9Cr-ODS steel claddings consisting of tempered martensitic matrix, showed prominent creep rupture strength at 1000 °C, which surpassed that of heat-resistant austenitic steels although creep rupture ...strength of tempered martensitic steels is generally lower than that of austenitic steels at high temperatures. The measured creep rupture strength of 9Cr-ODS steel claddings at 1000 °C was higher than that from extrapolated creep rupture trend curves formulated using data at temperatures from 650 to 850 °C. This superior strength seemed to be owing to transformation of the matrix from the α-phase to the γ-phase. The transient burst strengths for 9Cr-ODS steel were much higher than those for 11Cr-ferritic/martensitic steel (PNC-FMS). Cumulative damage fraction analyses suggested that the life fraction rule can be used for the rupture life prediction of 9Cr-ODS steel and PNC-FMS claddings in the transient and accidental events with a certain accuracy.
A magnetospheric configuration gives rise to various peculiar plasma phenomena that pose conundrums to astrophysical studies; at the same time, innovative technologies may draw on the rich physics of ...magnetospheric plasmas. We have created a "laboratory magnetosphere" with a levitating superconducting ring magnet. Here we show that charged particles (electrons) self-organize a stable vortex, in which particles diffuse inward to steepen the density gradient. The rotating electron cloud is sustained for more than 300 s. Because of its simple geometry and self-organization, this system will have wide applications in confining single- and multispecies charged particles.
OBJECTIVE:We assessed whether Unattended automated office blood pressure (UAOBP) was equal to Home blood pressure (HBP) and extended to explore the difference in the correlation between each blood ...pressure (BP) measure and pulse wave velocity (PWV).(Figure is included in full-text article.)
DESIGN AND METHOD:Study patients were 70 essential hypertensives (mean age 67.0 ± 9.4; male 48.6%; antihypertensive medication use 87.8%). Medical staff measured Attended automated office BP (AAOBP), and 5 minutes later since medical staff left the room, UAOBP was measured. AAOBP, UAOBP, and HBP were recorded as the average of triplicate measurements taken at 30-s intervals. HBP was measured 5 consecutive days in the morning and evening. In this study, we used each systolic BP values. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured to evaluate subclinical organ damage.
RESULTS:Average of each systolic BP values were AAOBP 127.6 ± 14.5 mmHg; UAOBP 122.5 ± 13.7 mmHg; Average of morning and evening HBP 129.3 ± 11.7 mmHg; Morning HBP 133.1 ± 12.8 mmHg, Evening HBP 125.6 ± 13.6 mmHg. Average of morning and evening HBP and Morning HBP were significantly higher compared with UAOBP (all P < 0.001). AAOBP (r = 0.246, P = 0.040), Average of morning and evening HBP (r = 0.323, P = 0.006), Morning HBP (r = 0.372, P = 0.002), and Evening HBP (r = 0.204, P = 0.091) were associated with baPWV, whereas UAOBP (r = 0.151, P = 0.211) was not. Among these BP values, only Morning HBP was significantly correlated with baPWV after adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, current smoking, habitual drinking, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (β = 6.001, P = 0.020).
CONCLUSIONS:In Japanese hypertensive patients, UAOBP was significantly lower compared with Average of morning and evening HBP and Morning HBP. Morning HBP was associated with subclinical organ damage after adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk, whereas this association was not found in UAOBP. To evaluate clinical utility of UAOBP in Japanese, follow-up survey is needed.
Background and Objective
Occlusal trauma is an important factor that influences the progression of periodontitis, but it is unclear whether occlusal trauma influences periodontal destruction at the ...onset of periodontitis. We established an experimental periodontitis model with both site‐specific loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of occlusal trauma on periodontal destruction, particularly loss of attachment, at the onset of experimental periodontitis.
Material and Methods
Sixty rats were used in the present study. Forty‐eight rats immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally were divided into four groups. In the trauma (T) group, occlusal trauma was induced by placing an excessively high metal wire in the occlusal surface of the mandibular right first molar. In the inflammation (I) group, periodontal inflammation was induced by topical application of LPS into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary right first molars. In the trauma + inflammation (T+I) group, both trauma and periodontal inflammation were simultaneously induced. The PBS group was administered phosphate‐buffered saline only. Another 12 nonimmunized rats (the n−(T+I) group) were treated as described for the T+I group. All rats were killed after 5 or 10 d, and their maxillary first molars with surrounding tissues were observed histopathologically. Loss of attachment and osteoclasts on the alveolar bone crest were investigated histopathologically. To detect immune complexes, immunohistological staining for C1qB was performed. Collagen fibers were also observed using the picrosirius red‐polarization method.
Results
There were significant increases in loss of attachment and in the number of osteoclasts in the T+I group compared with the other groups. Moreover, widespread distribution of immune complexes was observed in the T + I group, and collagen fibers oriented from the root surface to the alveolar bone crest had partially disappeared in the T, T+I and n−(T+I) groups.
Conclusion
When inflammation was combined with occlusal trauma, immune complexes were confirmed in more expanding areas than in the area of the I group without occlusal trauma, and loss of attachment at the onset of experimental periodontitis was increased. Damage of collagen fibers by occlusal trauma may elevate the permeability of the antigen through the tissue and result in expansion of the area of immune‐complex formation and accelerating inflammatory reaction. The periodontal tissue destruction was thus greater in the T+I group than in the I group.
This study reports the recent progress in improved plasma parameters of the RT-1 device. Increased input power and the optimized polarization of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) with an ...8.2 GHz klystron produce a significant increase in electron beta, which is evaluated by an equilibrium analysis of the Grad-Shafranov equation. The peak value of the local electron beta βe is found to exceed 1. In the high-beta and high-density regime, the density limit is observed for H, D and He plasmas. The line-averaged density is close to the cutoff density for 8.2 GHz ECRH. When the filling gas pressure is increased, the density limit still exists even in the low-beta region. This result indicates that the density limit is caused by the cutoff density rather than the beta limit. From the analysis of interferometer data, we found that inward diffusion causes a peaked density profile beyond the cutoff density.
Ultra-high temperature ring tensile tests were performed to investigate the tensile behavior of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel claddings and wrapper materials under severe accident ...conditions with temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1400 °C which is close to the melting point of core materials. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength of 9Cr-ODS steel claddings was highest in the core materials at ultra-high temperatures of 900–1200 °C, but there was significant degradation in the tensile strength of 9Cr-ODS steel claddings above 1200 °C. This degradation was attributed to grain boundary sliding deformation with γ/δ transformation, which is associated with reduced ductility. By contrast, the tensile strength of recrystallized 12Cr-ODS and FeCrAl-ODS steel claddings retained its high value above 1200 °C, unlike the other tested materials.
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