Curcumin has been reported to exert protective effects on inflammation-related diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Numerous evidence have suggested miRNAs are one of the important targets ...for curcumin during its anti-inflammatory function. However, little is known about the contribution of miRNAs on the role of curcumin in SCI. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the role of miRNA (miR)-137-3p during curcumin treatment after SCI. Expression of miR-137-3p and NeuroD1 was detected using RT-qPCR and western blot assay. Inflammation and oxidative stress were measured with the protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The target binding between miR-137-3p and NeuroD1 was confirmed
via
the luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. LPS induced a higher expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS in mouse microglia BV2 cells, which was attenuated by curcumin. miR-137-3p was downregulated and NeuroD1 was upregulated under LPS challenge. Curcumin also alleviated LPS-induced regulation on miR-137-3p and NeuroD1. The knockdown of miR-137-3p and ectopic expression of NeuroD1 could individually abolish the curcumin-mediated downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS in LPS-challenged BV2 cells. Besides, NeuroD1 was inversely regulated by miR-137-3p
via
direct binding. Silencing of NeuroD1 reversed the miR-137-3p downregulation-mediated promoting effect on inflammation and oxidative stress in the presence of LPS and curcumin. Downregulation of miR-137-3p abolishes curcumin-mediated protection on LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse microglial BV2 cells depending on the direct upregulation of NeuroD1.
Curcumin has been reported to exert protective effects on inflammation-related diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI).
Objective: Moxibustion therapy achieves satisfactory therapeutic effects largely depending on the heat stimulation of burning moxa. Understanding the thermal characteristics of heating process is an ...effective way to reveal the underlying mechanisms of moxibustion therapy. Methods: This paper performs experimental study on temperature distributions of burning moxa sticks and fresh in vitro porcine abdominal tissue using an infrared camera and thermocouples. Meanwhile, a moxibustion model incorporating moxa stick burning model and tissue heat transfer model was established with consideration of radiation propagation and water evaporation. Results: The burning features of moxa sticks were acquired and the radiation energy generated by the burning moxa stick was absorbed and scattered in biological tissue, resulting in a large temperature gradient in the skin layer. And the water evaporation led to a mass loss and reduced skin surface temperature. The numerical model was verified by experimental results and the effects of moxibustion treatment distance and duration can be quantified based on model calculation. Conclusion: The detailed heat transfer process of moxibustion was obtained experimentally and numerically. During moxibustion, the radiation attenuation and water evaporation have a significant influence on the energy transport in biological tissue which cannot be ignored. The treatment distance of 3 cm is the recommended value to achieve the treatment efficacy without thermal damage and pain. Significance: This research would reveal the underlying mechanisms of moxibustion therapy. Besides, the developed models are expected to establish a guideline for moxibustion clinical treatment.
Ru-based B2 phases present an opportunity to design two-phase BCC + B2 refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) with higher temperature stability compared to B2 phases observed in RMPEAs. ...In this investigation, seven equiatomic Ru-containing RMPEAs were characterized in the as-cast and annealed conditions. Of the two Hf-free alloys, Mo
25
Nb
25
Ta
25
Ru
25
was determined to be a single-phase B2 alloy and Mo
20
Nb
20
Ta
20
W
20
Ru
20
was single-phase BCC. Within all five Hf-containing alloys, phases formed during solidification included HfRu–B2, disordered BCC, and HfO
2
phases. The Hf-containing alloys also precipitated B2 nanoparticles within the BCC phases after further cooling in the solid. All phases were still present after annealing at 1500
∘
C to 1600
∘
C. The HfRu–B2 nanoparticles in as-cast Hf
20
Mo
20
Nb
20
Ta
20
Ru
20
were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and a lattice misfit of < 1 pct between the BCC phase and B2 nanoparticles was calculated. Room-temperature micropillar compression tests were performed on BCC + B2 nanoparticle regions in annealed Hf
20
Mo
20
Nb
20
Ta
20
Ru
20
. Post-mortem TEM analysis revealed precipitate shearing by dislocations, resulting in paired dislocations, along with bowing of dislocations around precipitates. Utilizing the insights from this investigation, compositions for RMPEAs with solutionable B2 precipitates stable above 1200
∘
C are suggested.
Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes ...(STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear.
Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively.
Conclusions: This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC. (Gut Liver 2022;16:875-891)
Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes ...(STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear.
Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively.
Conclusions: This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC. (Gut Liver 2022;16:875-891)
Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes ...(STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear.
Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively.
Conclusions: This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC. (Gut Liver 2022;16:875-891)
Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes ...(STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear.
Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively.
Conclusions: This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC. (Gut Liver 2022;16:875-891)
Abstract
In the fluid of the pipeline, the phenomena of heat convection, heat conduction, and radiation heat transfer occur between the pipeline and the outside world as well as between the pipeline ...and the inside. In the calculation of the relevant temperature and heat, we need to know the heat transfer coefficient, pipeline characteristic length, flow velocity, and other data to get the results. Based on previous research results, this paper will use Ansys software to explore the change law of heat transfer effect with various parameters. We can find that in the simulation, as the flow rate increases, the heating effect will become worse and worse.
Rapid and nondestructive recognition method of tire rubber is reported by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with machine learning algorithms. The ...infrared spectra were obtained from 187 truck, sedan, motorbike, and passenger car tires. Weighted k nearest neighbor analysis (WKNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR) were used and compared for modeling. The influences of the k value, kernel function, number of estimators, maximum depth, minimum sample leaf, and other parameters affecting recognition performance were optimized. The results show that the recognition performance of four models was SVM > LR > WKNN > RF. The SVM model (polynomial kernel function, C = 20, gamma = 1) was considered to be optimal. All samples had a recognition accuracy of 100% based on the tire type with a training set value of 96.9% and test set value of 92.3%. Hence, the developed procedure is suitable for the characterization of tires.
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