Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior（sitting or lying with low energy expenditure） are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact ...of sedentary behavior（and patterns of sedentary time accumulation） on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.
An international group of experts convened to provide guidance for employers to promote the avoidance of prolonged periods of sedentary work. The set of recommendations was developed from the ...totality of the current evidence, including long-term epidemiological studies and interventional studies of getting workers to stand and/or move more frequently. The evidence was ranked in quality using the four levels of the American College of Sports Medicine. The derived guidance is as follows: for those occupations which are predominantly desk based, workers should aim to initially progress towards accumulating 2 h/day of standing and light activity (light walking) during working hours, eventually progressing to a total accumulation of 4 h/day (prorated to part-time hours). To achieve this, seated-based work should be regularly broken up with standing-based work, the use of sit-stand desks, or the taking of short active standing breaks. Along with other health promotion goals (improved nutrition, reducing alcohol, smoking and stress), companies should also promote among their staff that prolonged sitting, aggregated from work and in leisure time, may significantly and independently increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and premature mortality. It is appreciated that these recommendations should be interpreted in relation to the evidence from which they were derived, largely observational and retrospective studies, or short-term interventional studies showing acute cardiometabolic changes. While longer term intervention studies are required, the level of consistent evidence accumulated to date, and the public health context of rising chronic diseases, suggest initial guidelines are justified. We hope these guidelines stimulate future research, and that greater precision will be possible within future iterations.
Recent updates to physical activity guidelines highlight the importance of reducing sedentary time. However, at present, only general recommendations are possible (ie, "Sit less, move more"). There ...remains a need to investigate the strength, temporality, specificity, and dose-response nature of sedentary behavior associations with chronic disease, along with potential underlying mechanisms.
Stemming from a recent research workshop organized by the Sedentary Behavior Council themed "Sedentary behaviour mechanisms-biological and behavioural pathways linking sitting to adverse health outcomes," this paper (1) discusses existing challenges and scientific discussions within this advancing area of science, (2) highlights and discusses emerging areas of interest, and (3) points to potential future directions.
A brief knowledge update is provided, reflecting upon current and evolving thinking/discussions, and the rapid accumulation of new evidence linking sedentary behavior to chronic disease. Research "action points" are made at the end of each section-spanning from measurement systems and analytic methods, genetic epidemiology, causal mediation, and experimental studies to biological and behavioral determinants and mechanisms.
A better understanding of whether and how sedentary behavior is causally related to chronic disease will allow for more meaningful conclusions in the future and assist in refining clinical and public health policies/recommendations.
The discovery of hepaciviruses in non-human hosts has accelerated following the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology. Hepaciviruses have now been described in reptiles, fish, birds, ...and an extensive array of mammals. Using metagenomic sequencing on pooled samples of field-collected Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, we discovered a divergent hepacivirus-like sequence, named Jogalong virus, from the Kimberley region in northern Western Australia. Using PCR, we screened the same 300 individual mosquitoes and found just a single positive sample (1/300, 0.33%). Phylogenetic analysis of the hepacivirus NS5B protein places Jogalong virus within the genus Hepacivirus but on a distinct and deeply rooted monophyletic branch shared with duck hepacivirus, suggesting a notably different evolutionary history. Vertebrate barcoding PCR targeting two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b, indicated that the Jogalong virus-positive mosquito had recently fed on the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides), although it is currently unknown whether this bird species contributes to the natural ecology of this virus.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Epidemiological evidence indicates that excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours (too much sitting) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight findings of ...experimental studies corroborating and extending the epidemiological evidence and showing the potential benefits for T2D of reducing and breaking up sitting time across the whole day. We also discuss future research opportunities and consider emerging implications for T2D prevention and management. This new evidence is stimulating an expansion of diabetes-related physical activity guidelines—suggesting that in addition to moderate-vigorous physical activity, reducing and regularly interrupting prolonged sitting time is likely to have important and varied benefits across the spectrum of diabetes risk.
This new edition serves both as a reference guide for the experienced professional and as a preparation source for those desiring certifications. It’s an invaluable resource and a must-have addition ...to every safety professional’s library.
Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, Third Edition , is written to serve as a useful reference tool for the experienced practicing safety professional, as well as a study guide for university students and those preparing for the Certified Safety Professional examination. It addresses major topics of the safety and health profession and includes the latest version of the Board of Certified Safety Professional (BCSP) reference sheet, a directory of resources and associations, as well as state and federal agency contact information. Additionally, this new edition offers new chapters and resources that will delight every reader.
This book aids the prospective examination candidate and the practicing safety professional, by showing them, step-by-step, how to solve each question/formula listed on the BCSP examination and provide examples on how and when to utilize them.
The Safety Profession and Preparing for the ASP/CSP Exam. Regulations. Math Review. Particulates and Gases. . Toxicology. Industrial Hygiene Air Sampling. Ventilation. Noise and OSHA’s Hearing Conservation Program. Biological Hazards. Fire Protection and Prevention. Thermal Stressors. Personal Protective Equipment. Statistics for the Safety Professional. Electrical Safety. Mechanics. Hydrostatics and Hydraulics. Training. Engineering Economics. Management Theories. Accident Causation and Investigation Techniques. Workers' Compensation. Ergonomics. Construction Safety. Risk Assessment and Management. Hazardous Materials Management. Radiation Safety. Walking and Working Surfaces. Materials Handling and Storage. Safety Management System. Site Security. Behavior-Based Safety. Measuring Health and Safety Performance. Safety Program Auditing Techniques and Checklist. Environmental Management. BCSP Code of Ethics. Appendix A: BCSP Supplied Equations. Appendix B: Conversions and Standards. Appendix C: OSHA Regional and Area Offices.
W. David Yates was born in Morton, Mississippi, and lived most of his childhood in Crystal Springs, Mississippi. He has earned a B.S. Degree in Health Care Services from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, an M.S.Degree in Hazardous Materials Management from Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, a PhD in Environmental Science from Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi and J.D. from Birmingham School of Law. Dr. Yates served ten years in the United States Navy as a Preventive Medicine Technician. Dr. Yates retired from the United States Army Reserves as an Environmental Science and Preventive Medicine Officer, having attained the rank of Colonel. In his civilian career, Dr. Yates has operated his own professional consulting firm, served as the Safety and Mission Assurance Manager for Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, the Corporate Safety Director for Bodine Services of the Midwest, Decatur, Illinois, and several Safety and Security Manager positions in mining and manufacturing. Dr. Yates currently serves as the Area Safety Manager for Carmeuse Lime & Stone, Saginaw, Alabama . He is a Certified Safety Professional (CSP) with the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. Dr. Yates is also a full time Faculty for Columbia Southern University in Environmental Management.
Dr. Yates has extensive knowledge and experience in hazardous materials management, safety programs management, indoor air quality, ventilation, noise, and industrial hygiene sampling and analysis.
This new edition serves both as a reference guide for the experienced professional and as a preparation source for those desiring certifications. It's an invaluable resource and a must-have addition ...to every safety professional's library.
Safety Professional's Reference and Study Guide, Third Edition, is written to serve as a useful reference tool for the experienced practicing safety professional, as well as a study guide for university students and those preparing for the Certified Safety Professional examination. It addresses major topics of the safety and health profession and includes the latest version of the Board of Certified Safety Professional (BCSP) reference sheet, a directory of resources and associations, as well as state and federal agency contact information. Additionally, this new edition offers new chapters and resources that will delight every reader.
This book aids the prospective examination candidate and the practicing safety professional, by showing them, step-by-step, how to solve each question/formula listed on the BCSP examination and provide examples on how and when to utilize them.
AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a multicomponent intervention (Stand More AT (SMArT) Work) designed to reduce sitting time on short (three months), medium (six months), and longer term ...(12 months) changes in occupational, daily, and prolonged sitting, standing, and physical activity, and physical, psychological, and work related health.DesignCluster two arm randomised controlled trial.SettingNational Health Service trust, England.Participants37 office clusters (146 participants) of desk based workers: 19 clusters (77 participants) were randomised to the intervention and 18 (69 participants) to control.InterventionsThe intervention group received a height adjustable workstation, a brief seminar with supporting leaflet, workstation instructions with sitting and standing targets, feedback on sitting and physical activity at three time points, posters, action planning and goal setting booklet, self monitoring and prompt tool, and coaching sessions (month 1 and every three months thereafter). The control group continued with usual practice.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was occupational sitting time (thigh worn accelerometer). Secondary outcomes were objectively measured daily sitting, prolonged sitting (≥30 minutes), and standing time, physical activity, musculoskeletal problems, self reported work related health (job performance, job satisfaction, work engagement, occupational fatigue, sickness presenteeism, and sickness absenteeism), cognitive function, and self reported psychological measures (mood and affective states, quality of life) assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation models, accounting for clustering.ResultsA significant difference between groups (in favour of the intervention group) was found in occupational sitting time at 12 months (−83.28 min/workday, 95% confidence interval −116.57 to −49.98, P=0.001). Differences between groups (in favour of the intervention group compared with control) were observed for occupational sitting time at three months (−50.62 min/workday, −78.71 to −22.54, P<0.001) and six months (−64.40 min/workday, −97.31 to −31.50, P<0.001) and daily sitting time at six months (−59.32 min/day, −88.40 to −30.25, P<0.001) and 12 months (−82.39 min/day, −114.54 to −50.26, P=0.001). Group differences (in favour of the intervention group compared with control) were found for prolonged sitting time, standing time, job performance, work engagement, occupational fatigue, sickness presenteeism, daily anxiety, and quality of life. No differences were seen for sickness absenteeism.ConclusionsSMArT Work successfully reduced sitting time over the short, medium, and longer term, and positive changes were observed in work related and psychological health.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN10967042.
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