In radiomics studies, researchers usually need to develop a supervised machine learning model to map image features onto the clinical conclusion. A classical machine learning pipeline consists of ...several steps, including normalization, feature selection, and classification. It is often tedious to find an optimal pipeline with appropriate combinations. We designed an open-source software package named FeAture Explorer (FAE). It was programmed with Python and used NumPy, pandas, and scikit-learning modules. FAE can be used to extract image features, preprocess the feature matrix, develop different models automatically, and evaluate them with common clinical statistics. FAE features a user-friendly graphical user interface that can be used by radiologists and researchers to build many different pipelines, and to compare their results visually. To prove the effectiveness of FAE, we developed a candidate model to classify the clinical-significant prostate cancer (CS PCa) and non-CS PCa using the PROSTATEx dataset. We used FAE to try out different combinations of feature selectors and classifiers, compare the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of different models on the validation dataset, and evaluate the model using independent test data. The final model with the analysis of variance as the feature selector and linear discriminate analysis as the classifier was selected and evaluated conveniently by FAE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on the training, validation, and test dataset achieved results of 0.838, 0.814, and 0.824, respectively. FAE allows researchers to build radiomics models and evaluate them using an independent testing dataset. It also provides easy model comparison and result visualization. We believe FAE can be a convenient tool for radiomics studies and other medical studies involving supervised machine learning.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As both economies and trade broadly globalize, cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) as a branch of international trade has shown great potential for development. The construction of a CBEC realizes the ...integration and utilization of resources between the CBEC trading platform as the core element and other components of the system, cross-border logistics, payment enterprises, suppliers, and demanders, and improves the overall economic benefits. A model of economic progress at the expense of the environment emerges in the radical development of companies that do not consider the environment and simply earn high incomes at the cost of consuming resources. In this context, it is of great theoretical and empirical importance to examine how to improve the production efficiency of the CBEC supply chain, improve ecological quality and realize the production mode of "low input, high output, and low pollution." In this study, we evaluate the green development of the CBEC industry and study the factors that affect its efficiency level. According to the results of influencing factors, this paper mainly uses the random forest algorithm and panel Tobit approach to investigate the affecting attributes of environmental efficiency and suggest policies to improve the green progression efficiency of the CBEC industry.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tourism has become the main force driving urban economic development. However, there are problems such as low utilization rate of tourism resources and inconsistency of tourism information. The new ...smart tourism management model can sense tourism resources, tourist information, tourism development, and other information in a timely manner through terminal devices such as the Internet. The core of smart tourism management is to obtain travel information of travelers through cloud service technology, organize travel information, and recommend personalized travel plans for travelers. Apply cloud services to smart tourism management, and use the weighted average algorithm to make regression predictions on passenger information. This paper compares and analyzes the application of cloud service based on the algorithm for calculating the weighted average and the application of ordinary cloud service in smart tourism management through experiments. The experimental results show that the cloud service by adding weights can improve the forecast of the traveler’s information by 36% and 22%, respectively, compared with the cloud service of the ordinary average algorithm. Also, the effect of tourists’ travel experience is 72.2% and 56.3%, respectively. In the forecast of tourism information in tourism resources, tourism economy, and tourism activities, cloud services by adding weights maintain stable economic growth and improve tourists’ tourism experience. The cloud service in the smart tourism management of the weighted average algorithm can formulate corresponding tourism marketing strategies through the integration and prediction of tourism information, enhance the growth of the tourism economy, and improve the tourism experience of tourists.
The global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its unexpected association with congenital defects necessitates the rapid development of a safe and effective vaccine. Here we report the development and ...characterization of a recombinant chimeric ZIKV vaccine candidate (termed ChinZIKV) that expresses the prM-E proteins of ZIKV using the licensed Japanese encephalitis live-attenuated vaccine SA14-14-2 as the genetic backbone. ChinZIKV retains its replication activity and genetic stability in vitro, while exhibiting an attenuation phenotype in multiple animal models. Remarkably, immunization of mice and rhesus macaques with a single dose of ChinZIKV elicits robust and long-lasting immune responses, and confers complete protection against ZIKV challenge. Significantly, female mice immunized with ChinZIKV are protected against placental and fetal damage upon ZIKV challenge during pregnancy. Overall, our study provides an alternative vaccine platform in response to the ZIKV emergency, and the safety, immunogenicity, and protection profiles of ChinZIKV warrant further clinical development.
A dielectric constant transition is chemically triggered and thermally switched in (HPy)2Na(H2O)Co(CN)6 (2, HPy=pyridinium cation) by single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation and structural ...phase transition, respectively. Upon dehydration, (HPy)2Na(H2O)2Co(CN)6 (1) transforms to its semi‐hydrated form 2, accompanying a transition from a low‐dielectric state to a high‐dielectric state, and vice versa. This dielectric switch is also realized by a structural phase transition in 2 that occurs between room‐ and low‐temperature phases, and which corresponds to high‐ and low‐dielectric states, respectively. The switching property is due to the variation in the environment surrounding the HPy cation, that is, the hydrogen‐bonding interactions and the crystal packing, which exert predominant influences on the dynamics of the cations that transit between the static and motional states.
A dielectric constant transition is observed in (HPy)2Na(H2O)Co(CN)6 (HPy=pyridinium cation). This transition is chemically triggered by water in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation (see picture; right) and thermally switched (left) in a structural phase transition.
Deuteration of a hydrogen bond by replacing protium (H) with deuterium (D) can cause geometric changes in the hydrogen bond, known as the geometric H/D isotope effect (GIE). Understanding the GIEs on ...global structures and bulk properties is of great importance to study structure-property relationships of hydrogen-bonded systems. Here, we report a hydrogen-bonded host-guest crystal, imidazolium hydrogen terephthalate, that exemplifies striking GIEs on its hydrogen bonds, phases, and bulk dielectric transition property. Upon deuteration, the donor-acceptor distance in the O-H···O hydrogen bonds in the host structure is found to increase, which results in a change in the global hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structure and the emergence of a new phase (i.e., isotopic polymorphism). Consequently, the dynamics of the confined guest, which depend on the internal pressure exerted by the host framework, are substantially altered, showing a downward shift of the dielectric switching temperature.
Abstract
An increasing prevalence of hospital acquired infections and foodborne illnesses caused by pathogenic and multidrug-resistant bacteria has stimulated a pressing need for benchtop ...computational techniques to rapidly and accurately classify bacteria from genomic sequence data, and based on that, to trace the source of infection. BacWGSTdb (http://bacdb.org/BacWGSTdb) is a free publicly accessible database we have developed for bacterial whole-genome sequence typing and source tracking. This database incorporates extensive resources for bacterial genome sequencing data and the corresponding metadata, combined with specialized bioinformatics tools that enable the systematic characterization of the bacterial isolates recovered from infections. Here, we present BacWGSTdb 2.0, which encompasses several major updates, including (i) the integration of the core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) approach, which is highly scalable and appropriate for typing isolates belonging to different lineages; (ii) the addition of a multiple genome analysis module that can process dozens of user uploaded sequences in a batch mode; (iii) a new source tracking module for comparing user uploaded plasmid sequences to those deposited in the public databases; (iv) the number of species encompassed in BacWGSTdb 2.0 has increased from 9 to 20, which represents bacterial pathogens of medical importance; (v) a newly designed, user-friendly interface and a set of visualization tools for providing a convenient platform for users are also included. Overall, the updated BacWGSTdb 2.0 bears great utility in continuing to provide users, including epidemiologists, clinicians and bench scientists, with a one-stop solution to bacterial genome sequence analysis.
New hindered tetraphenylethylene (TPE) helicates with substitution at 2,6‐position of phenyl rings were designed and synthesized. Due to the increased hindrance, the TPE helicates emit strong ...deep‐blue to violet fluorescence both in the solid state and in solution, and could be resolved into enantiomers that emit strong and multicolor circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and exhibit a high enantioselective recognition of chiral tartaric acid and its derivatives. Surprisingly, the derived helicate tetramines possess amino groups with an unpredented planar structure and sp2‐hybridized nitrogen, arousing the change between AIE effect and ACQ phenomenon through photoinduced electron transfer (PET). With advantages of short synthetic route, many modification positions, deep‐blue to violet emission, wide CPL tuning, and high chiral recognition ability, the hindered TPE helicates show broad prospects as chiral materials.
Hindered tetraphenylethylene (TPE) helicates, with a completely immobilized propeller‐like conformation through substitution at the 2,6‐positions of the phenyl rings, were prepared by a short synthetic route. These helicates, with their many modification positions, show deep‐blue to violet emission, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) that can be tuned over a wide range, and highly enantioselective chiral recognition.
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized the genotyping of bacterial pathogens and is expected to become the new gold standard for tracing the transmissions of bacterial infectious ...diseases for public health purposes. Traditional genomic epidemiology often uses WGS as a verification tool, namely, when a common source or epidemiological link is suspected, the collected isolates are sequenced for the determination of clonal relationships. However, increasingly frequent international travel and food transportation, and the associated potential for the cross-border transmission of bacterial pathogens, often lead to an absence of information on bacterial transmission routes. Here we introduce the concept of ‘reverse genomic epidemiology’, i.e. when isolates are inspected by genome comparisons to be sufficiently similar to one another, they are assumed to be a consequence of infection from a common source. Through BacWGSTdb (http://bacdb.org/BacWGSTdb/), a database we have developed for bacterial genome typing and source tracking, we have found that almost the entire analyzed 20 bacterial species exhibit the phenomenon of cross-border clonal dissemination. Five networks were further identified in which isolates sharing nearly identical genomes were collected from at least five different countries. Three of these have been documented as real infectious disease outbreaks, therefore demonstrating the feasibility and authority of reverse genomic epidemiology. Our survey and proposed strategy would be of potential value in establishing a global surveillance system for tracing bacterial transmissions and outbreaks; the related database and techniques require urgent standardization.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
China is in a critical stage of ambient air quality management after global attention on pollution in its cities. Industrial development and urbanization have led to alarming levels of air pollution ...with serious health hazards in densely populated cities. The quantification of cause-specific PM2.5-related health impacts and corresponding economic loss estimation is crucial for control policies on ambient PM2.5 levels. Based on ground-level direct measurements of PM2.5 concentrations in 338 Chinese cities for the year 2016, this study estimates cause-specific mortality using integrated exposure-response (IER) model, non-linear power law (NLP) model and log-linear (LL) model followed by morbidity assessment using log-linear model. The willingness to pay (WTP) and cost of illness (COI) methods have been used for PM2.5-attributed economic loss assessment. In 2016 in China, the annual PM2.5 concentration ranged between 10 and 157 μg/m3 and 78.79% of the total population was exposed to >35 μg/m3 PM2.5 concentration. Subsequently, the national PM2.5-attributable mortality was 0.964 (95% CI: 0.447, 1.355) million (LL: 1.258 million and NPL: 0.770 million), about 9.98% of total reported deaths in China. Additionally, the total respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease-specific hospital admission morbidity were 0.605 million and 0.364 million. Estimated chronic bronchitis, asthma and emergency hospital admission morbidity were 0.986, 1.0 and 0.117 million respectively. Simultaneously, the PM2.5 exposure caused the economic loss of 101.39 billion US$, which is 0.91% of the national GDP in 2016. This study, for the first time, highlights the discrepancies associated with the three commonly used methodologies applied for cause-specific mortality assessment. Mortality and morbidity results of this study would provide a measurable assessment of 338 cities to the provincial and national policymakers of China for intensifying their efforts on air quality improvement.
The spatial distributions of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) (left) and corresponding total premature mortality per 100,000 population attributable to PM2.5 (right) in 338 cities in China. Display omitted
•This study provides a comprehensive analysis of PM2.5 associated health risk in China using three most prevalent methods.•Total PM2.5-related death was 0.964 million using IER method, 1.258 million using LL and 0.770 million using NPL method.•Cities with high premature mortality were largely located in heavily polluted and densely populated regions.•Total economic loss due to PM2.5 exposure was 101.39 billion US$, about 0.91% of the total Chinese GDP.•Only 8.3% of total premature deaths could be avoided by meeting national PM2.5-target in 2030.
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