: To explore the medical literature on techniques of tissue and sperm handling after surgical retrieval for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
: A search was performed in PubMed and Google ...Scholar databases, according to a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, considering the studies investigating tissue handling and sperm selection techniques for ICSI.
: Overall, 42 articles were included in this study, investigating sample handling, methods for sperm selection, and the use of chemical compounds to improve sperm motility and fertilisation rates.
: The ideal sperm handling method should provide a high sperm count, high vitality and appropriate sperm function, without side-effects. In this review the most common and useful techniques are described and the best combination strategies discussed in clinical scenarios.
To develop a sensitive and selective liquid-chromatographic method for the determination of histamine in microdialysis samples from guinea pig skin following allergenic provocation.
The novel ...fluorescence derivatization method is based on an intramolecular excimer-forming reaction between 2 amino moieties of histamine and 2 molecules of 4-(1-pyrene)butanoyl chloride (PBC) yielding the corresponding dipyrene-labeled derivative.
The PBC derivative of histamine was separated within 20 min, and the detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) of histamine was 0.6 fmol/20 μl volume injected. The basal extracellular levels of histamine in guinea pig skin microdialysates were 20.6 ± 1.7 fmol/10 μl. Subcutaneous administration of histamine liberator compound 48/80 (3 mg/kg) increased the extracellular histamine levels in the skin dialysates by about 860%, whereas ovalbumin challenge (2 mg/kg i.v.) in the sensitized guinea pigs increased the extracellular histamine levels by about 3,030%.
The novel technique for histamine determination in microdialysis samples from the guinea pig skin may be utilized in preclinical research of antihistaminergic drugs and evaluation of allergenic properties of various dermal preparations such as transdermal drug delivery systems.
The protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) is a ubiquitin hydrolase that is widely expressed in neuronal tissues at all stages of neuronal differentiation and is a known neuroendocrine marker. Medullary ...thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular cells and is reported to overexpress several mRNAs such as RET, calcitonin, and CEA. These markers are thought to be useful in determining a molecular-based diagnosis of MTC. We examined the expression levels of PGP9.5 mRNA in 80 thyroid tissues using real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and found that PGP9.5 mRNA was overexpressed in all 11 MTCs examined, both hereditary and sporadic, but not in other histological tumour types. Furthermore, by RT-PCR, PGP9.5 mRNA was detected only in aspirates from three medullary carcinomas, and not in aspirates from other tumour types. These results demonstrate that, in addition to the expression of RET, calcitonin and CEA, PGP9.5 mRNA expression may contribute to the molecular-based diagnosis of MTCs.
WSX-1 is a subunit of the IL-27R, which plays a critical role in the initiation of Th1 responses. Murine experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a model of human autoimmune uveitis, in which a Th1 ...response predominates in the pathogenetic process. To explore the role of WSX-1 in this model, WSX-1−/− mice were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 1–20 to induce EAU. We found that the EAU clinical and histological scores were lower in the WSX-1−/− mice up to day 21, whereas after day 21, the EAU scores were the same between the wild-type (WT) and WSX-1−/− mice with both declining at the same rate. In contrast to T lymphocytes from WT mice, WSX-1−/− T lymphocytes on day 9 after immunization failed to produce IFN-γ. Similarly, expression of Th1-related chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted and IP-10, in the eye was reduced in WSX-1−/− mice compared with WT mice on day 13 after immunization. In addition, sub-retinal transfer of lymphocytes from WSX-1−/− mice on day 9 after immunization did not induce EAU in the recipient mice. Importantly, IFN-γ production, chemokine expression and the transferability of disease by lymphocytes became comparable for WSX-1−/− and WT mice at later stages. Thus, IL-27/WSX-1 affects the early development of EAU, and might be a target for therapy during the onset of autoimmune uveitis in humans.
Clear cell adenocarcinomas (CA), unlike serous adenocarcinomas (SA) of the ovary, are often at stage I, are resistant to platinum-based drugs and have a poor prognosis. The causes of these ...differences are unclear. In this study, the differences in progression between CA and SA were examined in terms of apoptosis-related and tumor invasion-related factors. The 16 cases of CA and the 16 cases of SA were reviewed. Excised tissues were classified into primary or metastatic loci, and the expressions of survivin, Bcl-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in each locus immunohistochemically assayed. Whether the expression of each protein was correlated to prognosis was investigated and additionally the invasion ability of cell strains established from CA and SA were examined using in vitro invasion assay. CA at stage I showed significantly higher survivin expression than SA (p<0.05). In CA, survivin tended to be expressed higher in primary locus than in metastatic locus (p=0.068), however, Bcl-2 was expressed relatively higher in the latter (p=0.087). SA did not have these tendencies. While MMP-2 was expressed significantly higher in SA than in CA (p<0.05), and more so in metastatic locus than in primary locus of SA (p<0.05). Invasion assay showed that the invasion of cells derived from SA was significantly inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2, an MMP inhibitor. The disease-free interval was significantly shorter when survivin expression was observed in the nucleus. These results suggest that the expression of apoptosis inhibiting factors and enhanced invasion ability affect progression of CA and SA, respectively.
In this paper, we derive a one-dimensional convection-diffusion model for a rarefied gas flow in a two-dimensional curved channel on the basis of the Boltzmann (Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook) model. The flow ...is driven by the temperature gradient along the channel walls, which is known as the thermal creep phenomenon. This device can be used as a micropumping system without any moving part. Our derivation is based on the asymptotic technique of the diffusion approximation. It gives a macroscopic (fluid) approximation of the microscopic (kinetic) equation. We also derive the connection conditions at the junction where the curvature is not continuous. The pumping device is simulated by using a numerical approximation of our convection-diffusion model which turns out to agree very well with full two-dimensional kinetic simulations. It is then used to obtain very fast computations on long pumping devices, while the computational cost of full kinetic computations nowadays is still prohibitive for such cases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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