation have been carried out, and its strong attractor manner has been well shown. The practical realization of the designed system is shown by its circuit implementation through the use of electronic elements and Kirchhoff’s laws. To show the performance of the innovative system in practical applications, first a synchronization technique inspired by non-linear and active approaches has been designed, and then by using the innovative chaotic system in the masking technique, a new information encryption method has been derived. The results obtained from the masking based on the innovative chaotic system and the designed synchronization technique show the high functionality of the derivative encryption method.
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