Most existing studies have focused on the innovation capabilities of organisations within interfirm networks while neglecting to consider the impact of the choice of innovation evolution mechanisms ...and the degree of internal interaction control on this system. This study addresses this research gap based on the NK model framework to investigate how different innovation evolution mechanisms and the degree of internal interaction control affect interfirm network performance. In addition, we investigate the moderating role played by the frequency of technological change between the innovation evolution mechanism and the degree of internal interaction control of the interfirm network. The results show that to achieve higher performance levels, the interfirm network should be assigned a self-organisational model in the early stage of innovation evolution, while in the later stage of innovation evolution, it should undergo organisational changes and be assigned a federated alliance model to establish an alliance coordination committee with a certain degree of interactive control over the supporting firms. When the frequency of technological change is low, the alliance coordinating committee takes relatively strong control over the supporting firms as the best, and when the frequency is high, the degree of control over the supporting firms should be appropriately weakened.
To address the increasingly serious global environmental issues and achieve sustainable socioeconomic development, the rapid and widespread diffusion and adoption of green technology innovation ...throughout interfirm networks is necessary. Previous studies have shown that diffusion strategies targeting key players can increase the adoption and diffusion of innovations. However, these studies have not taken into account the impact of firms' perceptions of the internal drive and external pressure of diffusion strategies targeting key players. Therefore, in this paper we develop a multiagent computing experimental model that, by adjusting a variety of parameters in the model, analyses the impact of firms' differing perceptions of internal drive and external pressure on diffusion strategies targeting key players in various scenarios. The results show that a firm's perception of internal drive and external pressure affect the performance of the diffusion strategies targeting key players in specific networks. In cases featuring high barriers to adoption, targeting adopter neighbours is the better communication strategy, regardless of whether the firm's perception is "low internal drive, high external pressure" or "high internal drive, low external pressure". In cases featuring low barriers to adoption, targeting firms with high horizontal influence spreads the adoption of green technology innovations more rapidly when the firm's perception is "high internal drive, low external pressure". This provides a theoretical basis for some policy makers and companies committed to green development to facilitate the accelerated adoption and diffusion of green technology innovations to generate positive social value.
Elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels are associated with insulin resistance and can cause lipotoxicity in skeletal muscles. In response to FFAs, skeletal muscle can secrete a variety of ...cytokines. Irisin, one such muscle-secreted cytokine, can improve glucose tolerance, glucose uptake, and lipid metabolism. It is produced by the transmembrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain containing 5 (FNDC5) by specific proteases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the FNDC5 response to palmitate and their relationships with insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. RNA sequencing analysis results from C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate showed that palmitate could activate the TGF-β signaling pathway. Palmitate directly affected the expression of Smad3, but not its phosphorylation level, in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, knockdown and knockout of Smad3 alleviated the inhibitory effect of palmitate on the expression of FNDC5. In contrast, overexpression of Smad3 aggravated the inhibition of FNDC5 expression. There is a Smad3 binding motif in the −660 bp to −649 bp region of the Fndc5 promoter. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of this region also alleviated the inhibition of FNDC5 expression in response to palmitate. More importantly, inhibition of FNDC5 expression mediated by Smad3 led to a decrease in insulin sensitivity in C2C12 myotubes. Collectively, these findings suggest that palmitate could induce insulin resistance through Smad3-mediated down-regulation of the Fndc5 gene.
•Palmitate had an inhibitory effect on the expression of Fndc5.•Smad3 had a certain enrichment in the −756 to −634 bp region of the Fndc5 promoter.•Palmitate might attenuate the insulin signaling pathway via Smad3-mediated down-regulation of Fndc5.
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•The Hacipushanbei deposit represents a Triassic mineralization event in the EKO.•Fluid and geochemical data indicate a magmatic affiliation for the ore formation.•Fluid immiscibility ...occurred to promote precipitation of polymetallic sulfides.
A recent mineral exploration programme in the East Kunlun Orogen (EKO) identified the new Hacipushanbei Pb-polymetallic deposit. The ores are hosted in faults in granitic rocks and are marked by high Pb grades up to 22.5 %. U–Pb dating of calcites associated with mineralization yields an intersection age of 208 ± 9 Ma, indicating a late Triassic mineralization event. Fluid-inclusion analysis reveals that the ore-forming fluids are characterized by medium-to-high temperature, medium-to-low salinity, and low density. Fluid boiling or immiscibility during ore-formation is also noted. Three sub-generations of pyrite (Py1-1, Py1-2, and Py2) are recognized in the early mineralization stages. In situ trace element analysis shows low Co and Ni contents in Py1-1 and Py1-2 but high contents in Py2. Conversely, Au and As concentrations are the highest in Py1-2. Variations in As contents are systematically coupled with Au. Additionally, sphalerite in the second stage contains higher amounts of Co, Cu, Cd, and In, via a wide range of isomorphic elemental substitutions of X4+(Sn4+ and Ge4+) + X3+(In3+, Sb3+, and Ga3+) + X+(Ag+ and Cu+) ↔ 4Zn2+ and the associated In enrichment. The average δ34S values of in situ and single minerals of Py1-1, Py1-2, Py2, Sp2, Ccp2, and Gn3 are 2.3 ‰, 3.3 ‰, 2.6 ‰, 2.4 ‰, 2.2 ‰, and 0.9 ‰, respectively. These values display a trend of initial increase and then decrease, consistent with thermodynamic fractionation. These data collectively indicate that the ore-forming fluid originated from a deep-seated magma chamber, and subsequent fluid immiscibility led to the formation of high-grade ores. Given the conspicuous association of Pb-polymetallic deposits with magmatic rocks in the EKO, we envisage that our genetic model can be applied, to some extent, to evaluate the potential of some mineral exploration targets.
The effects of deoxynivalenol (DON, 50 µg/mL) on the zebrafish liver and intestine were studied. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from mRNA and lncRNA were analyzed by RNA seq. Gene Ontology ...(GO) and signaling pathways were studied where the top 30 DEGs of each type of RNA were involved. The results showed there were 2325 up-regulated and 934 down-regulated DEGs of lncRNA in the intestinal tract, and 95 up-regulated genes and 211 down-regulated genes in the liver, respectively. GO functional annotation analysis showed that lncRNA was enriched in the biological processes, involving the RNA splicing, CSF1-CSF1R complexes, and MAP kinase activity. DEGs of lncRNA located in the KEGG signal pathways include the C-type lectin receptor signaling and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. Metabolism involves the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids, cancer pathways for human disease, MAPK and Rap1signaling pathways for environmental information processing, necroptosis and focal adhesion for cell processes. The mRNA gene expression analysis showed there were 1939 up-regulated, 1172 down-regulated genes and 866 up-regulated, 1211 down-regulated genes in the intestine and liver of zebrafish, respectively. This study provides transcriptome analysis and toxicological investigation of DON in the zebrafish liver and intestine, offering insights into gene expression patterns and potential detoxification pathways.
In this paper, we demonstrate the continuous-wave and acousto-optical Q-switched performance of diode-pumped slab Ho:(Sc
Y
)
SiO
(Ho:SYSO) laser at 2.1 µm for the first time. Two 1.91-µm laser diodes ...were used to pump the Ho:SYSO crystal. With a wing-pumping structure, at absorbed pump power of 44.7 W, the continuous wave slab Ho:SYSO laser produced 20.7 W maximum output power at 2097.9 nm, resulting in a slope efficiency of 53.1% with respect to the absorbed pump power. In the Q-switched regime, the slab Ho:SYSO laser produced up to 3.4 mJ pulse energy with 20 ns minimum pulse width at pulse repetition frequency of 5 kHz, corresponding to a peak power of 170 kW.
This study aims to elucidate the transcriptomic signatures and dysregulated pathways in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), with a particular focus on those persisting during disease ...remission.
We conducted bulk RNA-sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a well-defined cohort comprising 26 remission patients meeting the Low Lupus Disease Activity State (LLDAS) criteria, 76 patients experiencing disease flares, and 15 healthy controls. To elucidate immune signature changes associated with varying disease states, we performed extensive analyses, including the identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways, as well as the construction of protein-protein interaction networks.
Several transcriptomic features recovered during remission compared to the active disease state, including down-regulation of plasma and cell cycle signatures, as well as up-regulation of lymphocytes. However, specific innate immune response signatures, such as the interferon (IFN) signature, and gene modules involved in chromatin structure modification, persisted across different disease states. Drug repurposing analysis revealed certain drug classes that can target these persistent signatures, potentially preventing disease relapse.
Our comprehensive transcriptomic study revealed gene expression signatures for SLE in both active and remission states. The discovery of gene expression modules persisting in the remission stage may shed light on the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability to relapse in these patients, providing valuable insights for their treatment.
Xingnaojing (XNJ) injection, an extract derived from traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to treat ischemic stroke (IS). Previous studies have shown that XNJ has the ability to alleviate ...apoptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have not been clarified.
To identify the neuroprotective effect of XNJ and explore whether XNJ inhibits cell apoptosis associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) after IS.
In this study, cultured hippocampal neurons from mouse embryos and Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four groups: sham, model, XNJ, and edaravone. The treatment groups were administered 2 h after modelling. Neurological deficit scores and motor performance tests were performed after 24 h of modelling. Additionally, pathomorphology, cell apoptosis and calcium content were evaluated. To ascertain the expression of ERS proteins, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction were employed.
The results indicated that XNJ treatment resulted in a notable decrease in infarct volume, apoptosis and missteps compared with the model group. XNJ also exhibited improvements in neurological function, grip strength and motor time. The calcium content significantly reduced in XNJ group. The XNJ administration resulted in a reduction in the levels of proteins associated with ERS including CHOP, GRP78, Bax, caspase-12, caspase-9, and cleaved-caspase-3, but an increase of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, the downregulation of mRNA expression of CHOP, GRP78, caspase-12, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was confirmed in both cultured neurons and rat model.
These findings suggest that XNJ may alleviate apoptosis by modulating the ERS-induced apoptosis pathway, making it a potential novel therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke.
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a syndrome characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Currently, microvascular decompression (MVD) is an ...effective treatment for HFS. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a non-invasive advanced magnetic resonance technique that allows us to reconstruct white matter (WM) virtually based on water diffusion direction. This enables us to model the human brain as a complex network using graph theory. In our study, we recruited 32 patients with HFS and 32 healthy controls to analyze and compare the topological organization of whole-brain white matter networks between the groups. We also explored the potential relationships between altered topological properties and clinical outcomes. Compared to the HC group, the white matter network was disrupted in both preoperative and postoperative groups of HFS patients, mainly located in the somatomotor network, limbic network, and default network (All
P
< 0.05, FDR corrected). There was no significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative groups (
P
> 0.05, FDR corrected). There was a correlation between the altered topological properties and clinical outcomes in the postoperative group of patients (All
P
< 0.05, FDR corrected). Our findings indicate that in HFS, the white matter structural network was disrupted before and after MVD, and that these alterations in the postoperative group were correlated with the clinical outcomes. White matter alteration here described may subserve as potential biomarkers for HFS and may help us identify patients with HFS who can benefit from MVD and thus can help us make a proper surgical patient selection.
Abstract
The whistler-mode wave extending from the fast-magnetosonic wave branch is a fundamental perturbation of electromagnetic fields and plasmas in various environments including planetary space, ...laboratory, and astrophysics. The origin and evolution of the waves is a long-standing question due to the limited instrumental capability in resolving highly variable plasma and electromagnetic fields. Here, we analyze observational data with a high time resolution from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in front of the terrestrial bow shock (e.g., foreshock). We develop a novel approach to extract the three-dimensional fluctuating electron velocity distributions (
δf
e
(
V
)) from their background (
f
e0
(
V
)), and have successfully captured the coherent resonance between fluctuating electrons (
δf
e
(
V
)) and wavelike electromagnetic fields (
δ
B
,
δ
E
) at an unprecedentedly high frequency (>1 Hz) for investigating wave–particle interactions. We provide that the unstable whistler wave grows rapidly over a timescale that is much shorter than the proton gyro-period. Regarding the energy origin for the waves, we find the ion distributions consisting of the solar wind ion flows and the ion beams reflected from the shock play crucial roles in providing the free energy and determining the eigenmode disturbances of fields and electrons. The quantification of wave growth rate and the characterization of wave–particle interactions for the instability driver can significantly advance the understandings of wave evolution and energy conversion between multisource multispecies particles and wave electromagnetic fields.
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