This study focuses on electrochemical potential control and fabrication methods for various metal complexes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at solid–liquid interfaces, particularly using ...electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The in situ observation of molecular assemblies and understanding of the phase transition dynamics and ligand exchange reactions at the molecular and/or submolecular levels provide information on functional molecular design and surface engineering. In addition, ionic liquids electrochemistry is summarized from the viewpoint of single-crystal electrochemistry.
Abstract only Introduction: Technical improvement to enhance M2 occlusion thrombectomy is desirable. Tron FX® is the only stent-retriever that can be deployed through 0.0165-inch microcatheters. Here ...we report outcomes of blind exchange with mini-pinning (BEMP) technique using Tron stent-retrievers. Methods: Consecutive stroke patients with M2 occlusion treated with 2 x15 mm or 4 x 20 mm Tron stent-retrievers using the BEMP technique were included. The technique involves the deployment of a Tron stent-retriever through a 0.0165-inch microcatheter followed by microcatheter removal and blind navigation of a 3/4MAX aspiration catheter over the bare Tron delivery wire until the aspiration catheter reaches the clot,. Tron stent-retriever was inserted into aspiration catheter like corkscrew, and subsequently pulled as a unit. A first pass effect (FPE), modified FPE (mFPE) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days were assessed as outcomes. Results: Fifteen M2 vessels were treated in 13 patients (5 women, median 81 years of age, and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 18 11–25). BEMP technique was successful in all cases. Whether to use 3MAX or 4MAX was determined according to the target vessel size while proceeding with the procedure (3MAX, n=8; 4MAX, n=5). Final mTICI 2b–3 was achieved in 92% (12/13). FPE and mFPE rates were 50% and 64%, respectively. Six patients (46%) were achieved in mRS score 0–2 at 3 months. Conclusions: Tron stent-retriever was successfully and safely used in the BEMP technique for M2 occlusion
This study examines how aid activities by the World Bank and China, which take two competing approaches to building state capacity, affect a recipient government’s effort to build state legitimacy ...vis-à-vis its population. The study operationalized legitimacy drawing on Levi’s ‘quasi-voluntary compliance,’ and empirically analyzed the two approaches’ effects at the local level. The study used the Afrobarometer survey conducted in Tanzania in 2014 and geocoded datasets for aid projects. Chinese aid, characterized by its ‘Developmental State’ approach, was associated with higher projection of state legitimacy at local level. Meanwhile, the World Bank’s aid, which encourages building state legitimacy in a ‘contractarian’ way, did not demonstrate such a correlation, and there was limited evidence that the co-location of projects from both donors may condition the effects of the World Bank aid.
It is becoming increasingly important to identify the type of stroke, especially the mechanism of occlusion, before and during its treatment. In the case of intracranial atherosclerotic ...stenosis-related large vessel occlusion, it is necessary to develop a treatment strategy that includes not only mechanical thrombectomy but also adjunctive therapies such as primary or rescue therapy (percutaneous angioplasty, intracranial/carotid stenting, local fibrinolysis) and perioperative antithrombotic therapy. However, in clinical practice we often encounter cases where it is difficult to identify the occlusive mechanism before endovascular treatment because of insufficient information in the minimal circumstances of the hyperacute phase of stroke. Here we focus on the imaging diagnosis before and during treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large vessel occlusion with
thrombotic occlusion as the mechanism of thrombotic occlusion, based on previous reports. We describe the diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related large vessel occlusion from the perspectives of "thrombus imaging," "perfusion," and "occlusion margin."
Women, Aging, and Art Hofrichter, Frima Fox; Yoshimoto, Midori
2021, 2021-01-28
eBook
What images come to mind with the words "women", "aging", "old", even "elderly"? Are they stereotypes? Are there anypositive associations? The thirteen contributions to this edited volume explore a ...broad range of images of old women, ranging from medieval "old wives" to contemporary re-imaginations of shamans and witches and empowering self-portraits. Works from medieval Europe to colonialtime Polynesia, present West Africa, Japan, and the Americas, in a multiplicity of media are explored in detail. These studies of varied representations of "old women" offer fresh perspectives and an engaging dialogue about society's values and preconceptions regarding the wisdom of our elders and the "golden years" in different times and cultures.
In this issue of
Blood
,
Yin et al
demonstrated that engineered BCL6 interacting corepressor protein (
Bcor
) mutation in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells of sensitized mice induced acute lymphoid ...leukemia (ALL) of B-1 progenitor phenotype,
1
which has been recently identified by them.
2
The intriguing aspect of this report is the complete penetrance of B-1 progenitor leukemia by
Bcor
mutation, which selectively developed among other various progenitors in the bone marrow (BM).
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular vacuolar process. Since Christian de Duve first coined the term ‘autophagy’ in 1963, it had not been well understood at the molecular ...level until much later, due to limitations in biochemical approaches and/or morphological approaches posed by electron microscopy. An important milestone was achieved with the isolation and identification of autophagy-related (ATG) genes by genetic screening using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ATG genes are well conserved in most eukaryotic organisms, which allowed the subsequent isolation of ATG gene-knockouts in plants. From the phenotypic analyses of the autophagy-defective plants, the physiological roles of autophagy have been predicted. However, in some cases, all the phenotypes cannot be simply explained by defects in autophagy. Therefore, in order to fully understand the physiological implications of plant autophagy, it is quite important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in each process in macro-/micro-autophagy. Although, until recently, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant autophagy was lagging compared to similar research in yeast and animals, current studies have made many great advances in the plant research field. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of plant autophagy, from autophagy-induction/autophagosome-formation to vacuolar degradation, comparing these to processes in yeast and mammals. We also review aspects of plant autophagy research that require further investigation in the future.
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