Cancer cells’ ability to sense their microenvironment and interpret these signals for the regulation of directional adhesion plays crucial role in cancer invasion. Furthermore, given the established ...influence of mechanical properties of the substrate on cell behavior, the present study aims to elucidate the relationship between the contact guidance of glioblastoma cell (GBM) and evolution of microstructural and mechanical properties of the implants. SEM analyses of the specimens subjected to 5 and 25% of plastic strains revealed directional groove-like structures in micro and submicro-sizes, respectively. Microscale cytoplasmic protrusions of GBMs showed elongation favored along the grooves created via deformation markings on 5% deformed sample. Whereas filopodia, submicro-sized protrusions facilitating cancer invasion, elongated in the direction perpendicular to the deformation markings on the 25% deformed sample, which might lead to easy and rapid retraction. Furthermore, number of cell attachment was 1.7-fold greater on 25% deformed sample, where these cells showed the greatest cellular aspect ratio. The directional attachment and contact guidance of GBMs was reported for the first time on metallic implants and these findings propose the idea that GBM response could be regulated by controlling the spacing of the deformation markings, namely the degree of plastic deformation. These findings can be applied in the design of cell-instructive implants for therapeutic purposes to suppress cancer dissemination.
End effector tracking control of robot manipulators subject to dynamical uncertainties is the main objective of this article. Direct task space control that aims minimizing the end effector tracking ...error directly is preferred. In the open loop error system, the vector that depends on uncertain dynamical terms is modeled via a fuzzy logic network and a self-adjusting adaptive fuzzy logic component is designed as part of the nonlinear proportional derivative based control input torque. The stability of the closed-loop system is investigated via Lyapunov based arguments and practical tracking is proven. The viability of the proposed control strategy is shown with experimental results. Extensions to uncertain Jacobian case and kinematically redundant robots are also presented.
sp. (Monogenea) is one of the most dangerous pathogens causing parasitic infections in carp (
) and other freshwater fish. Due to the adverse effects of conventional chemical treatments on the ...environment and fish, the use of herbal products in aquaculture against various diseases has increased. In the present study, anthelmintic effects of peppermint (
), lemon (
), and tea tree (
) essential oils against
sp. found on the gills of carp were studied using
and
experiments. In
experiments, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μl/ml concentrations of these essential oils were tested on the parasites and cumulative mortalities were observed to reach 100 % after treatment with peppermint, lemon, and tea tree essential oils of 1 μl/ml concentration in approximately 15, 10 and 2 min, respectively. The
experiments demonstrated that the cumulative mortality of the parasites increased with essential oil concentration and exposure duration. As the concentration of essential oil used increased, the observed mean time to death of parasites decreased. In
experiments, median effective concentrations (EC50) as assessed by
tests for peppermint and lemon essential oils in 5 min exposure and EC50 concentration for tea tree essential oil in 2 min exposure was applied on fish as a single bath and there was a significant decrease in the mean parasite intensities (p<0.05). Antiparasitic efficacies of peppermint, lemon, and tea tree essential oils were determined as 28.23 %, 30.95 %, and 35.31 %, respectively. The tea tree oil was the most effective and peppermint oil was the least effective in both
and
experiments. All three herbal essential oils tested in this study have weak antiparasitic potential against monogenean infections in fish.
Acrylamide (AA) is a common chemical, produced during food processing and widely used in various industries and laboratory processes. Thus, AA causes a significant risk for human and animal health. ...Recently published studies have suggested that reproductive toxicity of AA and glycidamide (GA) was mainly due to the oxidative stress which can lead to cell apoptosis. The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the apoptosis of mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells induced by AA and its metabolite GA. TM3 and TM4 cells were exposed to AA (10 µM and 1 mM) and GA (1 µM and 0.5 mM) for 24 h. Following the exposure time, the Leydig and Sertoli cells were evaluated for measurement of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase activity, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide levels, apoptosis/necrosis rate, and mRNA expression levels of apoptotic genes (caspase3, Bcl-2, Bax, and p53). The present study showed that AA and GA exposure caused decrease in cell viability and increase in excessive oxidative stress and apoptosis in both cell types. In conclusion, our in vitro results demonstrate that oxidative stress probably plays a major role in AA- and GA-induced apoptosis of Leydig and Sertoli cells.
The aim of this study was to compare egg production performance and welfare traits of laying hens kept in conventional cage (CC), enriched cage (EC), and free range (FR). Lohmann Brown laying hens (n ...= 480 with 160 per housing type) were studied across a production cycle from placement at 17 wk until depopulation at 66 wk. The hens were randomly allocated into cages or pens of housing system groups; within each system there were four replicates with 40 hens in each pen or cage. The hen day egg production (P = 0.037), feed intake (FI) (P < 0.001), egg mass (EM) (P < 0.001), and dirty egg ratio of hens were higher in the FR system but similar in the CC and EC systems. The highest mortality ratio was found in EC system hens (P = 0.020). The best feather score was found in FR system hens (P < 0.001). The worse body wound score was found in EC system hens (P = 0.038). On the other hand, the worse bumble foot and footpad lesions were found in FR system hens (P < 0.001). The highest tibia breaking strength was found in FR system hens compared with in CC and EC system hens (P < 0.001). The highest Heterophil/Lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was found in CC system hens (P = 0.006) but the blood phosphorus (P) level was higher in FR system hens (P = 0.013). The tonic immobility, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and Ca values of hens were found to be similar in all systems (P > 0.05). The hens in the FR system had additional space for optimum comfort and better feather and bone traits, but the dirty egg ratio, feed consumption, and foot lesions were higher than in CC and EC systems.
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