Summary
Despite a much higher proportion of intragenic heterochromatin‐containing genes in crop genomes, the importance of intragenic heterochromatin in crop development remains unclear. Intragenic ...heterochromatin can be recognised by a protein complex, ASI1–AIPP1–EDM2 (AAE) complex, to regulate alternative polyadenylation.
Here, we investigated the impact of rice ASI1 on global poly(A) site usage through poly(A) sequencing and ASI1‐dependent regulation on rice development.
We found that OsASI1 is essential for rice pollen development and flowering. OsASI1 dysfunction has an important impact on global poly(A) site usage, which is closely related to heterochromatin marks. Intriguingly, OsASI1 interacts with the intronic heterochromatin of OsXRNL, a nuclear XRN family exonuclease gene involved in the processing of an miRNA precursor, to promote the processing of full‐length OsXRNL and regulate miRNA abundance. We found that OsASI1‐mediated regulation of pollen development partially depends on OsXRNL. Finally, we characterised the rice AAE complex and its involvement in alternative polyadenylation and pollen development.
Our findings help to elucidate an epigenetic mechanism governing miRNA abundance and rice development, and provide a valuable resource for studying the epigenetic mechanisms of many important processes in crops.
A12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of thiamine ongrowth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobramaamblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate ...(HC) diet. Fish (24·73 (sem 0·45) g) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: two carbohydrate (CHO) levels (30 and 45 %) and two thiamine levels (0 and 1·5 mg/kg). HC diets significantly decreased DGC, GRMBW, FIMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, lipase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I, III and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK: T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, mitochondrial transcription factor A, Opa-1, ND-1 and COX-1 and 2, while the opposite was true for ATP, AMP and reactive oxygen species, and the transcriptions of dynamin-related protein-1, fission-1 and mitochondrial fission factor. Dietarythiamine concentrations significantly increased DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, ND-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Furthermore, a significant interaction between dietary CHO and thiamine was observed in DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, CK, complexes I and IV, ΔΨm, the AMP:ATP ratio, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Overall, thiamine supplementation improved growth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed HC diets.
In order to investigate the dietary requirement of Trachinotus ovatus for vitamin E (VE) and its effects on tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reservation, a 56‐day feeding trial was performed ...with five diets (D1–D5) supplemented with different levels of VE at 34.56, 47.35, 61.16, 91.06 and 144.88 mg VE/kg diet. A total of 375 fish (initial weight 13.40 ± 0.08 g) were randomly distributed equally into 15 sea cages and each diet in triplicate cages. After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed diet D3 exhibited significantly higher weight gain (WG), serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and also had higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n‐3 PUFA contents in the raw muscle than those of fish fed diets D1 and D5 (p < .05). Moreover, n‐6 PUFA and n‐3 PUFA contents in cooked muscle of D3 and D4 groups were significantly higher than those of other groups (p < .05). Besides, the contents of hepatic arachidonic acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, n‐6 PUFA and n‐3 PUFA in fish of D3 and D4 groups were also significantly higher than those of D1 group (p < .05). Correspondingly, the transcript levels of genes related to PUFA β‐oxidation (cpt1 and pparα) and synthesis (fas and elovl5) were lower in D3 and D4 groups. Based on regression analysis for WG, the optimum dietary VE level was 90.75 mg/kg, which was consistent with the above results that fish fed diets D3 and D4 displayed better growth performance, antioxidant capacity and muscle PUFA stability, where the last suggesting an effect of dietary VE against PUFA β‐oxidation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Pyroptosis plays an important role in hemorrhagic stroke. Excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress can cause endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and cellular pyroptosis by regulating the ...nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway. However, the relationship between pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress after intraventricular hemorrhage is unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model of intraventricular hemorrhage and found pyroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress in brain tissue. Intraperitoneal injection of the selective GPR120 agonist TUG-891 inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis, and inflammation and protected neurons. The neuroprotective effect of TUG-891 appears related to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and pyroptosis activation.
Invertebrates rely heavily on immune-like molecules with highly diversified variability so as to counteract infections. However, the mechanisms and the relationship between this variability and ...functionalities are not well understood. Here, we showed that the C-terminal domain of hemocyanin (HMC) from shrimp
contained an evolutionary conserved domain with highly variable genetic sequence, which is structurally homologous to immunoglobulin (Ig). This domain is responsible for recognizing and binding to bacteria or red blood cells, initiating agglutination and hemolysis. Furthermore, when HMC is separated into three fractions using anti-human IgM, IgG, or IgA, the subpopulation, which reacted with anti-human IgM (HMC-M), showed the most significant antimicrobial activity. The high potency of HMC-M is a consequence of glycosylation, as it contains high abundance of α-d-mannose relative to α-d-glucose and
-acetyl-d-galactosamine. Thus, the removal of these glycans abolished the antimicrobial activity of HMC-M. Our results present a comprehensive investigation of the role of HMC in fighting against infections through genetic variability and epigenetic modification.
Minimally invasive surgery, in particular endoscopic surgery, has revolutionized the benefits for patients, but poses greater challenges for surgeons in terms of ergonomics. Integrating ergonomic ...assessments and interventions into the multi-stage endoscopic procedure contributes to the surgeon's musculoskeletal health and the patient's intraoperative safety and postoperative recovery.
The purpose of this study was to overview the objective assessment techniques, tools and assessment settings involved in endoscopic procedures over the past decade and to identify the potential factors that induce differences in high workloads in endoscopic procedures and ultimately to design a framework for ergonomic assessment in endoscopic surgery.
Literature searches were systematically conducted in the OVID, pubmed and web of science database before October 2022, and studies evaluating ergonomics during the process of endoscopic procedures or simulated procedures were both recognized.
Our systematic review of 56 studies underscores ergonomic variations in endoscopic surgery. While endoscopic procedures, predominantly laparoscopy, typically incur less physical load than open surgery, extended surgical durations notably elevate ergonomic risks. Surgeon characteristics, such as experience level and gender, significantly influence these risks, with less experienced and female surgeons facing greater challenges. Key assessment tools employed include electromyography for muscle fatigue and motion analysis for postural evaluation.
This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis and framework of objective ergonomic assessments in endoscopic surgery, and suggesting avenues for future research and intervention strategies. By improving the ergonomic conditions for surgeons, we can enhance their overall health, mitigate the risk of WMSDs, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Dimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me2) is a conserved heterochromatic mark catalyzed by SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION 3-9 HOMOLOG (SUVH) methyltransferases in plants. However, the mechanism underlying ...the locus specificity of SUVH enzymes has long been elusive. Here, we show that a conserved N-terminal motif is essential for SUVH6-mediated H3K9me2 deposition in planta. The SUVH6 N-terminal peptide can be recognized by the bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain of the RNA- and chromatin-binding protein ANTI-SILENCING 1 (ASI1), which has been shown to function in a complex to confer gene expression regulation. Structural data indicate that a classic aromatic cage of ASI1-BAH domain specifically recognizes an arginine residue of SUVH6 through extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. A classic aromatic cage of ASI1 specifically recognizes an arginine residue of SUVH6 through extensive cation-π interactions, playing a key role in recognition. The SUVH6-ASI1 module confers locus-specific H3K9me2 deposition at most SUVH6 target loci and gives rise to distinct regulation of gene expression depending on the target loci, either conferring transcriptional silencing or posttranscriptional processing of mRNA. More importantly, such mechanism is conserved in multiple plant species, indicating a coordinated evolutionary process between SUVH6 and ASI1. In summary, our findings uncover a conserved mechanism for the locus specificity of H3K9 methylation in planta. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the delicate regulation of H3K9 methylation homeostasis in plants.
The effects of
n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (
n-3 HUFA) content in broodstock diets on the quality and fatty acid composition of eggs and larvae were investigated in
Plectorhynchus cinctus. ...Broodstocks were fed a natural diet (trash fish) and four formulated diets with similar proximate compositions but different levels of
n-3 HUFA (1.12, 2.40, 3.70 or 5.85%) through their reproductive cycle. Compared with the natural diet-fed group, the egg production per kg of females, percentage of buoyant eggs, survival and length of larvae at 3 days post hatching were similar in fish fed 2.40% and 3.70%
n-3 HUFA diets, but markedly decreased in the groups fed 1.12 and 5.85%
n-3 HUFA diets. The content of most fatty acids and fatty acid class in eggs and larvae was directly influenced by dietary
n-3 HUFA levels and exhibited parallel change pattern with the respective dietary levels. The results showed that either deficient or excess level of dietary
n-3 HUFA had a negative effect on egg and larval quality, good spawning performance was obtained when the dietary
n-3 HUFA content was 2.40 and 3.70%, or the
n-3 HUFA level took 12.17 and 18.63% of the total fatty acids. Dietary
n-3 HUFA content may affect egg and larval quality by influencing their fatty acid composition.
The study was performed to evaluate the effects of the reduced lactate production by sodium oxamate (SO) on growth performance, lactate and glucose and lipid metabolism, and glucose tolerance of
fed ...high-carbohydrate (CHO) diets. In in vitro study, primary hepatocytes were incubated for 48 h in a control medium (5.5 mM glucose), a high-glucose medium (25 mM glucose, HG), or a SO-containing high-glucose medium (25 mM glucose + 50 mM SO, HG-SO). Results indicated lactate and triglyceride (TG) levels, and lactate dehydrogenase a (LDH-a) expression in the HG-SO group were remarkably lower than those of the HG group. In in vivo study,
(5.23 ± 0.03 g) were fed four diets containing a control diet (10% CHO, C) and three SO contents 0 (HC), 100 (HC-SO1), and 200 (HC-SO2) mg·kg
, respectively of high-CHO diets (20% CHO) for 11 wk. High-CHO diets significantly reduced weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), p-AMPK-to-t-AMPK ratio, and expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (FBPase), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α) compared with the C group, whereas the opposite was true for plasma levels of glucose, TG, lactate, tissue glycogen, and lipid contents, and expression of LDH-a, monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 (MCT1 and MCT4), insulin, glucokinase (GK), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit (PDH), sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS). The HC-SO2 diets remarkably increased WGR, SGR, p-AMPK-to-t-AMPK ratio, and expression of IRS1, IGF-I, IGF-IR, GK, PDHα, PDHβ, FAS, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), PPARα, and CPT1α compared with the HC group. Besides, HC-SO2 diets also enhanced glucose tolerance of fish after a glucose loading. Overall, the reduced lactate production by SO benefits growth performance and glucose homeostasis of high-CHO-fed
through the enhancement of glycolysis, lipogenesis, and fatty acid β-oxidation coupled with the suppression of glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis.
As one important member of the two-pore-domain potassium channel (K2P) family, potassium channel subfamily K member 3 (KCNK3) has been reported for thermogenesis regulation, energy homeostasis, ...membrane potential conduction, and pulmonary hypertension in mammals. However, its roles in fishes are far less examined and published. In the present study, we identified two kcnk3 genes (kcnk3a and kcnk3b) in an euryhaline fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), by molecular cloning, genomic survey and laboratory experiments to investigate their potential roles for osmoregulation. We obtained full-length coding sequences of the kcnk3a and kcnk3b genes (1209 and 1173 bp), which encode 402 and 390 amino acids, respectively. Subsequent multiple sequence alignments, putative 3D-structure model prediction, genomic survey and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two kcnk3 paralogs are widely presented in fish genomes. Interestingly, a DNA fragment inversion of a kcnk3a cluster was found in Cypriniforme in comparison with other fishes. Quantitative real-time PCRs demonstrated that both the tilapia kcnk3 genes were detected in all the examined tissues with a similar distribution pattern, and the highest transcriptions were observed in the heart. Meanwhile, both kcnk3 genes in the gill were proved to have a similar transcriptional change pattern in response to various salinity of seawater, implying that they might be involved in osmoregulation. Furthermore, three predicted transcription factors (arid3a, arid3b, and arid5a) of both kcnk3 genes also showed a similar pattern as their target genes in response to the various salinity, suggesting their potential positive regulatory roles. In summary, we for the first time characterized the two kcnk3 genes in Nile tilapia, and demonstrated their potential involvement in osmoregulation for this economically important fish.
•Two kcnk3 genes (kcnk3a and kcnk3b) were identified from Nile tilapia by molecular cloning.•Both kcnk3 genes are highly conserved among vertebrates including fishes.•A special kcnk3a cluster reversal was found in Cypriniformes fishes by a genomic survey.•Tilapia kcnk3a and kcnk3b genes showed a similar tissue distribution pattern, with the highest transcription in heart.•Both two kcnk3 genes are involved in osmoregulation roles in Nile tilapia.
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