We propose a new in vivo confocal microscope capable of reflection and fluorescence imaging simultaneously with the use of 488 nm, 660 nm, and 830 nm lasers. We measured the lateral resolution of ...less than 0.8 μm, the axial resolution of less than 3.5 μm, the focal shift of 1.25 μm, and the imaging depth up to 210 μm. Ex vivo and in vivo images are acquired from bovine artery endothelial cell, mouse, and human skin tissues. Two imaging modes can provide potentials that the accuracy of diagnosis can be improved from different point of views.
This paper examines two policy rules for intergenerational equity in a model of optimal capital accumulation and resource extraction. First, we introduce Hartwick's rule (1977. American Economic ...Review 66, 972–974) for a constant consumption path and also consider relationships between Hartwick's rule and conservation laws. Second, by using conservation laws, we investigate another rule for a constant utility. This paper also attempts to derive the investment rule for Benthamite utility maximization.
We analyze the impacts of emission trading on the decision making of firms. Under the assumptions that firms treat emissions as inputs in production, pay for reducing emissions, and sell or buy ...emission permits, we propose a simple model for profit-maximizing firm’s optimal decision making on emissions, abatements, and permits. We use equations derived from the model to estimate emission behaviors of firms in 2015 and 2016. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, industries with higher valued-added or more patents tend to reduce emissions more. Second, industries with a higher market concentration tend to emit more. Third, net-additional allocations (one of policy variables) are significantly positively related to emissions. Fourth, permit price has a significant negative effect on emissions. This result is noteworthy because it shows permit prices cause firms to reduce emissions, despite the investigation being limited to the early stage of emission trading. KCI Citation Count: 0
Individual radars measure range, radial speed, angle, reflectivity, and other parameters of multiple stationary and moving reflectors simultaneously. The measured signal is excellent for acquiring ...vehicle information on the road. Several studies have proposed identifying accident vehicles on the road by processing radar information. However, it is difficult to identify accident vehicles using a radar information in congested traffic since traffic radar information for accidents are almost the same as those for traffic jams. This study proposes a method to identifying accident vehicles based on an accident decision algorithm that distinguishes between congested and accident vehicles. Experimental results verified that the proposed method's detection accuracy exceeded 95%. We believe the proposed method will enhance future intelligent transportation systems.
Urbanization and development of cities is necessary in contemporary society, however, these advancements are also causing urban problems, such as lack of open green space, density problems, traffic ...problems, and over population.Also, existing buildings are often lacking certain functions that are currently needed since they have been designed in the past. Thus, plaza and mixed used buildings, which are considered as a unit space, are needed to mention for 'publicity' that is a part of urban components as a wide spatial concept. In particular, mixed used buildings as multiply functioned facilities are needed a specific study for 'publicity' and 'urban plaza'.
In general, the meaning of 'publicity' in a city seems to have started from 'agora', which is from ancient Greek. A plaza as an open space in a city was realized as a solution, which people have pursued in order to improve their psychological safety and deterioration of the physical environment. Furthermore, it was made by necessity that was able to gather people in a place and was an indicator space with culture, political, and social activity. Procuring a traffic space, which is increasing more in a city, is expressed based on declining plaza and maximizing land use, on the other hands, it indicatesthe importance of a way to vitalize social public space in urban life.
In addition, urban and social modernization has caused proliferation and concentration of urban services and,as a result of it,it has caused population increase and architectural densification. In brief, open spaces and streets for pedestrians have decreased. Expansion of buildings, reduction of streets, and degeneration of urban plazas have started to diminish the space for public activity. This has connected to fall quality of its macro- environment and consciousness of sharing, and thus the quality of the city has fallen as a result. The urban plaza is an important component of urban open space and the space, which can improve social community.
Thus, the objective of this study is to reconsider the concept 'publicity' in cities as a strategic space in order to vitalize the city. The study includes analyzing connectivity between urban plaza and architectural space and proposing design methods for a mixed use building which will improve interaction between urban context and the buildings.,
In conclusion, the study will be used to suggest a new solution for the urban design, which has had less connectivity by transportation and thoughtless development for the environment, in order to produce pleasant open space to enjoy public life for citizen focused on increasing practical use between people and their city's infrastructure with diverse function and psychological stability.
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