Characterisation and optimization of next-generation silicon solar cell concepts rely on an accurate knowledge of intrinsic charge carrier recombination in crystalline silicon. Reports of measured ...lifetimes exceeding the previous accepted parameterisation of intrinsic recombination indicate an overestimation of this recombination in certain injection regimes and hence the need for revision. In this work, twelve high-quality silicon sample sets covering a wide doping range are fabricated using state-of-the-art processing routes in order to permit an accurate assessment of intrinsic recombination based on wafer thickness variation. Special care is taken to mitigate extrinsic recombination due to bulk contamination or at the wafer surfaces. The combination of the high-quality samples with refined sample characterisation and lifetime measurements enables a much higher level of accuracy to be achieved compared to previous studies. We observe that reabsorption of luminescence photons inside the sample must be accounted for to achieve a precise description of radiative recombination. With this effect taken into account, we extract the lifetime limitation due to Auger recombination. We find that the extracted Auger recombination rate can accurately be parameterized using a physically motivated equation based on Coulomb-enhanced Auger recombination for all doping and injection conditions relevant for silicon-based photovoltaics. The improved accuracy of data description obtained with the model suggests that our new parameterisation is more consistent with the actual recombination process than previous models. Due to notable changes in Auger recombination predicted for moderate injection, we further revise the fundamental limiting power conversion efficiency for a single-junction crystalline silicon solar cell to 29.4%, which is within 0.1%abs compared to other recent assessments.
•Previous models for intrinsic recombination in silicon are not sufficient for current needs.•Reabsorption of luminescence photons inside the sample can significantly impact experimentally assessable carrier lifetimes.•The presented experiment features twelve sample sets with state-of-the-art surface passivation and wafer thickness variation.•A new model for Auger recombination is derived and presented.•The new model is used to reassess the theoretical efficiency limit of single junction silicon solar cells to 29.4%.
Objective To determine safety and pharmacodynamics/efficacy of teduglutide in children with intestinal failure associated with short bowel syndrome (SBS-IF). Study design This 12-week, open-label ...study enrolled patients aged 1-17 years with SBS-IF who required parenteral nutrition (PN) and showed minimal or no advance in enteral nutrition (EN) feeds. Patients enrolled sequentially into 3 teduglutide cohorts (0.0125 mg/kg/d n = 8, 0.025 mg/kg/d n = 14, 0.05 mg/kg/d n = 15) or received standard of care (SOC, n = 5). Descriptive summary statistics were used. Results All patients experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event; most were mild or moderate. No serious teduglutide-related treatment-emergent adverse events occurred. Between baseline and week 12, prescribed PN volume and calories (kcal/kg/d) changed by a median of −41% and −45%, respectively, with 0.025 mg/kg/d teduglutide and by −25% and −52% with 0.05 mg/kg/d teduglutide. In contrast, PN volume and calories changed by 0% and −6%, respectively, with 0.0125 mg/kg/d teduglutide and by 0% and −1% with SOC. Per patient diary data, EN volume increased by a median of 22%, 32%, and 40% in the 0.0125, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/kg/d cohorts, respectively, and by 11% with SOC. Four patients achieved independence from PN, 3 in the 0.05 mg/kg/d cohort and 1 in the 0.025 mg/kg/d cohort. Study limitations included its short-term, open-label design, and small sample size. Conclusions Teduglutide was well tolerated in pediatric patients with SBS-IF. Teduglutide 0.025 or 0.05 mg/kg/d was associated with trends toward reductions in PN requirements and advancements in EN feeding in children with SBS-IF. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01952080 ; EudraCT: 2013-004588-30.
In a trial involving 1033 patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the addition of baricitinib to remdesivir was associated with shorter recovery time, particularly among patients receiving high-flow ...oxygen, and with a 30% higher odds of improvement at day 15 than remdesivir alone. Adverse events were less frequent with the combination therapy.
Abstract Introduction The organ shortage for transplantation, the principal factor that increases waiting lists, has become a serious public health problem. In this scenario, the intensivist occupies ...a prominent position as one of the professionals that first has a chance to identify brain death and to be responsible for the maintenance of the potential deceased donor. Objective This report attempts to establish guidelines for care and maintenance of adult deceased donor organs guiding and standardizing care provided to patients with brain death. Method These guidelines were composed by intensivists, transplant coordinators, professionals from various transplant teams, and used transplant center. The formulated questions were forwarded to all members and recommendations were constructed after an extensive literature review selecting articles with the highest degree of evidence. Results Guidelines were developed in the form of questions reflecting frequent experiences in clinical intensive care practices. The main questions were: Is there an optimal interval for keeping organs of deceased donors viable? What actions are considered essential for maintaining deceased donors in this period? What are the limits of body temperature? How should the patient be warmed? Which laboratory tests should be performed? What is the collection interval? What are the limits in the laboratory and the capture scenario? What are the limits of blood pressure? When and how should one use catecholamines? Conclusions This pioneer project involved a multidisciplinary team working in organ transplantation seeking to provide treatment guidance to increase the number of viable organs from deceased adult donors.
Can a core outcome set to standardize outcome selection, collection, and reporting across future infertility research be developed?
A minimum data set, known as a core outcome set, has been developed ...for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews evaluating potential treatments for infertility.
Complex issues, including a failure to consider the perspectives of people with fertility problems when selecting outcomes, variations in outcome definitions, and the selective reporting of outcomes on the basis of statistical analysis, make the results of infertility research difficult to interpret.
A three-round Delphi survey (372 participants from 41 countries) and consensus development workshop (30 participants from 27 countries).
Healthcare professionals, researchers, and people with fertility problems were brought together in an open and transparent process using formal consensus science methods.
The core outcome set consists of: viable intrauterine pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound (accounting for singleton, twin, and higher multiple pregnancy); pregnancy loss (accounting for ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, and termination of pregnancy); live birth; gestational age at delivery; birthweight; neonatal mortality; and major congenital anomaly. Time to pregnancy leading to live birth should be reported when applicable.
We used consensus development methods which have inherent limitations, including the representativeness of the participant sample, Delphi survey attrition, and an arbitrary consensus threshold.
Embedding the core outcome set within RCTs and systematic reviews should ensure the comprehensive selection, collection, and reporting of core outcomes. Research funding bodies, the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement, and over 80 specialty journals, including the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group, Ferility and Sterility, and Human Reproduction, have committed to implementing this core outcome set.
This research was funded by the Catalyst Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand, Auckland Medical Research Fund, and Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. Siladitya Bhattacharya reports being the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open and an editor of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. Hans Evers reports being the Editor Emeritus of Human Reproduction. José Knijnenburg reports research sponsorship from Ferring and Theramex. Richard Legro reports consultancy fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma and Kindex and research sponsorship from Guerbet and Hass Avocado Board. Ben Mol reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA and ObsEva. Craig Niederberger reports being the Co Editor-in-Chief of Fertility and Sterility and Section Editor of the Journal of Urology, research sponsorship from Ferring, and retains a financial interest in NexHand. Annika Strandell reports consultancy fees from Guerbet. Ernest Ng reports research sponsorship from Merck. Lan Vuong reports consultancy and conference fees from Ferring, Merck and Merck Sharp and Dohme. The remaining authors declare no competing interests in relation to the work presented. All authors have completed the disclosure form.
Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative: 1023.
Desarrollar un conjunto de resultados básicos para futura investigación sobre infertilidad: un estudio de desarrollo de consenso internacional.
¿Se puede establecer y desarrollar un conjunto de resultados básicos para estandarizar la selección, recopilación y presentación de informes de resultados en futuras investigaciones sobre infertilidad?
se ha desarrollado un conjunto mínimo de datos, conocido como conjunto de resultados básicos, para ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) y revisiones sistemáticas que evalúan posibles tratamientos para la infertilidad.
los problemas son complejos, incluido el hecho de no tener en cuenta las perspectivas de las personas con problemas de fertilidad al seleccionar los resultados, las variaciones en las definiciones de los resultados y el informe selectivo de los resultados sobre la base del análisis estadístico, lo que hacen que los resultados de la investigación sobre infertilidad sean difíciles de interpretar.
una encuesta Delphi de tres rondas (372 participantes de 41 países) y un taller de desarrollo de consenso (30 participantes de 27 países).
se contó con profesionales de la salud, investigadores y personas con problemas de fertilidad en un proceso abierto y transparente utilizando métodos científicos formales de consenso.
el conjunto de los resultados básicos consiste en: embarazo intrauterino viable confirmado por ecografía (contando los embarazos únicos, gemelares y múltiples superiores); pérdida del embarazo (que incluya el embarazo ectópico, el aborto espontáneo, la muerte fetal, y la interrupción del embarazo); recién nacido vivo; edad gestacional en el momento del parto; peso al nacer; mortalidad neonatal; y anomalía congénita mayor. Cuando corresponda, se debe informar el tiempo transcurrido hasta el embarazo que conduce a un nacimiento vivo.
utilizamos métodos de desarrollo de consenso que tienen limitaciones inherentes, incluida la representatividad de la muestra de participantes, deserción de la encuesta Delphi y un umbral de consenso arbitrario.
la integración del conjunto de resultados centrales en los ECA y las revisiones sistemáticas debe garantizar la selección, recopilación e informe de resultados básicos. Los Organismos de financiación de la investigación, El Protocolo Estándar: recomendaciones for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) y más de 80 revistas especializadas, incluido el Grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad, Fertility & Sterility, y Human Reproduction, se han comprometido a implementar este conjunto de resultados básicos.
Esta investigación fue financiada por Catalyst Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand, Auckland Medical Research Fund y Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. Siladitya Bhattacharya informa que es el editor en jefe de Human Reproduction Open y editor del grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad. Hans Evers informa ser el editor emérito de Human Reproduction. Jose Knijnenburg informa del patrocinio de investigación de Ferring y Theramex. Richard Legro informa de honorarios en consultoría de Abbvie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma y Kindex y patrocinio de investigación de Guerbet y Hass Avocado Tablero. Ben Mol informa los honorarios de consultoría de Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA y ObsEva. Craig Niederberger informa que es el Coeditor en Jefe de Fertility & Sterility y editor de sección del Journal of Urology, patrocinio de investigación de Ferring, y conserva un interés financiero en NexHand. Annika Strandell informa de los honorarios de consultoría de Guerbet. Ernest Ng informa del patrocinio en investigación de Merck. Lan Vuong informa los honorarios de consultoría y conferencias de Ferring, Merck y Merck Sharp and Dohme. Los autores restantes declaran no tener intereses contrapuestos en relación con el trabajo presentado. Todos los autores han completado el formulario de divulgación.
Medidas de resultado básicas en la Iniciativa de ensayos de eficacia: 1023
Background and Objective Optimal endoscopic hemostasis remains undetermined. This was a systematic review of contemporary methods of endoscopic hemostasis for patients with bleeding ulcers that ...exhibited high-risk stigmata. Setting Randomized trials that evaluated injection, thermocoagulation, clips, or combinations of these were evaluated from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (1990-2006). Patients A total of 4261 patients were evaluated. Outcomes Outcomes were rebleeding (primary), surgery, and mortality (secondary). Summary statistics were determined; publication bias and heterogeneity were sought by using funnel plots or by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Results Forty-one trials assessed 4261 patients. All endoscopic therapies decreased rebleeding versus pharmacotherapy alone, including sole intravenous (IV) proton pump inhibition (PPI) (OR 0.56 95% CI, 0.34-0.92); only one trial assessed high-dose IV PPI. Injection alone was inferior compared with other methods, except for thermal hemostasis (OR 1.02 95% CI, 0.74-1.40), with a strong trend of increased rebleeding if 1 injectate is used rather than 2 (OR 1.40 95% CI, 0.95-2.05). Injection followed by thermal therapy did not decrease rebleeding compared with clips (OR 0.82 95% CI, 0.28-2.38) or thermal therapy alone (OR 0.79 95% CI, 0.24-2.62). Subgroup analysis, however, suggested that injection followed by thermal therapy was superior to thermal therapy alone. Clips were superior to thermal therapy (OR 0.24 95% CI, 0.06-0.95) but, when followed by injection, were not superior to clips alone (OR 1.30 95% CI, 0.36-4.76). Surgery or mortality was not altered in most comparisons. Conclusions All endoscopic treatments are superior to pharmacotherapy alone; only 1 study assessed high-dose IV PPI. Optimal endoscopic therapies include thermal therapy or clips, either alone or in combination with other methods. Additional data are needed that compare injection followed by thermal therapy to clips alone or clips combined with another method.
We aim to produce, disseminate and implement a core outcome set for future infertility research.
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating infertility treatments have reported many different ...outcomes, which are often defined and measured in different ways. Such variation contributes to an inability to compare, contrast and combine results of individual RCTs. The development of a core outcome set will ensure outcomes important to key stakeholders are consistently collected and reported across future infertility research.
This is a consensus study using the modified Delphi method. All stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, allied healthcare professionals, researchers and people with lived experience of infertility will be invited to participate.
An international steering group, including people with lived experience of infertility, healthcare professionals, allied healthcare professionals and researchers, has been formed to guide the development of this core outcome set. Potential core outcomes have been identified through a comprehensive literature review of RCTs evaluating treatments for infertility and will be entered into a modified Delphi method. Participants will be asked to score potential core outcomes on a nine-point Likert scale anchored between one (not important) and nine (critical). Repeated reflection and rescoring should promote convergence towards consensus 'core' outcomes. We will establish standardized definitions and recommend high-quality measurement instruments for individual core outcomes.
This project is funded by the Royal Society of New Zealand Catalyst Fund (3712235). BWM reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, Merck, and ObsEva. R.S.L. reports consultancy fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Fractyl and Ogeda and research sponsorship from Ferring. S.B. is the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
Can consensus definitions for the core outcome set for infertility be identified in order to recommend a standardized approach to reporting?
Consensus definitions for individual core outcomes, ...contextual statements, and a standardized reporting table have been developed.
Different definitions exist for individual core outcomes for infertility. This variation increases the opportunities for researchers to engage with selective outcome reporting, which undermines secondary research and compromises clinical practice guideline development.
Potential definitions were identified by a systematic review of definition development initiatives and clinical practice guidelines and by reviewing Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group guidelines. These definitions were discussed in a face-to-face consensus development meeting, which agreed consensus definitions. A standardized approach to reporting was also developed as part of the process.
Healthcare professionals, researchers, and people with fertility problems were brought together in an open and transparent process using formal consensus development methods.
Forty-four potential definitions were inventoried across four definition development initiatives, including the Harbin Consensus Conference Workshop Group and International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies, 12 clinical practice guidelines, and Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group guidelines. Twenty-seven participants, from 11 countries, contributed to the consensus development meeting. Consensus definitions were successfully developed for all core outcomes. Specific recommendations were made to improve reporting.
We used consensus development methods, which have inherent limitations. There was limited representation from low- and middle-income countries.
A minimum data set should assist researchers in populating protocols, case report forms, and other data collection tools. The generic reporting table should provide clear guidance to researchers and improve the reporting of their results within journal publications and conference presentations. Research funding bodies, the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials statement, and over 80 specialty journals have committed to implementing this core outcome set.
This research was funded by the Catalyst Fund, Royal Society of New Zealand, Auckland Medical Research Fund, and Maurice and Phyllis Paykel Trust. Siladitya Bhattacharya reports being the Editor-in-Chief of Human Reproduction Open and an editor of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. Hans Evers reports being the Editor Emeritus of Human Reproduction. Richard Legro reports consultancy fees from Abbvie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma and Kindex and research sponsorship from Guerbet and Hass Avocado Board. Ben Mol reports consultancy fees from Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA and ObsEva. Craig Niederberger reports being the Editor-in-Chief of Fertility and Sterility and Section Editor of the Journal of Urology, research sponsorship from Ferring, and a financial interest in NexHand. Ernest Ng reports research sponsorship from Merck. Annika Strandell reports consultancy fees from Guerbet. Jack Wilkinson reports being a statistical editor for the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility group. Andy Vail reports that he is a Statistical Editor of the Cochrane Gynaecology & Fertility Review Group and of the journal Reproduction. His employing institution has received payment from HFEA for his advice on review of research evidence to inform their ‘traffic light’ system for infertility treatment ‘add-ons'. Lan Vuong reports consultancy and conference fees from Ferring, Merck and Merck Sharp and Dohme. The remaining authors declare no competing interests in relation to the work presented. All authors have completed the disclosure form.
Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative: 1023.
Estandarizando definiciones y pautas de informes para el conjunto de resultados básicos en infertilidad: estudio internacional de desarrollo de consenso.
¿Pueden las definiciones de consenso para el conjunto de resultados básicos en infertilidad ser identificadas con el fin de recomendar un enfoque estandarizado para la notificación?
Se han desarrollado definiciones consensuadas para resultados básicos individuales, declaraciones contextuales y una tabla de informes estandarizada.
Existen diferentes definiciones para los resultados básicos individuales en infertilidad. Esta variación aumenta las oportunidades para que los investigadores se acojan a la notificación selectiva de resultados, lo que socava la investigación secundaria y compromete el desarrollo de guías de práctica clínica.
Las posibles definiciones se identificaron mediante una revisión sistemática de iniciativas de desarrollo de definiciones y guías de práctica clínica, y mediante la revisión de las guías del Grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad. Estas definiciones se discutieron en una reunión de desarrollo de consenso cara a cara, que acordó definiciones de consenso. También se desarrolló un enfoque estandarizado para la presentación de informes como parte del proceso.
Los profesionales de la salud, los investigadores y las personas con problemas de fertilidad se reunieron en un proceso abierto y transparente utilizando métodos formales de desarrollo de consenso.
Se inventariaron cuarenta y cuatro definiciones potenciales en cuatro iniciativas de desarrollo de definiciones, incluido el Grupo de talleres de la Conferencia de Consenso de Harbin y el Comité Internacional para el Monitoreo de Tecnologías de Reproducción Asistida, 12 guías de práctica clínica y las directrices del Grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad. Veintisiete participantes, de 11 países, contribuyeron a la reunión de desarrollo de consenso. Se desarrollaron con éxito definiciones de consenso para todos los resultados básicos. Se hicieron recomendaciones específicas para mejorar la presentación de informes.
Utilizamos métodos de desarrollo por consenso, que tienen limitaciones inherentes. Hubo una representación limitada de países de ingresos bajos y medios.
Esta investigación fue financiada por el Fondo Catalizador, la Sociedad Real de Nueva Zelanda, el Fondo de Investigación Médica de Auckland y el Fideicomiso Maurice y Phyllis Paykel. Siladitya Bhattacharya informa ser el editor en jefe de Human Reproduction Open y editor del grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad. Hans Evers informa ser el editor emérito de Human Reproduction. Richard Legro informa los honorarios de consultoría de Abbvie, Bayer, Ferring, Fractyl, Insud Pharma y Kindex y el patrocinio de investigación de Guerbet y Hass Avocado Board. Ben Mol informa los honorarios de consultoría de Guerbet, iGenomix, Merck, Merck KGaA y ObsEva. Craig Niederberger informa ser el editor en jefe de Fertility and Sterility y editor de sección del Journal of Urology, el patrocinio de investigación de Ferring y un interés financiero en NexHand. Ernest Ng informa el patrocinio de investigación de Merck. Annika Strandell informa los honorarios de consultoría de Guerbet. Jack Wilkinson informa ser editor estadístico del grupo Cochrane de Ginecología y Fertilidad. Andy Vail informa que es editor estadístico del Grupo Cochrane de Revisión de Ginecología y Fertilidad y de la revista Reproduction. La institución que lo emplea ha recibido un pago de la HFEA por su asesoramiento sobre la revisión de las pruebas de investigación para informar su sistema de "semáforo" para los "complementos" del tratamiento de la infertilidad. Lan Vuong informa los honorarios de consultoría y conferencias de Ferring, Merck y Merck Sharp and Dohme. El resto de autores declaran no tener intereses contrapuestos en relación con el trabajo presentado. Todos los autores han completado el formulario de divulgación.
Medidas de resultado básicas en la Iniciativa de Ensayos de Eficacia: 1023.
Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, are a quarantine issue for nursery shipments to certain U.S. states. The Domestic Japanese Beetle Harmonization Plan (DJHP) allows balled and burlapped ...(B&B) root ball immersion in chlorpyrifos or bifenthrin for P. japonica certification. Study objectives were: (a) to evaluate multiple insecticides as potential regulatory dips against third-instar P. japonica in 30-cm B&B, and (b) to determine the lowest effective rates. Tests were performed fall and spring from 2003 to 2007. All insecticide treatments reduced larval numbers compared with the untreated check treatment, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole and the lowest rate of trichlorfon in a fall test. Bifenthrin, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, clothianidin, and trichlorfon and bifenthrin + imidacloprid were the most effective insecticides. Larval numbers in acephate, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and cyfluthrin + imidacloprid treatments exceeded DJHP requirements at rates evaluated. Carbaryl, chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, trichlorfon, and cyfluthrin + imidacloprid dips were more effective in spring than fall tests. The only insecticide that caused significant plant mortality was trichlorfon (rates ≥119.8 g active ingredient/100 L). Several insecticides not currently approved for use in the DJHP and reduced rates of DJHP-approved active ingredients, bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos, demonstrated suitability for regulatory programs against P. japonica.
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