Studies in the field of neuroscience and psychology have hypothesized that a causal association exists between atopic diseases and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous systematic ...reviews and meta-analyses have reported a higher risk of ADHD in children with atopic diseases; however, the relationship between ADHD symptoms and atopic diseases remains unclear. We systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between atopic diseases and ADHD symptom severity (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention). The majority of studies showed a statistically significant association between atopic diseases and both ADHD symptoms, with substantial heterogeneity in the outcome of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Remarkably decreased heterogeneity and statistical significance were observed in the second meta-analysis of ADHD-related behavior symptoms in atopic patients without ADHD. Our study indicated that atopic diseases not only associated with ADHD but also ADHD symptoms severity. This association was even observed in children with subthreshold ADHD, indicating that atopic diseases may play a role in the spectrum of ADHD symptom severity. Trial registration: This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020213219).
We propose a new tensor completion method based on tensor trains. The to-be-completed tensor is modeled as a low-rank tensor train, where we use the known tensor entries and their coordinates to ...update the tensor train. A novel tensor train initialization procedure is proposed specifically for image and video completion, which is demonstrated to ensure fast convergence of the completion algorithm. The tensor train framework is also shown to easily accommodate Total Variation and Tikhonov regularization due to their low-rank tensor train representations. Image and video inpainting experiments verify the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of both speed and scalability, where a speedup of up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">155\times </tex-math></inline-formula> is observed compared to state-of-the-art tensor completion methods at a similar accuracy. Moreover, we demonstrate the proposed scheme is especially advantageous over existing algorithms when only tiny portions (say, 1%) of the to-be-completed images/videos are known.
Cell expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) commonly depends on Matrigel as a coating matrix on two-dimensional (2D) culture plates and 3D microcarriers. However, the xenogenic Matrigel ...requires sophisticated quality-assurance processes to meet clinical requirements. In this study, we develop an innovative coating-free medium for expanding hPSCs. The xenofree medium supports the weekend-free culture and competitive growth of hPSCs on several cell culture plastics without an additional pre-coating process. The pluripotent stemness of the expanded cells is stably sustained for more than 10 passages, featured with high pluripotent marker expressions, normal karyotyping, and differentiating capacity for three germ layers. The expression levels of some integrins are reduced, compared with those of the hPSCs on Matrigel. This medium also successfully supports the clonal expansion and induced pluripotent stem cell establishment from mitochondrial-defective MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This innovative hPSC medium provides a straightforward scale-up process for producing clinical-orientated hPSCs by excluding the conventional coating procedure.
Aims
The study aimed to examine the impact of prenatal depression and diabetes management self‐efficacy on postpartum stress and postpartum depression in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
...Background
Poor perinatal mental health is linked to various adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Designs
A predictive study design and the guidelines for the STROBE checklist were used for the study.
Methods
A total of 119 pregnant women with a positive 75 g‐glucose challenge test were recruited at a medical centre. The Taiwanese depression questionnaire (TDQ), the diabetes management self‐efficacy scale (DMSES) and the Hung postpartum stress scale (Hung PSS) were used for data collection at the 24th week of pregnancy and the first week after childbirth.
Results
Diabetes management self‐efficacy was correlated with postpartum stress in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Moreover, prenatal depression was a predictor of postpartum stress and postpartum depression, respectively, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions
Healthcare providers should assess those women's diabetes management self‐efficacy and mood status during prenatal visits and offer the needed intervention to reduce the levels of postpartum stress and postpartum depression of those women after childbirth.
Relevance to clinical practice
A holistic care approach integrated diabetic care and mental health for women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a timely manner is warranted to promote perinatal mental health in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Surface contamination by microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria may simultaneously aggravate the biofouling of surfaces and infection of wounds and promote cross-species transmission and the ...rapid evolution of microbes in emerging diseases. In addition, natural surface structures with unique anti-biofouling properties may be used as guide templates for the development of functional antimicrobial surfaces. Further, these structure-related antimicrobial surfaces can be categorized into microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces. This review introduces the recent advances in the development of microbicidal and anti-biofouling surfaces inspired by natural structures and discusses the related antimicrobial mechanisms, surface topography design, material application, manufacturing techniques, and antimicrobial efficiencies.
Bladder cancer poses a significant challenge to chemotherapy due to its resistance to cisplatin, especially at advanced stages. Understanding the mechanisms behind cisplatin resistance is crucial for ...improving cancer therapy. The enzyme glutathione S‐transferase omega class 1 (GSTO1) is known to be involved in cisplatin resistance in colon cancer. This study focused on its role in cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer. Our analysis of protein expression in bladder cancer cells stimulated by secretions from tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) showed a significant increase in GSTO1. This prompted further investigation into the role of GSTO1 in bladder cancer. We found a strong correlation between GSTO1 expression and cisplatin resistance. Mechanistically, GSTO1 triggered the release of large extracellular vesicles (EVs) that promoted cisplatin efflux, thereby reducing cisplatin–DNA adduct formation and enhancing cisplatin resistance. Inhibition of EV release effectively counteracted the cisplatin resistance associated with GSTO1. In conclusion, GSTO1‐mediated EV release may contribute to cisplatin resistance caused by TAMs in bladder cancer. Strategies to target GSTO1 could potentially improve the efficacy of cisplatin in treating bladder cancer.
In bladder cancer, the expression of glutathione S‐transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) can be induced by tumor‐associated macrophage‐secreted tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. The overexpression of GSTO1 causes cisplatin resistance through cisplatin efflux mediated by the generation of large extracellular vesicles. Targeting GSTO1 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of cisplatin treatments.
Aims and objectives
To test Zauszniewski's resourcefulness and quality of life theory in community‐based patients with schizophrenia. The objectives were to: (a) examine the relationship among ...psychotic symptoms, resourcefulness and quality of life, and (b) explore the determinants of quality of life.
Background
According to Zauszniewski's resourcefulness and quality of life theory, for patients, the skills constituting resourcefulness should centre on helping oneself or the use of resources to achieve their health. While the significant associations between resourcefulness and quality of life have been consistently delineated in published research, little is known about resourcefulness in patients with schizophrenia.
Design
A cross‐sectional study design was used in this study.
Methods
A total of 120 patients were recruited with convenience sampling who received home care service and community rehabilitation programme. The participants were assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Resourcefulness Scale and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale‐BREF. The psychotic symptoms were rated by the researchers with structured face‐to‐face interviews. Resourcefulness and quality of life were assessed through self‐reporting. STROBE checklist was followed.
Results
The data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance, t test, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results showed that employment status and psychotic symptoms were correlated with resourcefulness, while employment status, psychotic symptoms and resourcefulness were correlated with quality of life. Resourcefulness and psychotic symptoms were the determinants of quality of life.
Conclusion
Patients with employment and less psychotic symptoms had greater resourcefulness. In addition, patients with employment, less psychotic symptoms and greater resourcefulness had better quality of life.
Relevance to clinical practice
Community rehabilitation programmes should include supported employment, symptom management and resourcefulness skills training to enhance patients' resourcefulness and quality of life.
Repair of tissue damaged during inflammatory processes is key to the return of local homeostasis and restoration of epithelial integrity. Here we describe CD161
regulatory T (T
) cells as a distinct, ...highly suppressive population of T
cells that mediate wound healing. These T
cells were enriched in intestinal lamina propria, particularly in Crohn's disease. CD161
T
cells had an all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-regulated gene signature, and CD161 expression on T
cells was induced by ATRA, which directly regulated the CD161 gene. CD161 was co-stimulatory, and ligation with the T cell antigen receptor induced cytokines that accelerated the wound healing of intestinal epithelial cells. We identified a transcription-factor network, including BACH2, RORγt, FOSL2, AP-1 and RUNX1, that controlled expression of the wound-healing program, and found a CD161
T
cell signature in Crohn's disease mucosa associated with reduced inflammation. These findings identify CD161
T
cells as a population involved in controlling the balance between inflammation and epithelial barrier healing in the gut.
A lipid coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP) formulation was developed for efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to a xenograft tumor model by intravenous administration. ...Based on the previous formulation, liposome-polycation-DNA (LPD), which was a DNA–protamine complex wrapped by cationic liposome followed by post-insertion of PEG, LCP was similar to LPD NP except that the core was replaced by a biodegradable nano-sized calcium phosphate precipitate prepared by using water-in-oil micro-emulsions in which siRNA was entrapped. We hypothesized that after entering the cells, LCP would de-assemble at low pH in the endosome, which would cause endosome swelling and bursting to release the entrapped siRNA. Such a mechanism was demonstrated by the increase of intracellular Ca
2+ concentration as shown by using a calcium specific dye Fura-2. The LCP NP was further modified by post-insertion of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with or without anisamide, a sigma-1 receptor ligand for systemic administration. Luciferase siRNA was used to evaluate the gene silencing effect in H-460 cells which were stably transduced with a luciferase gene. The anisamide modified LCP NP silenced about 70% and 50% of luciferase activity for the tumor cells in culture and those grown in a xenograft model, respectively. The untargeted NP showed a very low silencing effect. The new formulation improved the
in vitro silencing effect 3–4 folds compared to the previous LPD formulation, but had a negligible immunotoxicity.
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In multivariate recurrent event data regression, observation of recurrent events is usually terminated by other events that are associated with the recurrent event processes, resulting in informative ...censoring. Additionally, some covariates could be measured with errors. In some applications, an instrumental variable is observed in a subsample, namely a calibration sample, which can be applied for bias correction. In this article, we develop two non-parametric correction approaches to simultaneously correct for the informative censoring and measurement errors in the analysis of multivariate recurrent event data. A shared frailty model is adopted to characterize the informative censoring and dependence among different types of recurrent events. To adjust for measurement errors, a non-parametric correction method using the calibration sample only is proposed. In the second approach, the information from the whole cohort is incorporated by the generalized method of moments. The proposed methods do not require the Poisson-type assumption for the multivariate recurrent event process and the distributional assumption for the frailty. Moreover, we do not need to impose any distributional assumption on the underlying covariates and measurement error. Both methods perform well, but the second approach improves efficiency. The proposed methods are applied to the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer trial to assess the effect of selenium treatment on the recurrences of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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