Un-doped and Mn-doped ZnO nanocrystalline thin films and
n
-ZnO
/n
-Si heterojunction have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The microstructure, morphology, optical, and electrical ...properties have been studied. The X-ray analyses have revealed that all films are in single phase and have wurtzite structure. Besides, it has been indicated that there are not any secondary phases. The optical properties have been evaluated by UV–Vis measurement. It has shown that band gap decreases with Mn incorporation from 3.29 to 3.19 eV. Schottky diode applications of the films have been performed by evaporation of Au on pure and Mn-doped ZnO films. Current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements of the
n
-ZnO
/n
-Si heterojunction indicate good diode characteristic and the barrier heights have been calculated as 0.89 and 0.79 eV for un-doped and Mn 1 pct-doped ZnO films. Besides, schematic cross section of the Au/
n-
ZnO/
n-
Si/Al device and energy band diagram of
n
-ZnO/
n
-Si heterojunction has been illustrated to clarify the transport mechanism. All results suggest that the characteristic properties of the ZnO thin films can be adjustable with the Mn doping and Al/
n
-Si/
n
-ZnO/Au diode can be used for UV detection application in photonic devices.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health problem worldwide that leads to end-stage kidney failure and cardiovascular complications. We aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD in Turkey, and ...to evaluate relationships between CKD and cardiovascular risk factors in a population-based survey.
Medical data were collected through home visits and interviews. Serum creatinine, blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and uric acid were determined from 12-h fasting blood samples, and spot urine tests were performed for subjects who gave consent to laboratory evaluation.
A total of 10 872 participants were included in the study. The final analysis was performed on 10 748 subjects (mean age 40.5 ± 16.3 years; 55.7% women) and excluded 124 pregnant women. A low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (< 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) was present in 5.2% of the subjects who were evaluated for GFR, while microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were observed in 10.2% and 2% of the subjects, respectively. The presence of CKD was assessed in subjects who gave consent for urinary albumin excretion measurement (n = 8765). The overall prevalence of CKD was 15.7%; it was higher in women than men (18.4% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.001) and increased with increasing age of the subjects. The prevalence of hypertension (32.7% in the general population), diabetes (12.7%), dyslipidaemia (76.3%), obesity (20.1%) and metabolic syndrome (31.3%) was significantly higher in subjects with CKD than subjects without CKD (P < 0.001 for all).
The prevalence of CKD in Turkey is 15.7%. Cardiovascular risk factors were significantly more prevalent in CKD patients.
Episodes of worsening symptoms and signs characterize the clinical course of patients with chronic heart failure (HF). These events are associated with poorer quality of life, increased risks of ...hospitalization and death and are a major burden on healthcare resources. They usually require diuretic therapy, either administered intravenously or by escalation of oral doses or with combinations of different diuretic classes. Additional treatments may also have a major role, including initiation of guideline‐recommended medical therapy (GRMT). Hospital admission is often necessary but treatment in the emergency service or in outpatient clinics or by primary care physicians has become increasingly used. Prevention of first and recurring episodes of worsening HF is an essential component of HF treatment and this may be achieved through early and rapid administration of GRMT. The aim of the present clinical consensus statement by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology is to provide an update on the definition, clinical characteristics, management and prevention of worsening HF in clinical practice.
Transradial Access (TRA) is the suggested method when performing coronary procedures. TRA has several advantages over the transfemoral approach, but also some restrictions. The present study compared ...the efficacy and safety of the traditional proximal transradial approach (pTRA) with a newer technique known as the distal transradial approach (dTRA) for performing a coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients (n = 700) were placed into one of two categories (dTRA or pTRA) based on a random technique. The primary endpoint was RAO at follow-up. The secondary endpoints included the time required for sheath insertion, the rate of successful sheath insertion, rate of successful completion of CAG and PCI, total procedure time, total fluoroscopy time, total radiation dose, total contrast volume used, pain perception (visual analog scale 0-10), and hemostasis duration. dTRA patients had more skin punctures, failed punctures, failed wiring, overlap of access sites, sheath insertion time, and pain evaluation scale, while the pTRA group had more hemostasis time and first-time cannulation. RAO and pseudoaneurysm (PseA) were lower in the dTRA group. In this randomized study, dTRA had lower RAO and PseA than pTRA. However, multicenter, larger-patient trials are needed to provide definitive evidence.
The properties of AC-5 control asphalt binder, mixture containing the same asphalt were compared with the properties of AC-10 asphalt binder modified by 0.75%, 1%, 2%, and 3% of polyester resin (PR), ...mixture containing pure AC-10 and AC-10 modified by 0.75% of PR, respectively.
Initial research was done to determine the physical properties of unmodified and PR modified asphalt binders. The AC-10 asphalt binder modified by 0.75% of PR had good results compared to AC-5 control asphalt binder and all other modified binders, and hence this modified binder as well as unmodified binders were used to prepare Marshall samples for Marshall stability and flow, indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), indirect tensile strength (ITS) and creep stiffness tests.
The results of investigation indicate that AC-10+0.75% PR binder has better physical properties than AC-5 control asphalt binder and, at the same time, PR improves mechanical properties of asphalt mixture.
Introduction: Testicular cancer accounts for 1% of all male neoplasms and 95% of cases are testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). There are studies investigating the relationship between hematological ...inflammatory markers and testicular cancer. We aimed for the 1st time to investigate whether there is an association between Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) and clinical Stage 1 TGCT. Methods: A total of 60 patients who underwent radical inguinal orchiectomy because of testicular mass between June 2019 and December 2020 were included. Age, preoperative serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and whole blood cell counts, tumor stage, and tumor size of the patients were recorded. Pre-operative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index, and SIRI were compared to preoperative serum AFP, hCG, and LDH levels between seminoma (n=27) and non-seminoma (n=33) TGCT groups. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between two groups in terms of tumor size, LDH level and tumor side, NLR, PLR, and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (p>0.05). SIRI, serum AFP, and HCG levels were significantly higher in non-seminoma group (p=0.006, p=0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). In multivariate analysis, it was determined SIRI over 0.985 is associated with non-seminoma TGCT pathology (OR=5.662, 95% CI=1.284-24.966, p=0.022). Discussion and Conclusion: In this pilot study, it was revealed that pre- operative SIRI is associated with non-seminoma TGCT. We believe it is important to explore the utility of SIRI in the differential diagnosis of TGCT in further studies. Keywords: Cancer; inflammation; systemic inflammation response index; testicular germ cell tumor.
This paper presents assessment of a 94 years old reinforced concrete (RC) open-spandrel arch bridge with a total length of 285 m having seven major spans of 35 m, a height of 34 m and a vertical ...slope of 15 ‰. As the bridge was currently subjected to heavy trains having higher axle loads than it was originally designed, assessment of its actual structural condition was necessary. To determine actual in-situ behavior of the bridge, dynamic tests including a series of acceleration measurements along the bridge spans were performed. Then, 3D finite element model of the bridge was generated by using a structural analysis software based on its original constructional drawings. The initial FE model was updated using Response Surface Method (RSM) technique based on the results obtained from measurement data. The updated FE model was used for structural assessment and evaluation of the bridge under UIC-71 live loading. Rating factor and reliability index for each bridge member based on Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) approach were obtained. Results of the rating and reliability analysis showed that the most critical member of the bridge was the deck, thus strengthening and retrofitting of these deck members might be needed for live loads greater than those induced by UIC-71 train.
In the present study, mulberry seed oil (MSO) samples obtained from seeds of different mulberry varieties as well as concentrated mulberry juice production waste (mulberry pomace) were investigated. ...Radical scavenging capacity, tocopherol and total phenolic content of MSO were determined. It was observed that MSO contain unique amounts of δ-tocopherol varying between 1645-2587 mg kg^sup -1^ oil depending on the variety. The secondary tocopherol homologue was γ-tocopherol within a concentration range of 299-854 mg kg^sup -1^ oil. MSO exhibited a very high antioxidant capacity varying in the range of 1013-1743 and 2574-4522 mg alpha-tocopherol equivalents (alpha-TE) per kg of oil for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and freeze-dried 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (FD-ABTS) radical cation assays, respectively. Both antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were higher for mulberry pomace oil compared with the seed oils. Fatty acid composition of MSO was also determined, and linoleic acid was found to be the primary fatty acid (66-80 %).
In a first step, Boswellia serrata (Bs) resin was purchased in its natural state and dissolved in deionized water and coated on the n-Si wafer by spin coating method as a thin film with about 1 μm. ...SEM images and EDX analyses of Bs resin film on the n-Si wafer were obtained. It has been seen that the fabricated Bs/n-Si device has an unsymmetrical current-voltage (I–V) graph and a good rectifier feature. Then, we analyzed some electrical characteristics of Bs/n-Silicon heterojunction. Using light intensity-dependent (in the range of 100–250 mW/cm2) current-voltage (I–V) and in dark, capacitance-conductance-voltage (C-G-V) and capacitance-frequency (C-f) measurements of Bs/n-Si heterojunction were investigated. The heterojunction shows a photodiode behavior such that the reverse-bias photocurrent exceeds the dark reverse current and the reverse bias current increased linearly with increasing light intensity. Hence, we determined the sensitivity, responsivity, detectivity and main rectifying junction parameters such as rectifying ratio, ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance. Furthermore, the barrier heights from the reverse bias C–V measurements were determined and it was found to depend on the frequency. In forward biases, the C decreased with increasing frequency while G increased. In summary, it was concluded that Bs forming a p-n heterostructure with n-Si is a potential material for optoelectronic applications.
•Boswellia serrata (Bs) resin was dissolved in deionized water and coated on the n-Si wafer by spin coating method.•The SEM images and EDX analyses of Bs resin film on the n-Si wafer was obtained.•Light intensity-dependent (in the range of 100–250 mW/cm2) I–V measurements of Bs/n-Si heterojunction were investigated.•The heterojunction shows a photodiode behaviour and the reverse bias current increased linearly with increasing light power.
AbstractIn this study, the mixes prepared using crumb rubber (CR) and binders with warm mix additives were aged through various aging methods (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks at 60°C in the laboratory; 2, 4, 6, ...8, 10, and 12 months under the environmental conditions; and AASHTO R30) and examined in terms of performance and aging index. The indirect tensile strength (ITS), indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM), and fatigue tests were applied to the pure and the CR, CR+Sasobit, and CR+Evotherm modified aged and nonaged mixes, and the aging indexes were determined according to the results obtained. According to the test results, CR+Sasobit was found to be the best mix in terms of mechanical properties. Using the warm asphalt additives in the CR modification was determined to decrease the aging indexes and retarded the aging. Also determined was that a high correlation exists between the aging at 60°C in the laboratory and the aging under the environmental conditions. Based on the fatigue test results, AASHTO R30 short-term aging (4 h at 135°C) was determined to cause structural deterioration in the mixes and yielded low load repetition relative to the pure mixes. Therefore, using this method for the short-term aging of the CR modified mixes would not be appropriate. When the tests applied were evaluated in terms of the aging indexes, the fatigue test was found to be the most sensitive method for detecting aging in the pure mixes and mixes with additives.
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