Human skin undergoes changes during aging that result from the synergistic effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may culminate in wrinkle formation, a characteristic of aged skin. Panax ...ginseng and ginsenosides have promising properties in preventing skin aging. Our previous study demonstrated that enzyme-modified ginseng extract (EG) has inhibitory effects against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced skin aging. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the preventive effects of EG on eye-wrinkle formation by applying EG cream in 23 randomized human subjects. Compared to the placebo, EG significantly reduced the global photo-damage score. In addition, total roughness (R1), smoothness depth (R4), and arithmetic roughness average (R5) were significantly decreased with use of EG. In a post-study questionnaire, subjects responded that EG was absorbed efficiently into the skin and was more potent in moisturizing and softening skin than the placebo. No participants reported adverse reactions to treatment. In conclusion, EG sufficiently suppressed eye wrinkle formation by decreasing various roughness measures on the basis of assessment with non-invasive devices. Therefore, our results indicate that EG is a promising anti-aging candidate that could be used as an ingredient in natural functional food and cosmetic products.
The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) was discovered a decade ago but is still not utilized beyond a handful of research groups, due to numerous limitations such as extremely low temperature, ...electric-field-effect gating requirement, small sample sizes, and environmental aging effect. Here, we present a robust platform that provides effective solutions to these problems. Specifically, on this platform, we observe QAH signatures at record-high temperatures, with a Hall conductance of 1.00 e 2/h at 2.0 K, 0.98 e 2/h at 4.2 K, and 0.92 e 2/h at 10 K, on centimeter-scale substrates, without electric-field-effect gating. The key ingredient is an active CrO x capping layer, which substantially boosts the ferromagnetism while suppressing environmental degradation. With this development, QAHE will now be accessible to much broader applications than before.
Non-thermal sterilization and microbial inactivation processes are currently receiving much attention in food and pharmaceutical industries. In particular, since supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO
...2) treatment, which is conducted at relatively low temperatures, is considered to be a promising alternative method to replace thermal sterilization processes that cannot be safely used in foods and bioactive materials. Although SC-CO
2 has been applied to many microorganisms, the inactivation of microbial cells by SC-CO
2 has only been evaluated by using a conventional viable cell count such as a plating method, by which it is not possible to systematically elucidate the microbial cell inactivation process. Therefore, in this study the physiological status of SC-CO
2 treated
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium was analyzed by using GC–MS analysis of fatty acids with principal component analysis and two-dimensional electrophoresis for protein profiling. From the results of these systemic analyses, it was revealed that SC-CO
2 caused significant alterations to the profiles of fatty acids and proteins of the cells.
Steel composite hollow columns have been studied in order to ease their construction. Welding or bolting are mostly used for connecting the steel tubes of precast steel composite hollow columns. ...However, welding generally results in temperatures of about 20000 °C in the welding zone and 1300 °C around the welding zone. Thus, the strength of the concrete in regions close to a welding zone is reduced. In this paper, the effects of arc welding and electro‐slag welding – two widely used methods for connecting the column modules of steel composite hollow columns – on the temperature change in the welding zone are studied by performing heat transfer analysis. The changes in the strength of the concrete are investigated for each welding method. The rate of decrease in concrete strength due to electro‐slag welding was greater than that due to arc welding. In addition, an effective method using ceramic fibres is suggested for preventing strength reduction in concrete due to welding heat.
A group of copper iodide-based hybrid semiconductors with the general formula of 2D-CuI(L)0.5 (L = organic ligands) are synthesized and structurally characterized. All compounds are two-dimensional ...(2D) networks made of one-dimensional (1D) copper iodide staircase chains that are interconnected by bidentate nitrogen-containing ligands. Results from optical absorption and emission experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that their photoluminescence (PL) can be systematically tuned by adjusting the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies of the organic ligands. Charge carrier transport measurements were carried out for the first time on single crystals of selected 2D-CuI(L)0.5 structures, and the results show that they possess p-type conductivity with a Hall mobility of ∼1 cm2 V–1 s–1 for 2D-CuI(pm)0.5 and 0.13 cm2 V–1 s–1 for 2D-CuI(pz)0.5, respectively. These values are comparable to or higher than the mobilities of typical highly luminescent organic semiconductors. This work suggests that robust, high-dimensional copper iodide hybrid semiconductors are promising candidates to be considered as a new type of emissive layer for light-emitting diode (LED) devices.
Controlling magnetic order in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) is a key to developing spintronic applications with MTIs and is commonly achieved by changing the magnetic doping concentration, ...which inevitably affects the spin–orbit coupling strength and the topological properties. Here, we demonstrate tunable magnetic properties in topological heterostructures over a wide range, from a ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of around 100 K all the way to a paramagnetic phase, while keeping the overall chemical composition the same, by controlling the thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layers between two atomically thin magnetic layers. This work showcases that spacer-layer control is a powerful tool to manipulate magneto-topological functionalities in MTI heterostructures. Furthermore, the interaction between the MTI and the Cr2O3 buffer layers also leads to a robust topological Hall effect surviving up to a record-high 6 T of magnetic field, shedding light on the critical role of interfacial layers in thin-film topological materials.
Controlling magnetic order in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) is a key to developing spintronic applications with MTIs and is commonly achieved by changing the magnetic doping concentration, ...which inevitably affects the spin–orbit coupling strength and the topological properties. Here, we demonstrate tunable magnetic properties in topological heterostructures over a wide range, from a ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of around 100 K all the way to a paramagnetic phase, while keeping the overall chemical composition the same, by controlling the thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layers between two atomically thin magnetic layers. This work showcases that spacer-layer control is a powerful tool to manipulate magneto-topological functionalities in MTI heterostructures. Furthermore, the interaction between the MTI and the Cr2O3 buffer layers also leads to a robust topological Hall effect surviving up to a record-high 6 T of magnetic field, shedding light on the critical role of interfacial layers in thin-film topological materials.
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