Dysfunction of the endothelium is regarded as an important factor in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus (DM). Unfortunately, prevention of the progression of vascular ...complications of DM remains pessimistic. Ferulic acid and astragaloside IV, isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Angelica sinensis and Radix astragali respectively, exhibit potential cardio-protective and anti-hyperglycemic properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanism of ferulic acid and astragaloside IV against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats. After the diabetic rat model was established using streptozotocin, sixty rats were divided into 6 groups (control, model, ferulic acid, astragaloside IV, ferulic acid + astragaloside IV, and metformin) and treated for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected to measure levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine (Cr), nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and abdominal aorta tissue samples were collected for observing histological morphology changes of endothelium and detecting gene and protein expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) P65, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). We found that ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV was capable of improving the structure of the aortic endothelium wall, attenuating the increase of HbAlc, TG, TC, LDL-C and Ox-LDL, promoting the release of NO and eNOS, and inhibiting over-activation of MCP-1, TNF-α, and NF-κB P65, without damage to liver and kidney function. In conclusion, ferulic acid combined with astragaloside IV exhibited significant protective effects against vascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats through the NF-κB pathway involving decrease of Ox-LDL, increase of NO and eNOS, and activation of NF-κB P65, MCP-1 and TNF-α.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and ...activator of the transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway, which is out of balance in the context of DKD, acts through a range of metabolism-related cytokines and hormones. JAK/STAT is the primary signaling node in the progression of DKD. The latest research on JAK/STAT signaling helps determine the role of this pathway in the factors associated with DKD progression. These factors include the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), fibrosis, immunity, inflammation, aging, autophagy, and EMT. This review epitomizes the progress in understanding the complicated explanation of the etiologies of DKD and the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in the progression of DKD and discusses whether it can be a potential target for treating DKD. It further summarizes the JAK/STAT inhibitors, natural products, and other drugs that are promising for treating DKD and discusses how these inhibitors can alleviate DKD to explore possible potential drugs that will contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies for DKD in the near future.
More than 90% of patients with diabetes worldwide are type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is caused by insulin resistance or impaired producing insulin by pancreatic β cells. T2D and its complications, ...mainly large cardiovascular (LCV) and kidney (Ne) complications, are the major cause of death in diabetes patients. Recently, the dysregulation of peripheral T cell immune homeostasis was found in most T2D patients. However, the characteristics of T-cell receptors (TCR) remain largely unexplored in T2D patients.
Here we investigated the TCR repertoire using high-throughput sequencing in peripheral blood collected from T2D patient with (8 LCV and 7 Ne) or without complications.
Our analysis of TCR repertoires in peripheral blood samples showed that TCR profiles in T2D patients with complications tended to be single and specific compared to controls, according to the characteristics of TCR repertoire in V-J combination number, diversity, principal component analysis (PCA) and differential genes. And we identified some differentially expressed V-J gene segments and amino acid clonotypes, which had the potential to contribute to distinguishing T2D patient with or without complications. As the progression of the disease, we found that the profiling of TCR repertoire was also differential between T2D patients with LVD and Ne complications base on this pilot analysis.
This study demonstrated the protentional unique property of TCR repertoire in peripheral blood of T2D patient with and without complications, or T2D patients with LVD and Ne complications, which provided the possibility for future improvements in immune-related diagnosis and therapy for T2D complications.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We explored the relationships between heart rate variability (HRV) and levels of N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UA). A total of 90 ...consecutive patients admitted < 48 hours for UA were included. Serum levels of NT-proBNP were measured from blood samples. The cohort was divided into tertiles according to NT-proBNP levels. HRV parameters including SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, TP, and VLF were assessed by 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring. The median (IQR) NT-proBNP level was 177.02 (64.76, 740.70) pg/mL. Patients with SDNN < 100 ms had higher levels of NT-proBNP than those with SDNN > 100 ms (P = 0.003). With increasing levels of NT-proBNP, both the 24hour monitoring HRV and night-monitoring HRV showed that SDNN and VLF gradually decreased (P < 0.01), and patients in the NT-proBNP lowest tertile group had higher LF values than the other two groups (P < 0.05); however, no difference was found in RMSSD, HF, and TP. During the daytime, the LF, VLF, and TP values were lower in the NTproBNP highest group compared with the lowest tertile group (P < 0.05). NT-proBNP levels correlated negatively with SDNN (r = -0.314, P = 0.003) and VLF (r = -0.397, P < 0.001) but not with other HRV parameters. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum levels of NT-proBNP remained predictive of SDNN (β = -0.060, P = 0.001) and VLF (β = -0.145, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for confounders. Our study showed that the elevated serum levels of NT-proBNP predict reduced HRV parameters, and the increased NT-proBNP levels combined with decreased HRV represent the degree of neurohormonal dysfunction and may be better prognostic predictors for risk stratification in UA patients.
Introduction
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication among patients with diabetes mellitus, and it has been linked to a higher risk of depression. However, the magnitude of this association ...remains unclear. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the risk of depression in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy.
Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review, searching multiple databases from January 1964 to March 2023, and included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. We assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa scale for observational studies. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 14.2, and pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 60 studies were included.
Results
The pooled OR for the risk of depression among patients with diabetic nephropathy was 1.78 (95% CI 1.56–2.04;
I
2
= 83%;
n
= 56), indicating a significantly higher risk compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy (
p
< 0.001). Pooling the effect size across these studies showed that the pooled OR was 1.15 (95% CI 1.14–1.16;
I
2
= 88%;
n
= 32). Subgroup analyses based on the type of diabetes and study region revealed no significant differences in the pooled estimates.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that patients with diabetic nephropathy have a significantly higher risk of depression compared to diabetes patients without nephropathy. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and addressing the mental health of patients with diabetic nephropathy as part of their overall healthcare management.
An on-line oil monitoring system offers a suitable solution to the practical problems encountered in monitoring the conditions of machinery equipment. The objective of this paper is to present a ...systematic method for analysing wear particles in the lubricant used in a diesel engine, in a laboratory setting. An integrated on-line oil monitoring system, which combines an inductive transducer with a fibre optic transducer, was developed to primitive design stage and some experiments have been done. The inductance transducer, whose operation is based on an inductive measurement technique, can detect large ferrous and non-ferrous wear debris. A particle's material properties reflect its origin, and the frequency can be used for estimating wear particle size. The fibre optic transducer can detect small particles and is used for inspection of oil contamination levels. The integrated system combines the virtues of two measurement methods, extends the detection range and meaningfully improves the reliability of oil monitoring. So it has great promise and there are prospects for application as soon as the solutions to certain problems are found.
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an essential and early sign of diabetic macroangiopathy, a primary complication of diabetes mellitus. Astragalus membranaceous-Angelica sinensis is a classic ...medical combination applied in China to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the granule form of the extract produced from the dried root of Astragalus membranaceous (AM) combination with the granule form of the extract produced from the dried Angelica sinensis (AS) on diabetic macroangiopathy and its underlying mechanism. Herein, rats were treated by AM-AS at a ratio of 3 : 2 via intragastric administration. High glucose-induced human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were then treated with drug-containing serum collected from the rats. In high glucose-treated HUVECs, AM-AS combination increased cell viability (P<0.05), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells (P<0.05) and the expression of the proapoptosis protein caspase 3 (P<0.05), reduced the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase (P<0.05), decreased reactive oxygen species level (P<0.05), enhanced cell migration and invasion (P<0.05), and reduced the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha. These results indicate that AM-AS combination at the ratio of 3 : 2 ameliorated HUVEC dysfunction by regulating apoptosis, cell migration, and invasion, which might be mediated by their regulatory effect on reactive oxygen species production. The current study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of diabetic macroangiopathy using AM-AS.
In response to a large amount of marine and coastal geological data, the Yantai Center of Coastal Zone Geological Survey has designed and developed a marine and coastal database management and ...visualization system. This paper introduces the development environment and functional modules of the database system. The development and use of this system have achieved the integration of data aggregation, processing, and display of geological data, which is of great significance for improving the value and utilization rate of geological information resources.
A new wear-graphy technology was developed, which can simultaneously identify the shape and composition of wear debris, for both metals and non-metals. The fundamental principles of the wear-graphy ...system and its wear-gram system are discussed here. A method was developed to distribute wear debris on a slide uniformly to reduce overlapping of wear debris while smearing. The composition identification analyzes the wear debris using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) energy spectrum, infrared-thermal imaging and X-ray imaging technology. A wear debris analysis system based on database techniques is demonstrated, and a visible digitized wear-gram is acquired based on the information of wear debris with image collection and processing of the wear debris. The method gives the morphological characteristics of the wear debris, material composition identification of the wear debris, intelligent recognition of the wear debris, and storage and management of wear debris information.
We applied the combination of in situ electrochemical liquid-phase microextraction and square-wave voltammetric stripping analysis for the first time as a highly sensitive and selective approach for ...the detection of dopamine. A mixed gel of graphene sheets and an ionic liquid of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaflurophosphate （OMimPF6） was used as a micro liquid-phase to pre-concentrate dopamine by controlled potential electrolysis from an aqueous solution （as a donor phase）, followed by square-wave voltammetric stripping detection. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 μmol/L in the presence of excess ascorbic acid and uric acid. The detection limit has been found to be 8.0 nmol/L （S/N=3）.
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