All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) with solid electrolytes have attracted great attention for the replacement of traditional lithium batteries with liquid electrolytes due to their advantages ...such as high safety, excellent electrochemical cycling property and long-term stability. To date, various solid electrolytes including oxide, sulfide and polymer and organic-inorganic hybrid electrolytes have been developed for ASSLBs. Especially, the strategies to improve electrochemical performance especially ionic conductivity and stability of solid electrolytes have been widely studied. However, nowadays, ASSLBs are still not commercialized and used in our daily life. In this article, the situations of the solid electrolytes are critically reviewed, the main challenges and future prospective for the development of solid electrolytes are given and the utmost limits of those state-of-the-art solid electrolytes are analyzed. In addition, the electrode/electrolyte interface modification techniques to make ASSLBs achieving the excellent performance are evaluated. It is expected to provide a guidance for the development of novel solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity and environmental stability for ASSLBs.
•State-of-the-art the solid electrolytes are critically reviewed.•Main solid electrolytes including oxide, sulfide and polymer electrolytes are introduced.•Strategies to improve ionic conductivity and stability of solid electrolytes are supposed.•Main challenges and prospects for the development of novel solid electrolytes are given.•The utmost limits of various solid electrolytes are analyzed.
Abstract
Nanobubbles of gas remain dissolved in water for longer periods than ordinary bubbles, and exhibit unique physicochemical and biological properties. As a result, nanobubble water (NBW) is ...finding widespread use many applications, such as cleaning in the industry and purification of lake water. The ozone NBW (O
3
-NBW), in particular, has been used in clinical dentistry; however, it has several disadvantages, including the instability of ozone, which is spontaneously converted to molecular oxygen (O
3
to O
2
), and its broad range of antibacterial activity, which can disrupt the oral microbiota. Therefore, the use of NBW in dental medicine requires greater evaluation. Here, we examined the effects of oxygen and hypochlorite NBW (O
2
-NBW and HOCl-NBW, respectively) on the microbiota in human saliva in 16 male patients (35–75 years old; median: 53.5 years) using multiple assays, including next generation sequencing analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed no significant changes in both alpha-diversity and beta-diversity. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed two subclusters in both unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances. Overall, the results revealed that HOCl-NBW exposure of saliva may lead to inhibition or delay in oral biofilm formation while maintaining the balance of the oral microbiome. These results can lead to the development of a novel type of mouthrinse for prevention of oral infectious diseases.
The dysregulation of Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis occurs at high frequency in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), where it promotes ESCC development and progression. However, defining a therapeutic ...vulnerability that results from this dysregulation has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Rb and mTORC1 contribute to Gln-addiction upon the dysregulation of the Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis, which leads to the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. This reprogramming is characterized by reduced energy production and increased sensitivity of ESCC cells to combined treatment with CB-839 (glutaminase 1 inhibitor) plus metformin/phenformin. Of additional importance, this combined treatment has potent efficacy in ESCC cells with acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Our findings reveal a molecular basis for cancer therapy through targeting glutaminolysis and mitochondrial respiration in ESCC with dysregulated Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis as well as cancers resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Bio-oil derived from the fast pyrolysis of lignin contains a range of chemicals including a lot of oxygenated chemical components which should be selectively upgraded to improve the oil quality. In ...this study, in-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oil during the fast pyrolysis of lignin over five types of high aluminum zeolites, i.e., H-Ferrierite, H-Mordenite, H-ZSM-5, H-Beta and H-USY zeolites, were performed. It is found that the channel structure, pore sizes and acidity of zeolite had great effect on the product distribution, coke formation, and deoxygenation. The highest yield of light oil was obtained by using H-ZSM-5 zeolite and the highest selectivity towards monoaromatic hydrocarbons was achieved by H-Beta zeolite. This study could provide a guidance for the selection of suitable zeolite for the in-situ catalytic deoxygenation of bio-oil derived from fast pyrolysis of lignin.
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•In-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oil over high aluminum zeolite was investigated.•H-ZSM-5 zeolite had high productivity towards aromatic hydrocarbons.•H-beta zeolite had high selectivity to monoaromatic hydrocarbons.•Pore channel structure in zeolite had great effect on the product distribution.
The development of highly efficient eletrocatalysts for water electrolysis application is a rising hot issue; especially the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) attracted wide attention due to the ...significant overpential derived by the complex four electron-transfer coupled reaction. In this study, hierarchical NiO microflake@NiFe-layer double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet core–shell arrays on nickel foam were fabricated by combining a two-step hydrothermal synthesis and a calcination process. Due to the three-dimensional rational configuration, the obtained composite electrode showed high performance for OER, which needed a low apparent overpotential of 265 mV to afford a 10 mA cm–2 current density. In addition, the NiO@NiFe-LDH coated electrode was further treated in an organic solution via ultrasound for in situ intercalation of the NiFe-LDH to provide wide channels for ion transportation and gas diffusion. As a result, the charge transition resistance was obviously reduced and the apparent activity as well as the long-term stability was improved. The optimized NiO@NiFe-LDH composite exhibited an excellent long-term stability in 50 h even at high current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm–2, and meanwhile the required apparent overpotential of OER for sustaining 10 mA cm–2 current density was reduced from 265 to 210 mV.
The oral microbiome plays an important role in the human microbial community and in maintaining the health of an individual. Imbalances in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral and systemic ...diseases. The progression of periodontal disease is closely related to the growth of bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the oral cavity. However, the pathogen growth mechanism specific to periodontal disease remains unknown. This study aimed to identify bacteria associated with periodontal health by focusing on hemolytic bacteria. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from ten periodontitis patients and five healthy subjects to detect and identify the presence of hemolytic bacteria. The saliva of healthy subjects contained a higher proportion of G. haemolysans than saliva samples from patients with periodontitis. Growth inhibition assays indicated that the protein components contained in the culture supernatant of G. haemolysans directly suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis. This study shows that the presence of G. haemolysans in saliva is associated with periodontal health and that it inhibits the growth of P. gingivalis in vitro.
Cyclin D1 is a regulatory subunit of -Cyclin Dependent Kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and regulates progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Dysregulated cyclin D1-CDK4/6 contributes to abnormal ...cell proliferation and tumor development. Phosphorylation of threonine 286 of cyclin D1 is necessary for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Non-phosphorylatable cyclin D1 mutants are stabilized and concentrated in the nucleus, contributing to genomic instability and tumor development. Studies investigating the tumor-promoting functions of cyclin D1 mutants have focused on the use of artificial promoters to drive the expression which unfortunately may not accurately reflect tumorigenic functions of mutant cyclin D1 in cancer development. We have generated a conditional knock-in mouse model where cyclin D1T286A is expressed under the control of its endogenous promoter following Cre-dependent excision of a lox-stop-lox sequence. Acute expression of cyclin D1T286A following tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase triggers inflammation, lymphocyte abnormality and ultimately mesenteric tumors in the intestine. Tissue-specific expression of cyclin D1T286A in the uterus and endometrium cooperates with Pten loss to drive endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Mechanistically, cyclin D1T286A mutant activates NF-κB signaling, augments inflammation, and contributes to tumor development. These results indicate that mutation of cyclin D1 at threonine 286 has a critical role in regulating inflammation and tumor development.
Aim
Both entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) are widely used to treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Japan. However, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of TAF in decreasing ...the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level, and its safety, are superior to those of ETV. This study aimed to report the long‐term effects and safety of 96‐week ETV and TAF treatment in patients with CHB.
Methods
A prospective comparative observational study was undertaken on the following two groups: patients with CHB who received continuous ETV (n = 32) and patients with CHB who were switched from ETV to TAF upon request (n = 48). The HBsAg, urinary β2‐microglobulin (β2MG)/creatinine (Cr), urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG)/Cr, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and bone mineral density (lumbar spine and femur) at 96 weeks were compared.
Results
The two groups did not significantly differ with respect to mean age, male / female patient ratio, or rate of hepatitis B e antigen‐positive status. The mean changes in serum HBsAg level and eGFR at 96 weeks were not significantly different between the two groups. The β2MG/Cr and NAG/Cr levels at 96 weeks were similar between the two groups. Additionally, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femur as well as the serum ALT did not significantly differ.
Conclusions
When compared with patients who received continuous ETV, those who were introduced to TAF after ETV showed similar effects in terms of the decrease in HBsAg level and safety.
Cardiac accessory pathways (APs) in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome are conventionally diagnosed with decision tree algorithms; however, there are problems with clinical usage. We assessed the ...efficacy of the artificial intelligence model using electrocardiography (ECG) and chest X-rays to identify the location of APs. We retrospectively used ECG and chest X-rays to analyse 206 patients with WPW syndrome. Each AP location was defined by an electrophysiological study and divided into four classifications. We developed a deep learning model to classify AP locations and compared the accuracy with that of conventional algorithms. Moreover, 1519 chest X-ray samples from other datasets were used for prior learning, and the combined chest X-ray image and ECG data were put into the previous model to evaluate whether the accuracy improved. The convolutional neural network (CNN) model using ECG data was significantly more accurate than the conventional tree algorithm. In the multimodal model, which implemented input from the combined ECG and chest X-ray data, the accuracy was significantly improved. Deep learning with a combination of ECG and chest X-ray data could effectively identify the AP location, which may be a novel deep learning model for a multimodal model.
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