•Pinus taeda-derived activated biochar was used for removal of tetracycline.•Possible adsorption mechanisms were explained by kinetic and isotherm studies.•Significant increase in adsorption capacity ...was achieved after NaOH activation.•Intraparticle diffusion would be the major limitation for the adsorption.•Adsorption capacity of activated BC was compared to commercial activated carbons.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the adsorption of tetracycline (TC) on the Pinus taeda-derived activated biochar (BC). After NaOH activation, the well-developed porous surface structure was observed with a significantly increase in surface area (959.9 m2/g). The kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction on the heterogeneous surface would be the possible mechanisms, while intra-particle diffusion was considered as the major limitation for the adsorption of TC on the activated BC. The maximum adsorption capacity of the activated BC (274.8 mg TC/g BC) was higher than those of various activated BCs from the previous studies while it was similar to those of commercial activated carbons. It indicated that the activated BC had the high potential for TC removal in water.
•Effects of manure-derived biochar on anaerobic digestion of manure were investigated.•Biochar addition increased maximum methane production rate and potential.•Biochar shortened the lag phase of ...anaerobic digestion (AD).•Alkaline content in the manure biochar played a significant role in AD of manure.
Effects of dairy manure-derived biochar (M-BC) on methane production in anaerobic digestion (AD) of dry dairy manure were investigated with three different concentrations of biochar (0, 1 and 10 g/L) and temperatures (psychrophilic, 20 °C; mesophilic, 35 °C; thermophilic, 55 °C). Compared with the AD without any biochar, the cumulative methane and yield in the AD with 10 g/L biochar were increased to 27.65% and 26.47% in psychrophilic, 32.21% and 24.90% in mesophilic and 35.71% and 24.69% in thermophilic digestions. The addition of M-BC shortened the lag phases of AD at all temperatures in the study while it lowered the concentration of total VFAs and propionic acid. It was suggested that the high nutrients and alkalinity potential of M-BC (i.e. 9.1% Ca, 3.6% Mg, 1.3% N, 0.14% P) would play significant roles in enhancing methane production and shortening lag phases from the AD of dairy manure.
Abstract
To boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of hematite photoanodes, high temperature annealing has been widely applied to enhance crystallinity, to improve the interface ...between the hematite-substrate interface, and to introduce tin-dopants from the substrate. However, when using additional dopants, the interaction between the unintentional tin and intentional dopant is poorly understood. Here, using germanium, we investigate how tin diffusion affects overall photoelectrochemical performance in germanium:tin co-doped systems. After revealing that germanium is a better dopant than tin, we develop a facile germanium-doping method which suppresses tin diffusion from the fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, significantly improving hematite performance. The NiFeO
x
@Ge-PH photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm
−2
at 1.23 V
RHE
with a low turn-on voltage. After combining with a perovskite solar cell, our tandem system achieves 4.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (3.9 mA cm
−2
in NiFeO
x
@Ge-PH/perovskite solar water splitting system). Our work provides important insights on a promising diagnostic tool for future co-doping system design.
Summary
Dysregulation of O‐GlcNAc modification catalyzed by O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA) contributes to the etiology of chronic diseases of aging, including cancer, cardiovascular ...disease, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Here we found that natural aging in wild‐type mice was marked by a decrease in OGA and OGT protein levels and an increase in O‐GlcNAcylation in various tissues. Genetic disruption of OGA resulted in constitutively elevated O‐GlcNAcylation in embryos and led to neonatal lethality with developmental delay. Importantly, we observed that serum‐stimulated cell cycle entry induced increased O‐GlcNAcylation and decreased its level after release from G2/M arrest, indicating that O‐GlcNAc cycling by OGT and OGA is required for precise cell cycle control. Constitutively, elevated O‐GlcNAcylation by OGA disruption impaired cell proliferation and resulted in mitotic defects with downregulation of mitotic regulators. OGA loss led to mitotic defects including cytokinesis failure and binucleation, increased lagging chromosomes, and micronuclei formation. These findings suggest an important role for O‐GlcNAc cycling by OGA in embryonic development and the regulation of the maintenance of genomic stability linked to the aging process.
Realization of a highly flexible, lightweight, and high performance flexible supercapacitor was achieved using three-dimensional graphene on flexible graphite-paper. A simple and fast self-assembly ...approach was utilized for the uniform deposition of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown high quality 3D-graphene powders on a flexible graphite-paper substrate. The fabricated paper-based symmetric supercapacitor exhibited a maximum capacitance of 260 F g−1 (15.6 mF cm−2) in a three electrode system, 80 F g−1 (11.1 mF cm−2) in a full cell, high capacitance retention and a high energy density of 8.8 Wh kg−1 (1.24 μWh cm−2) at a power density of 178.5 W kg−1 (24.5 μW cm−2). The flexible supercapacitor maintained its supercapacitor performance well, even under bent, rolled, or twisted conditions, signifying the excellent flexibility of the fabricated device. Our straightforward approach to the fabrication of highly flexible and lightweight supercapacitors offers new design opportunities for flexible/wearable electronics and miniaturized device applications that require energy storage units that meet the demands of the multifarious applications.
•A fully flexible supercapacitor based on 3D-graphene/graphite-paper was fabricated.•The 3D-porous architecture provided space for easy migration of electrolyte ions.•Our device exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility.•The present approach is simple, fast, scalable, and highly efficient.
This study introduces an in situ fabrication of nanoporous hematite with a Ti‐doped SiOx passivation layer for a high‐performance water‐splitting system. The nanoporous hematite with a Ti‐doped SiOx ...layer (Ti‐(SiOx/np‐Fe2O3)) has a photocurrent density of 2.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and 3.70 mA cm−2 at 1.50 VRHE. When a cobalt phosphate co‐catalyst was applied to Ti‐(SiOx/np‐Fe2O3), the photocurrent density reached 3.19 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with stability, which shows great potential of the use of the Ti‐doped SiOx layer with a synergistic effect of decreased charge recombination, the increased number of active sites, and the reduced hole‐diffusion pathway from the hematite to the electrolyte.
A nanoporous hematite with a Ti‐doped SiOx layer (Ti‐(SiOx/np‐Fe2O3)) has a photocurrent density of 2.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and 3.70 mA cm−2 at 1.50 VRHE. This is due to a synergistic effect of decreased charge recombination, the increased number of active sites, and the reduced hole‐diffusion pathway from the hematite to the electrolyte.
We report that metal ions (M: Sn4+ and Ti4+) and boron-codoped hematite photoanodes with an n–n+ homojunction showed significantly increased photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting activity with ...greatly reduced surface recombination. The secondary B-doping of broadly used M-doped hematite photoanodes not only suppresses the number of M+ ions, which inevitably cause electron–hole pair (EHP) recombination, but also generates an internal electric field for easy hole extraction. Taking advantage of these effects, the maximum length (500–600 nm) of hematite, which has the reported highest PEC performance, was increased to up to 900 nm in M:B-Fe2O, which in turn increased the active area of the photoanode. The M:B-Fe2O3 with a film thickness of 900 nm and a diameter of 122 nm converted the incident photons to EHPs with substantially reduced recombination and exhibited a photocurrent density of 1.92 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. After loading inexpensive oxygen evolution reaction catalysts (FeOOH) on the surface of M:B-Fe2O3, the photocurrent density of FeOOH/M:B-Fe2O3 reached 2.35 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. The cost-effective strategy of B-doping into M-doped hematite provides a straightforward way to address the M-doping-related negative effects, such as a high electron–hole recombination rate on the surface of hematite, and thus the critical length limitation of an ideal hematite photoanode, to potentially improve the performance of PEC devices.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE—Based on its mechanism, the use of balloon guide catheters (BGCs) may be beneficial during endovascular treatment, regardless of the type of mechanical recanalization modality ...used—stent retriever thrombectomy or thrombaspiration. We evaluated whether the use of BGCs can be beneficial regardless of the first-line mechanical endovascular modality used.
METHODS—We retrospectively reviewed consecutive acute stroke patients who underwent stent retriever thrombectomy or thrombaspiration from the prospectively maintained registries of 17 stroke centers nationwide. Patients were assigned to the BGC or non-BGC group based on the use of BGCs during procedures. Endovascular and clinical outcomes were compared between the BGC and non-BGC groups. To adjust the influence of the type of first-line endovascular modality on successful recanalization and favorable outcome, multivariable analyses were also performed.
RESULTS—This study included a total of 955 patients. Stent retriever thrombectomy was used as the first-line modality in 526 patients (55.1%) and thrombaspiration in 429 (44.9%). BGC was used in 516 patients (54.0%; 61.2% of stent retriever thrombectomy patients; 45.2% of thrombaspiration patients). The successful recanalization rate was significantly higher in the BGC group compared with the non-BGC group (86.8% versus 74.7%, respectively; P<0.001). Furthermore, the first-pass recanalization rate was more frequent (37.0% versus 14.1%; P<0.001), and the number of device passes was fewer in the BGC group (2.5±1.9 versus 3.3±2.1; P<0.001). The procedural time was also shorter in the BGC group (54.3±27.4 versus 67.6±38.2; P<0.001). The use of BGC was an independent factor for successful recanalization (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.54–3.10; P<0.001) irrespective of the type of first-line endovascular modality used. The use of BGC was also an independent factor for a favorable outcome (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02–1.92; P=0.038) irrespective of the type of first-line endovascular modality used.
CONCLUSIONS—Regardless of the first-line mechanical endovascular modality used, the use of BGC in endovascular treatment was beneficial in terms of both recanalization success and functional outcome.
Risk perception research, targeting the general public, necessitates the study of the multi-faceted aspects of perceived risk through a holistic approach. This study aimed to investigate the ...association between the two dimensions of risk perception of COVID-19, i.e., risk as a feeling and analysis, trust in the current government, political ideologies, and socio-demographic factors in South Korea. This study used a year-long repeated cross-sectional design, in which a national sample (n = 23,018) participated in 23 consecutive telephone surveys from February 2020 to February 2021. Most factors differed in the magnitude and direction of their relationships with the two dimensions of risk perception. However, trust in the current government, alone, delineated an association in the same direction for both dimensions, i.e., those with a lower level of trust exhibited higher levels of cognitive and affective risk perception. Although these results did not change significantly during the one-year observation period, they are related to the political interpretation of risk. This study revealed that affective and cognitive risk perceptions addressed different dimensions of risk perception. These findings could help governments and health authorities better understand the nature and mechanisms of public risk perception when implementing countermeasures and policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nanotransfer printing technology offers outstanding simplicity and throughput in the fabrication of transistors, metamaterials, epidermal sensors and other emerging devices. Nevertheless, the ...development of a large-area sub-50 nm nanotransfer printing process has been hindered by fundamental reliability issues in the replication of high-resolution templates and in the release of generated nanostructures. Here we present a solvent-assisted nanotransfer printing technique based on high-fidelity replication of sub-20 nm patterns using a dual-functional bilayer polymer thin film. For uniform and fast release of nanostructures on diverse receiver surfaces, interface-specific adhesion control is realized by employing a polydimethylsiloxane gel pad as a solvent-emitting transfer medium, providing unusual printing capability even on biological surfaces such as human skin and fruit peels. Based on this principle, we also demonstrate reliable printing of high-density metallic nanostructures for non-destructive and rapid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analyses and for hydrogen detection sensors with excellent responsiveness.
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