Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, debilitating neuropsychiatric illness with complex genetic etiology. The International OCD Foundation Genetics Collaborative (IOCDF-GC) is a ...multi-national collaboration established to discover the genetic variation predisposing to OCD. A set of individuals affected with DSM-IV OCD, a subset of their parents, and unselected controls, were genotyped with several different Illumina SNP microarrays. After extensive data cleaning, 1465 cases, 5557 ancestry-matched controls and 400 complete trios remained, with a common set of 469,410 autosomal and 9657 X-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Ancestry-stratified case-control association analyses were conducted for three genetically-defined subpopulations and combined in two meta-analyses, with and without the trio-based analysis. In the case-control analysis, the lowest two P-values were located within DLGAP1 (P=2.49 × 10(-6) and P=3.44 × 10(-6)), a member of the neuronal postsynaptic density complex. In the trio analysis, rs6131295, near BTBD3, exceeded the genome-wide significance threshold with a P-value=3.84 × 10(-8). However, when trios were meta-analyzed with the case-control samples, the P-value for this variant was 3.62 × 10(-5), losing genome-wide significance. Although no SNPs were identified to be associated with OCD at a genome-wide significant level in the combined trio-case-control sample, a significant enrichment of methylation QTLs (P<0.001) and frontal lobe expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) (P=0.001) was observed within the top-ranked SNPs (P<0.01) from the trio-case-control analysis, suggesting these top signals may have a broad role in gene expression in the brain, and possibly in the etiology of OCD.
In the present paper we study the thermodynamic properties of superionic conductor SrCl
2
at high temperatures by means of molecular dynamics method. Firstly, we calculate the melting line. Then we ...compute the equations of state and the response functions (heat capacity, thermal expansion coefficient, etc.) at the temperatures up to the melting. We show that the response functions show maxima or minima. Moreover, the temperature of transition into the superionic state only moderately depends on the pressure.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Interoception, the ability to timely and precisely sense changes inside the body, is critical for survival
. Vagal sensory neurons (VSNs) form an important body-to-brain connection, navigating ...visceral organs along the rostral-caudal axis of the body and crossing the surface-lumen axis of organs into appropriate tissue layers
. The brain can discriminate numerous body signals through VSNs, but the underlying coding strategy remains poorly understood. Here we show that VSNs code visceral organ, tissue layer and stimulus modality-three key features of an interoceptive signal-in different dimensions. Large-scale single-cell profiling of VSNs from seven major organs in mice using multiplexed projection barcodes reveals a 'visceral organ' dimension composed of differentially expressed gene modules that code organs along the body's rostral-caudal axis. We discover another 'tissue layer' dimension with gene modules that code the locations of VSN endings along the surface-lumen axis of organs. Using calcium-imaging-guided spatial transcriptomics, we show that VSNs are organized into functional units to sense similar stimuli across organs and tissue layers; this constitutes a third 'stimulus modality' dimension. The three independent feature-coding dimensions together specify many parallel VSN pathways in a combinatorial manner and facilitate the complex projection of VSNs in the brainstem. Our study highlights a multidimensional coding architecture of the mammalian vagal interoceptive system for effective signal communication.
This article develops a model simulating the formation of the tension condition on the flank surface of a tool’s tooth in orthogonal cutting based on the example of face milling and using the plastic ...theory of contact interaction of bodies. A calculation was performed in the ANSYS/LS-DYNA program using the finite element method. The model allows us to determine the stress value on the cutting tool’s flank surface for various cutting modes. Analysis of the orthogonal cutting process has been carried out using the simulation model that allows the following to be defined: the flank surface stress diagram model, introducing the flank wear value defined by the processes of the shear zone, and contact interaction of the cutting tool’s flank surface and the workpiece. The basic and normal cutting force components in the cross section perpendicular to the cutting edge were obtained. Our main result is the mathematical model of the force in the orthogonal cutting scheme, introducing the force components on the front surface conditioned by the processes of the shear zone and on the flank surface of the cutting tool, introducing the flank wear value.
AIMS: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) has been evaluated as a potential eco‐friendly antifungal agent against Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we investigated the antifungal ...activity and mode of action of tea tree oil (TTO) and its components against B. cinerea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of the components we tested in contact phase, terpinen‐4‐ol had the highest antifungal activity, followed by TTO, α‐terpineol, terpinolene, then 1,8‐cineole. As one of characteristic components of TTO, terpinen‐4‐ol treatment led to pronounced alterations in mycelial morphology, cellular ultrastructure, membrane permeability under scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and fluorescent microscope, and also reduced the ergosterol content of fungi. As another characteristic component, 1,8‐cineole caused serious intracellular damage but only slightly affected B. cinerea otherwise. When terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole were used together, the synergistic antifungal activity was significantly higher than either component by itself. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study confirmed that terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole act mainly on the cell membranes and organelles of B. cinerea, respectively, and when combined are similar to TTO in antifungal activity due to their differences. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Understanding the mechanism of terpinen‐4‐ol and 1,8‐cineole antifungal action to B. cinerea is helpful for investigation on their synergistic effect and explaining antifungal action modes of TTO.
Multiple Emissions of Splashes upon Drop Impact Chashechkin, Yu. D.; Ilinykh, A. Yu
Doklady. a journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics,
10/2020, Letnik:
65, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
For the first time, photo and video detection is carried out for all groups of small droplets (splashes) emitted when a drop of
cm in diameter falls with a velocity of
m/s into a pool with water. In ...the splash-formation mode, groups of droplets are ejected in echelons first from the tops of spikes on the veil around the primary contact area, then, from the spikes on the edges of the split shells of the crown, and, finally, from the teeth of its chevron. The first splashes fly out radially, and the next move inward around the cavity and vertically upward. The splash sizes grow with time from 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Their velocities decrease from 20 to 1 m/s, and the intervals between groups increase from 50 μs to 2.5 ms until the beginning of smoothing of the crown teeth (
ms). The acceleration of the droplets is facilitated by the conversion of the available potential energy when the free surfaces of the merging droplets are annihilated.
Studies on the development of modern methods of precision surface polishing for the production of electronic device and optical system elements from glass and optical and semiconductor crystals are ...reviewed. The mechanisms that underlie material removal from the workpiece surface are described for polishing with a tool with bound abrasive, mechanical polishing with polishing powder suspensions, and chemicomechanical polishing. The results of the study of the mechanism that underlies the formation of the optical surface nanoprofile during polishing are presented and the relevance of studying the regularities of ultrasmooth surface formation during chemicomechanical polishing is emphasized.
•Markov property allows finding the probability of any local distribution.•The lengths of repeating sequences obey the geometric probability distribution.•The specific heat peak is defined by the ...impurity-spin pairs concentration.•The non-ordered dilute Ising chains correspond to the regular Markov chains.•Various orderings generate the irregular Markov chains of different types.
The local distributions of the one-dimensional dilute annealed Ising model with charged impurities are studied. Explicit expressions are obtained for the pair distribution functions and correlation lengths, and their low-temperature asymptotic behavior is explored depending on the concentration of impurities. For a more detailed consideration of the ordering processes, we study local distributions. Based on the Markov property of the dilute Ising chain, we obtain an explicit expression for the probability of any finite sequence and find a geometric probability distribution for the lengths of sequences consisting of repeating blocks. An analysis of distributions shows that the critical behavior of the spin correlation length is defined by ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic sequences, while the critical behavior of the impurity correlation length is defined by the sequences of impurities or by the charge-ordered sequences. For the dilute Ising chain, there are no other repeating sequences whose mean length diverges at zero temperature. While both the spin correlation and the impurity correlation lengths can diverge only at zero temperature, the ordering processes result in a maximum of the specific heat at finite temperature defined by the maximum rate of change of the impurity-spin pairs concentration. A simple approximate equation is found for this temperature. We show that the non-ordered dilute Ising chains correspond to the regular Markov chains, while various orderings generate the irregular Markov chains of different types.
The prognosis for patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) undergoing transarterial therapy (TACE/TAE) is variable.
We carried out Cox regression analysis of prognostic factors using a training ...dataset of 114 patients treated with TACE/TAE. A simple prognostic score (PS) was developed, validated using an independent dataset of 167 patients and compared with Child–Pugh, CLIP, Okuda, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and MELD.
Low albumin, high bilirubin or α-fetoprotein (AFP) and large tumour size were associated with a two- to threefold increase in the risk of death. Patients were assigned one point if albumin <36 g/dl, bilirubin >17 μmol/l, AFP >400 ng/ml or size of dominant tumour >7 cm. The Hepatoma arterial-embolisation prognostic (HAP) score was calculated by summing these points. Patients were divided into four risk groups based on their HAP scores; HAP A, B, C and D (scores 0, 1, 2 and >2, respectively). The median survival for the groups A, B, C and D was 27.6, 18.5, 9.0 and 3.6 months, respectively. The HAP score validated well with the independent dataset and performed better than other scoring systems in differentiating high- and low-risk groups.
The HAP score predicts outcomes in patients with HCC undergoing TACE/TAE and may help guide treatment selection, allow stratification in clinical trials and facilitate meaningful comparisons across reported series.
The combination of a geometrically frustrated lattice, and similar energy scales between degrees of freedom endows two-dimensional Kagome metals with a rich array of quantum phases and renders them ...ideal for studying strong electron correlations and band topology. The Kagome metal, FeGe is a noted example of this, exhibiting A-type collinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) order at T
≈ 400 K, then establishes a charge density wave (CDW) phase coupled with AFM ordered moment below T
≈ 110 K, and finally forms a c-axis double cone AFM structure around T
≈ 60 K. Here we use neutron scattering to demonstrate the presence of gapless incommensurate spin excitations associated with the double cone AFM structure of FeGe at temperatures well above T
and T
that merge into gapped commensurate spin waves from the A-type AFM order. Commensurate spin waves follow the Bose factor and fit the Heisenberg Hamiltonian, while the incommensurate spin excitations, emerging below T
where AFM order is commensurate, start to deviate from the Bose factor around T
, and peaks at T
. This is consistent with a critical scattering of a second order magnetic phase transition with decreasing temperature. By comparing these results with density functional theory calculations, we conclude that the incommensurate magnetic structure arises from the nested Fermi surfaces of itinerant electrons and the formation of a spin density wave order.
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