•This paper analyzes whether the financial support for grassland ecological protection and restoration has improved the vegetation coverage of grassland.•There is a nonlinear relationship between ...financial support for ecological restoration and grassland vegetation coverage.•Different fiscal expenditure structure has a heterogeneous response.•The degree of fiscal decentralization has a significant positive regulatory effect on the ecological benefits.
Grassland ecological restoration is an important cornerstone to maintain the sustainable development of grassland ecosystem. One of the goals of financial support for grassland ecological protection and restoration is whether the ecological benefits of grassland are fully realized, and grassland vegetation coverage is the main index to measure the ecological benefits. This paper aims to analyze whether the financial support for grassland ecological protection and restoration has improved the vegetation coverage of grassland. and then verify whether there is room for improvement in the fiscal effect of grassland ecological protection and restoration? Based on the panel data of 54 animal husbandry and semi-agricultural and semi-animal husbandry counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, this paper adopts a bidirectional fixed effect model and cross-fixed effect model to introduce natural factors affecting grassland vegetation coverage into the model and systematically examines the financial effects of ecological benefits of financial support for grassland ecological protection and restoration. The main findings are as follows: (1) there is a nonlinear relationship between financial support for grassland ecological protection and restoration and grassland vegetation coverage when natural factors are taken into account in the model. (2) different fiscal expenditure structure has a heterogeneous response to the impact of grassland ecological protection and restoration on ecological benefits. (3) the degree of fiscal decentralization and the relative performance of the government have a significant positive moderating effect on the ecological benefits of fiscal support for grassland ecological protection and restoration.
Titanosilicates with extra-large pores or cages are expected to effectively release the diffusion constraints suffered by the bulky substrates in the hydrogen peroxide-involved liquid-phase selective ...oxidation reactions. A reversible 3D–2D–3D structural transformation was developed to fabricate a highly active IWV-type titanosilicate (Ti-IWV) with a two-dimensional intersecting 12-membered ring (MR) channel system and extra-large 14-MR supercages. The IWV germanosilicate was readily disassembled into a layered 2D material (Hydro-IWV) in HNO3 aqueous solution, which was reconstructed to Ti-IWV with various Ti contents (Si/Ti ratio of 40–∞) through the (NH4)2TiF6-assisted isomorphous substitution of Ti and structure repair. The fluoride anions were critical to recover the interlayer double-four-ring (d4r) units, which were destroyed in the hydrolysis process. Ti-IWV was extremely active in the liquid-phase epoxidation reaction of cycloalkenes, especially showing a much higher conversion (99%) for cyclooctene than conventional titanosilicates. Rather than diffusion rate, the high capacity for the adsorption of bulky alkene molecules of extra-large 14-MR cages contributed to the outstanding activity of Ti-IWV.
The liquid-phase epoxidation of cyclopentene (CPE) was performed in the Ti-zeolite/H
2
O
2
catalytic system for the clean synthesis of cyclopentene oxide. Among all the Ti-zeolites (Ti-Beta, Ti-MOR, ...Ti-MCM-68, TS-1, TS-2, and Ti-MWW) investigated in the present study, Ti-MWW provided relatively lower CPE conversion of 13% due to the diffusion constrains but a higher CPO selectivity of 99.5%. The catalytic performance of Ti-MWW was significantly enhanced by piperidine (PI) treatment, with the CPE conversion and CPO selectivity increased to 97.8 and 99.9%, respectively. The structural rearrangement upon PI treatment converted the 3-dimensional (3D) MWW structure to a 2D lamellar one, which enlarged the interlayer space and greatly alleviated the diffusion constrains of cyclic cyclopentene. Furthermore, the newly constructed “open site” six-coordinated Ti active sites with PI as the ligand exhibited higher catalytic activity. The two factors contributed to more significant enhancement of the activity upon PI-assisted structural arrangement compared to the cases in linear alkenes.
Hydrogen energy as a significant part of clean energy in the future has been widely studied. Hydrogen production from electric cracking water is the most effective and mature development method at ...present. Heterostructured electrocatalysts are favored due to their low overpotential, excellent assembly structure and good electron transfer ability. Consequently this paper reviews the development of heterogeneous electrocatalysts, the measurement parameters of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and related research progress, and gives the hydrogen evolution mechanism in acidic, alkaline and neutral environments. Finally, we explain the essential development direction and severe challenges in this field.
This paper reviews the progress of research on heterostructured catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen precipitation reactions. The excellent charge transport capability of heterostructures and the multilevel constitutive properties are extremely widely studied. In this paper, heterostructured catalysts from transition metals as well as alloys and compounds are described in detail. Non‐metallic‐based heterostructured electrocatalysts are also briefly mentioned. Prospects for related systems are also presented.
With the improvement of thermal efficiency and the lightweight tendency of engine blades, Ni-based superalloy is widely used owing to its excellent performance in high-temperature atmospheres. This ...work studied the effects of surface oxidation, internal environmental attack, and matrix damage on the failure mechanism in a thin-walled casting Ni-based superalloy at 980 °C/160 Mpa. At the edge of the fracture, the sample suffered a severe environmental attack, resulting in the oxidation-affected zone forms. However, the loss of effective bear area induced by surface damage could not be the main reason for the sample's failure. At the interior of the matrix, voids were preferably initiated at the interface of MC carbides. As the increase of creep deformation, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred at the tip of the voids, which increased the transverse grain boundaries and promoted crack propagation. Moreover, the DRX provided a short penetration path for the nitrogen, causing internal nitridation with AlN and Ti(Ta)N to precipitate. EBSD analysis confirmed that nitrides induced significant dislocations to accumulate at the boundaries of nitrides/γ, accelerating the failure of the sample.
China indeed has made great efforts to maintain environmental quality. However, it should be noted that climate challenges normally emerge when certain nations heavily depend on non-renewable ...resources to meet energy demands. It is quite difficult to reduce the dependency because such economies are ranked as a major importer of fossil fuel resources. This means, pollution and emission rates in subsequent economies are increasing with the passage of time. The spontaneous fintech growth and financial inclusion, natural resource volatility and increasing economic activities in China have triggered vicious climate challenges. Therefore, the study intends to explore the relationship between fintech, financial inclusion, green finance, natural resource rent and environmental quality in China over the time period of 1998–2022. Using ARDL technique, it was found that fintech, financial inclusion and green finance enhance environmental quality, whereas natural resource rents are responsible of degrading environmental quality. Therefore, Chinese authorities should use resources related to green finance to facilitate fintech industry. Besides, blending fintech solutions such as NFTs and cryptocurrencies with traditional financing for environmental sustainability, there is also a need to establish standard laws and procedrues for these products.
•Fintech, financial inclusion, and green finance enhance environmental quality•Natural resource rents contribute significantly to the degradation of environmental quality•Green finance promotes sustainable development and resolve climate change issues,
•The index of human thermal comfort PMV to measure the comfort in the car was firstly put forward.•Second, the energy consumption control method of air conditioning in car, which simplified ...calculation and BP algorithm to calculate PMV index was proposed.•Third, aiming at the problem that the prediction result is inaccurate when the PMV value is lower than −3 or higher than 3, three control schemes of comfort, economy and power saving are proposed for users.•Fourth,the related vehicle tests were carried out,the experimental results show that the three comfort control schemes have different effects on vehicle energy consumption, it provides a solution to balance the energy consumption control and comfort control of air conditioning in the use of electric vehicles.
This article discusses the new control methodology of vehicle energy consumption optimization for thermal comfort. To address the issues of exceeding boundaries and redundancy in the application of PMV(Predicted Mean Vote) indicators in vehicles, three different control strategies for electric vehicles are proposed. To address the issue of inaccurate prediction results caused by considering air conditioning energy consumption as a part of vehicle driving energy consumption, a method combining air conditioning average power method is proposed to estimate the remaining range of vehicles. The impact of air conditioning energy consumption on the estimation results of vehicle remaining range under three control strategies is analyzed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results demonstrate the differences in the energy consumption values of the entire vehicle under the three modes, providing a solution for balancing energy saving and comfort control in the use of electric vehicles. In addition, the experimental results show that the error rate between the actual value of estimating the remaining driving distance of vehicles using the average power method of air conditioning and the simulated data is less than 3%. The proposed algorithm provides new ideas and methods for estimating the remaining driving range of electric vehicles.
Thermal stress is of crucial importance to capacitor reliability. However, for a capacitor bank, on spatial scale, the complex heat transfer modes are not clearly illustrated; and on time scale, the ...equivalent series resistance (ESR) aging is neither fully discussed in current evaluation methods. These could lead to a glaring error in the prediction of temperature distribution and lifetime estimation. Therefore, this article proposed an analytical thermal modeling method with high-resolution for the capacitor bank, considering the thermal coupling effect between individual capacitors, as well as different cooling conditions and the heat variation caused by ESR aging. First, the improved thermal state-space modeling method is proposed to universally describe a multiple heat source system. Then, based on heat transfer and fluid mechanic theories, the characterization method of thermal coupling effect in different cooling modes is discussed. Furthermore, the ESR aging model is applied in the electrothermal analysis of capacitor bank, aiming to improve the accuracy of thermal calculation in long time scale. Finally, to alleviate the uneven temperature distribution in an in-line designed capacitor bank, a staggered design method is proposed followed by a case study, where a nine-capacitor bank is presented to validate the corresponding modeling method and optimization.
Ultra-fine FeS2 nanoparticles anchored on CNT conductive network as a Na-ion batteries anode material with a fast and stable cycle performance.
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•Ultra-fine FeS2 nanoparticles anchored ...on CNT were synthesized for Na+ storage.•FeS2@CNT presents synergic effect of battery/capacitor hybrid Na ion storage.•Ultra-fine FeS2 nanoparticles effectively improve pseudocapacitive contributions.•Superior performance with a high capacity of 545.9 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 is gained.
Pyrite (FeS2) as one of the most promising anode material candidates for sodium ion batteries suffers from sluggish electrochemical kinetics and large volume expansion, leading to rapid capacity decline and poor rate performance. In this work, ultra-fine FeS2 nanoparticles anchored on carbon nanotube conductive network (FeS2@CNT) were synthesized by one-step pyrolysis combined with solid vulcanization method. On the one hand, the conductive network of CNT not only provides necessary expansion space for FeS2 during the sodiation/desodiation process, but also improves the conductivity of the composites. On the other hand, ultra-fine FeS2 nanoparticle (54 nm) shortens the diffusion paths of Na-ions and triggers the outstanding pseudocapacitance effect. Owing to the synergic effect of battery/capacitor hybrid energy storage, the obtained FeS2@CNT composites exhibit excellent sodium ion storage performance.
Lithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode candidate for next-generation high-energy storage systems due to its ultrahigh specific capacity and low reduction potential. However, the practical ...application of lithium metal anode is severely impeded by uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) N-doped carbon fiber (NCF) network with ion/electron-conductivity has been fabricated by electrospinning the polyacrylonitrile solution and subsequent thermal treatment. The 3D NCF as an interlayer covering on the lithium anode is used to regulate the lithium plating/stripping behavior, accommodating partially deposited Li to realize lithium dendrite-free deposition on the lithium anode. Benefiting from these, the symmetrical cell of Li anode protected by NCF (Li@NCF) delivers long duration time (>1200 h) with a low initial nucleation overpotential (30 mV) at the current density of 1 mA cm−2. In addition, the full cell of Li@NCF||LiFePO4 exhibits excellent capacity retention of 114.6 mAh cm−2 over 360 cycles at the current density of 1 C. This strategy contributes a step forward for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries.
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•N-doped carbon fiber interlayer was developed for suppressing Li dendrite growth.•N-doped carbon fiber facilitates electronic transportation and ionic migration.•Uniform deposition of Li results from 3D structure and low nucleation overpotential.
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