When the supercapacitor (SC) adopts electrolyte with solvent, the desolvation mechanism in the charging process is helpful for the electrode material to adsorb more electrolyte ions and improve the ...capacitance. However, the desolvation effect is temperature dependent, and it is difficult to achieve at low temperature. In this work, we find that the existence of a large number of submicropores (0.7–2 nm) in activated carbon greatly improves the SC performance at − 40 °C. The capacitance retention ratio can reach up to 90% compared with the value at 25 °C. We reveal both experimentally and theoretically a “gradual desolvation mechanism” from the thermal dynamic perspective. The solvent molecules energetically prefer to be removed from the solvated ion step by step in the submicropore. At the same time, we also found that the functionalized carbon nanosponge materials (FCNSs) with most of the submicro- and mesopore structure deliver a high specific capacitance of 131 F g
−1
, the capacitance retention ratio at − 40 °C can be about 100% at increased current densities of 1–10 A g
−1
. Moreover, the FCNSs also show excellent cycling performance at − 40 °C with no capacitance fading over 5000 cycles at 5 A g
−1
.
Graphical abstract
Supercabatteries combine the advantages of high power and energy density performances. However, the electrodes are always fabricated using high surface area materials and traditional slurry coating ...method containing the solvent mixing and drying processes, which are less controlled, energy-intensive, and environmentally unfriendly. Herein, we report a solvent-free method in pilot stage, combining a high-speed air blowing, hot-rolling, and hot overlying process. The carbon materials with high content of 40% are mixed in the LiFePO4-activated carbons cathode and Li4Ti5O12-activated carbons anode, respectively. The compact densities of the thick solvent-free electrodes (120 μm, one-side) are almost ~1.6 times of the values for the slurry coating electrodes. The solvent-free full cells show capacitive linear charge/discharge curves before the cell voltage plateaus. And these linear curves further mitigate the internal resistance drop at −40 °C using acetonitrile-assistant carbonate-based eutectic electrolytes. The full cell delivers high areal capacity of 1.4 mAh cm−2 and volume energy density of 95 Wh L−1, which is almost 2 times higher than that of the slurry coating full cell. Moreover, the supercabattery with acetonitrile-assistant electrolyte shows excellent cycling retention of 92% for over 5000 cycles due to the self-passivated solid electrolyte interface formation and stable fibrous polytetrafluoroethylene net-like binding structure.
Display omitted
•Li-ion supercabattery using LiFePO4- and Li4Ti5O12-based electrodes with 40% carbons.•Solvent-free electrodes combined air blowing, hot-rolling and overlying process.•Novel supercabattery shows high areal capacity, energy density and better cycling.•Contribution of capacitive controlled current can reach up to 68% at high rates.•Acetonitrile-assistant eutectic electrolytes ensured the −40 °C performance.
The decomposition of commonly used commercial electrolytes under high voltage and the continuous side reactions at the graphite anode make the rapid capacity decay of LiNi
0.5
Mn
1.5
O
4
...(LNMO)/graphite full cell during cycling. In this work, we adopt ion-permselective polyphenylene sulfide-based solid state separator (PPS-SSS) for LNMO batteries, PPS-SSS can effectively prevent the proton diffusion, block the HF generated on the LNMO cathode from attacking the anode SEI layer, and mitigate the Mn
2+
transfer. The PPS-SSS with anodic polyethylene (PE) protection (PE-PPS-CSSS) significantly improved the cycling performance of LNMO batteries. In the LNMO/Li half-cell system, 93% capacity retention rate can be achieved after 140 cycles at 0.5 C, and in the LNMO/graphite full-cell system, 85% of the initial capacity can be maintained after 100 cycles. Moreover, flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are applied to explore the interfacial reactions of LNMO/graphite batteries and reveal the key mechanism for the stable cycling using PPS-SSS.
The urgent need for high energy batteries is pushing the battery studies toward the Li metal and solid‐state direction, and the most central question is finding proper solid‐state electrolyte (SSE). ...So far, the recently studied electrolytes have obvious advantages and fatal weaknesses, resulting in indecisive plans for industrial production. In this work, a thin and dense lithiated polyphenylene sulfide‐based solid state separator (PPS‐SSS) prepared by a solvent‐free process in pilot stage is proposed. Moreover, the PPS surface is functionalized to immobilize the anions, increasing the Li+ transference number to 0.8−0.9, and widening the electrochemical potential window (EPW > 5.1 V). At 25 °C, the PPS‐SSS exhibits high intrinsic Li+ diffusion coefficient and ionic conductivity (>10−4 S cm−1), and Li+ transport rectifying effect, resulting in homogenous Li‐plating on Cu at 2 mA cm−2 density. Based on the limited Li‐plated Cu anode or anode‐free Cu, high loadings cathode and high voltage, the Li‐metal batteries (LMBs) with polyethylene (PE) protected PPS‐SSSs deliver high energy and power densities (>1000 Wh L−1 and 900 W L−1) with >200 cycling life and high safety, exceeding those of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries. The results promote the Li metal battery toward practicality.
A high‐crystallized, thin, and dense lithiated polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) based solid state separator is prepared by a solvent‐free process with repeated rolling, which is functionized by anions binding and protected by polyethylene (PE) on the anodic side, achieving high voltage and homogenous Li plating.
High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) has a significantly lower survival rate compared to low- and intermediate-risk NB (LIR-NB) due to the lack of risk classification diagnostic models and effective ...therapeutic targets. The present study aims to characterize the differences between neuroblastomas with different risks through transcriptomic and metabolomic, and establish an early diagnostic model for risk classification of neuroblastoma.Plasma samples from 58 HR-NB and 38 LIR-NB patients were used for metabolomics analysis. Meanwhile, NB tissue samples from 32 HR-NB and 23 LIR-NB patients were used for transcriptomics analysis. In particular, integrative metabolomics and transcriptomic analysis was performed between HR-NB and LIR-NB. A total of 44 metabolites (P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5) were altered, including 12 that increased and 32 that decreased in HR-NB. A total of 1,408 mRNAs (P < 0.05 and |log2(fold change)|> 1) showed significantly altered in HR-NB, of which 1,116 were upregulated and 292 were downregulated. Joint analysis of both omic data identified 4 aberrant pathways (P < 0.05 and impact ≥ 0.5) consisting of glycerolipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism. Importantly, a HR-NB risk classification diagnostic model was developed using plasma circulating-free S100A9, CDK2, and UNC5D, with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.837 where the sensitivity and specificity in the validation set were both 80.0%. This study presents a novel pioneering study demonstrating the metabolomics and transcriptomics profiles of HR-NB. The glycerolipid metabolism, retinol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were altered in HR-NB. The risk classification diagnostic model based on S100A9, CDK2, and UNC5D can be clinically used for HR-NB risk classification.
Mendelian randomization is a powerful method for inferring causal relationships. However, obtaining suitable genetic instrumental variables is often challenging due to gene interaction, linkage, and ...pleiotropy. We propose Bayesian network-based Mendelian randomization (BNMR), a Bayesian causal learning and inference framework using individual-level data. BNMR employs the random graph forest, an ensemble Bayesian network structural learning process, to prioritize candidate genetic variants and select appropriate instrumental variables, and then obtains a pleiotropy-robust estimate by incorporating a shrinkage prior in the Bayesian framework. Simulations demonstrate BNMR can efficiently reduce the false-positive discoveries in variant selection, and outperforms existing MR methods in terms of accuracy and statistical power in effect estimation. With application to the UK Biobank, BNMR exhibits its capacity in handling modern genomic data, and reveals the causal relationships from hematological traits to blood pressures and psychiatric disorders. Its effectiveness in handling complex genetic structures and modern genomic data highlights the potential to facilitate real-world evidence studies, making it a promising tool for advancing our understanding of causal mechanisms.
The deubiquitinating enzyme 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a member of the JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme (JAMM) family, has been shown to function as an oncogene in various ...human cancers. However, the function of PSMD14 in glioma and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, our findings reveal a dramatic upregulation of PSMD14 in GBMs, which is associated with poor survival outcomes. Knocking down PSMD14 is associated with decreased proliferation and invasion of GBM cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, PSMD14 directly interacts with β-catenin, leading to a decrease in the K48-linked ubiquitination of β-catenin and subsequent β-catenin stabilization. Increased β-catenin expression significantly reverses the inhibitory effects of PSMD14 knockdown on the migration, invasion, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between PSMD14 and β-catenin expression in human GBM samples. In summary, our results reveal that PSMD14 is a crucial deubiquitinase that is responsible for stabilizing the β-catenin protein, highlighting its potential for use as a therapeutic target for GBM.
Very preterm infants are at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is routinely used to prevent anemia in preterm infants; however, the effect ...of rhEPO on ROP development is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of early prophylactic low-dose rhEPO administration on ROP development in very preterm infants.
A total of 1898 preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation were included. Preterm infants received rhEPO (n = 950; 500 U/kg, rhEPO group) or saline (n = 948, control group) intravenously within 72 h of birth and then once every other day for 2 weeks.
The total incidence of ROP was not significantly different between the two groups (10.2% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.055). Further analysis showed that rhEPO group had lower rates of type 2 ROP than the control group (2.2% vs. 4.1%, RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-1.00; p = 0.021). Subgroup analysis found that rhEPO treatment significantly decreased the incidence of type 2 ROP in infant boys (1.8% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.021) and in those with a gestational age of 28-29
weeks (1.1% vs. 4.9%, p = 0.002) and birth weight of 1000-1499 g (1.2% vs. 4.2%, p = 0.002). There was a small increasing tendency for the incidence of ROP in infants with a gestational age of < 28 weeks after rhEPO treatment.
Repeated low-dose rhEPO administration has no significant influence on the development of ROP; however, it may be effective for type 2 ROP in infant boys or in infants with gestational age > 28 weeks and birth weight > 1500 g. Trial registration The data of this study were retrieved from two clinical studies registered ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02036073) on January 14, 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02036073 ; and (NCT03919500) on April 18, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03919500 .
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is mainly caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) or enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), poses a serious threat to children’s health. However, the long-term ...dynamics of the neutralizing Ab (NAb) response and ideal paired-serum sampling time for serological diagnosis of CVA16-infected HFMD patients were unclear. In this study, 336 CVA16 and 253 EV-A71 PCR-positive HFMD inpatients were enrolled and provided 452 and 495 sera, respectively, for NAb detection. Random-intercept modeling with B-spline was conducted to characterize NAb response kinetics. The NAb titer of CVA16 infection patients was estimated to increase from negative (2.1, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.4–3.3) on the day of onset to a peak of 304.8 (95% CI: 233.4–398.3) on day 21 and then remained >64 until 26 mo after onset. However, the NAb response level of EV-A71–infected HFMD patients was much higher than that of CVA16-infected HFMD patients throughout. The geometric mean titer was significantly higher in severe EV-A71–infected patients than in mild patients, with a 2.0-fold (95% CI: 1.4–3.2) increase. When a 4-fold rise in titer was used as the criterion for serological diagnosis of CVA16 and EV-A71 infection, acute-phase serum needs to be collected at 0–5 d, and the corresponding convalescent serum should be respectively collected at 17.4 (95% CI: 9.6–27.4) and 24.4 d (95% CI: 15.3–38.3) after onset, respectively. In conclusion, both CVA16 and EV-A71 infection induce a persistent humoral immune response but have different NAb response levels and paired-serum sampling times for serological diagnosis. Clinical severity can affect the anti–EV-A71 NAb response.
PDF
